Rhamphorhynchidae

Rhamphorhynchids; Temporal range: Early-Late Jurassic, 180–148.5 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
	Fossil specimen of Rhamphorhynchus
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Order:	†Pterosauria
Clade:	†Breviquartossa
Superfamily:	†Rhamphorhynchoidea; Seeley, 1870
Family:	†Rhamphorhynchidae; Seeley, 1870
Type species
	†Pterodactylus longicaudus; Münster, 1839
Subgroups
	†Parapsicephalus; †Klobiodon; †Rhamphorhynchinae †Bellubrunnus; †Cacibupteryx; †Dorygnathus; †Harpactognathus; †Nesodactylus; †Orientognathus; †Qinglongopterus; †Rhamphorhynchus; †Angustinaripterini †Angustinaripterus; †Dearc; †Sericipterus; ; ; †Scaphognathinae †Fenghuangopterus; †Jianchangnathus; †Jianchangopterus; †Scaphognathus; ;
Synonyms
	Scaphognathidae Hooley, 1913;

Rhamphorhynchidae is a group of early pterosaurs named after Rhamphorhynchus, that lived in the Late Jurassic. The family Rhamphorhynchidae was named in 1870 by Harry Govier Seeley.^[10]

Classification[]

The cladogram (family tree) of rhamphorhynchids below is the result of a large phylogenetic analysis published by Andres & Myers in 2013.^[9]

Breviquartossa

Rhamphorhynchidae

	Scaphognathus crassirostris

Rhamphorhynchinae

Dorygnathus banthensis

	Cacibupteryx caribensis

	Nesodactylus hesperius

	Rhamphorhynchus muensteri

Harpactognathus gentryii

	Angustinaripterus longicephalus

	Sericipterus wucaiwanensis

References[]

^ Hone, D. W. E.; Tischlinger, H.; Frey, E.; Röper, M. (2012). Claessens, Leon (ed.). "A New Non-Pterodactyloid Pterosaur from the Late Jurassic of Southern Germany". PLOS ONE. 7 (7): e39312. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0039312. PMC 3390345. PMID 22792168.
^ Lü, J., Pu, H., Xu, L., Wei, X., ChanG, H., & Kundrát, M. (2015). "A new rhamphorhynchid pterosaur (Pterosauria) from Jurassic deposits of Liaoning Province, China." Zootaxa, 3911(1), 119-129.
^ Lü, J.; Unwin, D.M.; Zhao, B.; Gao, C. & Shen, C. (2012). "A new rhamphorhynchid (Pterosauria: Rhamphorhynchidae) from the Middle/Upper Jurassic of Qinglong, Hebei Province, China" (PDF). Zootaxa. 3158: 1–19. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3158.1.1.
^ Jagielska, N.; O'Sullivan, M.; Funston, G. F.; Butler, I. B.; Challands, T. J.; Clark, N. D. L.; Fraser, N. C.; Penny, A.; Ross, D. A.; Wilkinson, M.; Brusatte, S. L. (2022). "A skeleton from the Middle Jurassic of Scotland illuminates an earlier origin of large pterosaurs". Current Biology. in press. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2022.01.073.
^ (2006). The Pterosaurs: From Deep Time. New York: Pi Press. p. 246. ISBN 978-0-13-146308-0.
^ Lü Junchang, Fucha, X. and Chen, J. (2010). "A new scaphognathine pterosaur from the Middle Jurassic of western Liaoning, China." Acta Geoscientica Sinica, 31(2): 263-266.
^ Xin Cheng; Xiaolin Wang; Shunxing Jiang & Alexander W.A. Kellner (2012). "A new scaphognathid pterosaur from western Liaoning, China". Historical Biology. 24: 101–111. doi:10.1080/08912963.2011.635423. S2CID 128539358.
^ Lü Junchang & Bo Xue (2011). "A New Rhamphorhynchid Pterosaur (Pterosauria) from the Middle Jurassic Tiaojishan Formation of Western Liaoning, China". Acta Geologica Sinica. 85 (5): 977–983. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2011.00531.x.
^ ^a ^b Andres, B.; Myers, T. S. (2013). "Lone Star Pterosaurs". Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. 103 (3–4): 383–398. doi:10.1017/S1755691013000303. S2CID 84617119.
^ Seeley, H.G. (1870). "The Orithosauria: An Elementary Study of the Bones of Pterodactyles." Cambridge, 135 p.

