Robert E. Murray
Robert Murray | |
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![]() Robert Murray in 2019 | |
Born | Robert Edward Murray January 13, 1940 Martins Ferry, Ohio, U.S. |
Died | (aged 80) St. Clairsville, Ohio, U.S. |
Nationality | American |
Alma mater | Ohio State University |
Occupation | Business executive |
Political party | Republican |
Spouse(s) | Brenda Lou Moore |
Children | 3 |
Robert Edward Murray (January 13, 1940 – October 25, 2020) was an American mining engineer and businessman. He founded and was the chief executive officer of Murray Energy, a mining corporation based in St. Clairsville, Ohio, until it filed for bankruptcy.[1] Murray was criticized for his denial of climate change,[2] and his actions following the Crandall Canyon Mine collapse, as well as several large SLAPP Suits.
Early life[]
Murray was born on January 13, 1940, in Martins Ferry, Ohio.[3] He said he lied about his age so he could work in a coal mine at the age of 16 and provide for his family, had experienced multiple mining accidents including a head injury from being struck by a steel beam, had a scar running from his head down his back from a separate accident, and once was trapped in a dark mine for 12 hours before being rescued.[4]
Murray was the valedictorian of the Bethesda High School class of 1957.[5] He received a Bachelor of Engineering in Mining from Ohio State University, and attended a six-week management program at Harvard Business School.[6]
Career[]
Murray began his mining career at the North American Coal Corporation (NACC). He served in a variety of capacities at NACC, winning election to vice president of operations in 1969. From 1974 to 1983, Murray was president of NACC's Western Division and presided over four of its subsidiaries in North Dakota. In 1974, a strike took place at the Indian Head Mine in Zap, which North American was attempting to close.[7] In 1983, he became president and CEO of North American.[8]
Murray was a member of the boards of directors of the National Mining Association, American Coal Foundation, National Coal Council, Ohio Coal Association, and Pennsylvania Coal Association. He was a trustee and former president of the American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers, Inc., and the Society for Mining, Metallurgy and Exploration, Inc., and president of The Rocky Mountain Coal Mining Institute.[9]
Murray Energy[]
Murray founded Murray Energy in 1988 when he bought the Powhatan No. 6 mine from the . Murray focused on high-heat bituminous coal, which he thought would be in demand for power generation. The company later moved towards metallurgical coal used to produce coke for steel production.[10]
Murray told the White House in a letter dated August 4, 2017, that without an emergency order to restart coal-fired electrical generating plants, his company and a major customer, power plant operator FirstEnergy Solutions, would declare bankruptcy.[11]
Murray Energy Holdings, Co. filed bankruptcy in the United States District Court for the Southern District of Ohio on October 29, 2019. Murray was replaced as CEO the same day, although he remained chairman of the board of the new entity, Murray NewCo, while his nephew Robert D. Moore would be president and CEO.[12][13][14] Employees expressed concern about losing their pensions and/or medical benefits. Murray was the last major coal contributor to the United Mine Workers of America's pension plan.[15]
Crandall Canyon Mine collapse[]
In August 2007, six miners were trapped at the Crandall Canyon Mine in Utah, which was co-owned and operated by Murray Energy subsidiary UtahAmerican Energy. Three rescue workers died attempting to reach the miners, and a series of boreholes found that the miners were unlikely to have survived. The miners were declared dead, and their bodies were never recovered. Prior to the collapse, the Crandall Canyon Mine had received 64 violations and was fined $12,000.[16][17][18]
Murray claimed that the Crandall Canyon Mine collapse was triggered by a natural 3.9 magnitude earthquake[19] and that the practice of retreat mining was not responsible.[20] Responding to reports of retreat mining, Murray said: "I wish you would take the word retreat mining out of your vocabulary. Those were words invented by Davitt McAteer, , who are lackies for the United Mine Workers, and officials at the United Mine Workers, who would like to organize this coal mine."[21]
Seismologists and government officials disputed this claim, and said the mine collapse was the cause of a coal mine bump[19] that was caused by the mine's use of retreat mining.[20] Richard E. Stickler, the government's top mine safety official, said: "It was not—and I repeat, it was not—a natural occurring earthquake."[22] An analysis by seismologists at the University of California, Berkeley found that the seismic event was "consistent with an underground collapse".[23][24][25][26] Researchers at the University of Utah also stated that the tremor was not triggered by an earthquake].[27]
