Response element

It has been suggested that Hormone response element be merged into this article. (Discuss) Proposed since November 2021.

Response elements are short sequences of DNA within a gene promoter or enhancer region that are able to bind specific transcription factors and regulate transcription of genes.

Under conditions of stress, a transcription activator protein binds to the response element and stimulates transcription. If the same response element sequence is located in the control regions of different genes, then these genes will be activated by the same stimuli, thus producing a coordinated response.

Examples[]

Examples of response elements include:

• Nuclear receptor response elements – two 6-meric repeats for dimeric binding
  • Type 2 NR response elements: direct repeat RGKTCA motifs, canonically AGGTCA^[1]
    • Vitamin D response element (VDRE)
    • Retinoic acid response elements (RAREs)
    • ROR-response element
    • Thyroid hormone response element
    • Growth hormone response element (GHRE)
    • Peroxisome proliferator hormone response elements (PPREs)
  • Type 1 NR response elements (typical of hormone response elements) – inverted repeat^[2]
    • estrogen response elements (EREs)
    • androgen response elements (AREs)
    • Glucocorticoid response element (GRE)
• cAMP response element (CRE)
• B recognition element
• AhR-, dioxin- or xenobiotic- responsive element
• Hypoxia-responsive elements
• Serum response element (SRE)
• Metal-responsive element (MRE)
• DNA damage response element (DRE)
• IFN-stimulated response elements (ISREs)
• Calcium-response element CaRE1
• Antioxidant response element (ARE)
• p53 response element
• Sterol regulatory element
• Polycomb Response Elements (PREs)
• Rev response element (RRE)

References[]

External links[]

• response+element at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

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