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[HTFR12-1] Hone, D. W. E.; Tischlinger, H.; Frey, E.; Röper, M. (2012). Claessens, Leon (ed.). "A New Non-Pterodactyloid Pterosaur from the Late Jurassic of Southern Germany". PLOS ONE. 7 (7): e39312. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0039312. PMC 3390345. PMID 22792168.

[Lu2015-2] Lü, J., Pu, H., Xu, L., Wei, X., ChanG, H., & Kundrát, M. (2015). "A new rhamphorhynchid pterosaur (Pterosauria) from Jurassic deposits of Liaoning Province, China." Zootaxa, 3911(1), 119-129.

[Qinglongopterus-3] Lü, J.; Unwin, D.M.; Zhao, B.; Gao, C. & Shen, C. (2012). "A new rhamphorhynchid (Pterosauria: Rhamphorhynchidae) from the Middle/Upper Jurassic of Qinglong, Hebei Province, China" (PDF). Zootaxa. 3158: 1–19. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3158.1.1.

[4] Jagielska, N.; O'Sullivan, M.; Funston, G. F.; Butler, I. B.; Challands, T. J.; Clark, N. D. L.; Fraser, N. C.; Penny, A.; Ross, D. A.; Wilkinson, M.; Brusatte, S. L. (2022). "A skeleton from the Middle Jurassic of Scotland illuminates an earlier origin of large pterosaurs". Current Biology. in press. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2022.01.073.

[DU06-5] (2006). The Pterosaurs: From Deep Time. New York: Pi Press. p. 246. ISBN 978-0-13-146308-0.

[luetal2010-6] Lü Junchang, Fucha, X. and Chen, J. (2010). "A new scaphognathine pterosaur from the Middle Jurassic of western Liaoning, China." Acta Geoscientica Sinica, 31(2): 263-266.

[Jianchangnathus-7] Xin Cheng; Xiaolin Wang; Shunxing Jiang & Alexander W.A. Kellner (2012). "A new scaphognathid pterosaur from western Liaoning, China". Historical Biology. 24: 101–111. doi:10.1080/08912963.2011.635423. S2CID 128539358.

[Jianchangopterus-8] Lü Junchang & Bo Xue (2011). "A New Rhamphorhynchid Pterosaur (Pterosauria) from the Middle Jurassic Tiaojishan Formation of Western Liaoning, China". Acta Geologica Sinica. 85 (5): 977–983. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2011.00531.x.

[LoneStarPterosaurs-9] Andres, B.; Myers, T. S. (2013). "Lone Star Pterosaurs". Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. 103 (3–4): 383–398. doi:10.1017/S1755691013000303. S2CID 84617119.

[seeley1870-10] Seeley, H.G. (1870). "The Orithosauria: An Elementary Study of the Bones of Pterodactyles." Cambridge, 135 p.

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Rhamphorhynchids Temporal range: Early-Late Jurassic, 180–148.5 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N

Fossil specimen of Rhamphorhynchus
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Order:	†Pterosauria
Clade:	†Breviquartossa
Superfamily:	†Rhamphorhynchoidea Seeley, 1870
Family:	†Rhamphorhynchidae Seeley, 1870
Type species
†Pterodactylus longicaudus Münster, 1839
Subgroups^[9]
†Parapsicephalus †Klobiodon †Rhamphorhynchinae †Bellubrunnus^[1] †Cacibupteryx †Dorygnathus †Harpactognathus †Nesodactylus †Orientognathus^[2] †Qinglongopterus^[3] †Rhamphorhynchus †Angustinaripterini^[4] †Angustinaripterus †Dearc †Sericipterus †Scaphognathinae^[5] †Fenghuangopterus^[6] †Jianchangnathus^[7] †Jianchangopterus^[8] †Scaphognathus
Synonyms
Scaphognathidae Hooley, 1913