On July 24, 2008, the U.S. government's Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) announced its highest penalty for coal mine safety violations, $1.85 million, for the collapse. The government fined Genwal Resources $1.34 million "for violations that directly contributed to the deaths of six miners last year", plus nearly $300,000 for other violations. The government also levied a $220,000 fine against a mining consultant, Agapito Associates, "for faulty analysis of the mine's design".[22]
Robert Murray was criticized for his actions during the rescue attempt. The MSHA cited his volatile behavior, especially at daily briefings for family members. MSHA reported that he "frequently became very irate and would start yelling", even making young children cry. He told family members that "the media is telling you lies" and "the union is your enemy."[23]
Political activity[]
From 2005 to 2007, the Murray Energy PAC donated over $150,000 to Republican candidates, including donations totaling $30,000 to Senate candidates such as George Allen, Sam Brownback, and Katherine Harris.[28] Donations to Republicans surpassed $1 million from 2005 to 2018.[29] The Ohio Valley Coal PAC, another group affiliated with Murray Energy, donated $10,000 for George W. Bush's 2000 Presidential campaign.[28]
In the wake of the 2006 Sago Mine disaster, lawmakers in West Virginia and Ohio proposed legislation requiring mine workers to wear emergency tracking devices. Murray lobbied against the laws, calling them "extremely misguided."[18] He said that politicians were rushing to pass laws and thus "playing politics with the safety of my employees." Murray said that rather than create "knee-jerk" state laws after the disaster, such as in the case of West Virginia, which passed the law in less than one day after it was proposed, the federal government should host a panel which would study the industry and make recommendations for safety measures.[30]
Murray said the federal government should be involved for uniform standards and because tension between unions and companies created difficulty in reaching private agreement on safety standards. He maintained that the personal tracking devices to be mandated in the state laws, called PEDs, did not work under certain common mining conditions (such as below 600 feet (180 m) in depth), and better devices needed to be developed in order to effectively guard miners in case of accident. He said: "The will is there. Unfortunately, the technology isn't."[30]
Murray had stated that he supported federal mandates for drug testing and fire prevention.[30]
On August 14, 2012, Murray hosted Mitt Romney at Murray Energy's Century coal mine in Beallsville, Ohio. Several miners contacted a nearby morning talk radio host, David Blomquist, to complain that they were forced to attend the rally without pay. Murray chief operating officer Robert Moore said: "Attendance was mandatory but no one was forced to attend the event." Murray closed the mine the day of the rally and suspended pay to workers, arguing that the rally was important to the coal industry and that attending was in the workers' "best interest". Murray and his corporation were a major donor to Romney and other Republicans, and employees reported frequent instances of political pressure from management.[31]
In October 2012, the non-profit group Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington filed a complaint with the Federal Election Commission against Murray and his company alleging violations of federal campaign law in which employees of Murray Energy were required to give one percent of their salary to the company's political action committee.[32]
On November 9, 2012, three days following the presidential election, Murray laid off 156 workers, citing a supposed "war on coal" by the Obama administration as the reason for his decision.[33]
During the 2016 American presidential election, Murray Energy donated over $300,000 towards candidate Donald Trump's inauguration. A memo from Murray itemized a list of 16 energy actions he desired, including giving subsidies to nuclear and coal plants, reducing mine safety regulations, and reducing environmental oversight. The memo was given to Vice President Mike Pence. A similar memo was given to Department of Energy head Rick Perry, and Murray said he gave the memo to Donald Trump.[34][35]
Murray had continued to lobby on energy matters at both the state and national levels until his death.[36][37]
Lawsuits[]
Journalists and the press[]
Murray filed over a dozen defamation lawsuits against journalists and newspapers, none of which were resolved in his favor.[38] As an example of the repeated lawsuits against journalists, Robert Murray and Murray Energy filed a lawsuit on August 27, 2012, against environment reporter Ken Ward Jr. and The Charleston Gazette.[39][40]
Last Week Tonight[]
In June 2017, Murray issued a cease and desist letter to the television show Last Week Tonight following the show's attempt to obtain comment about the coal industry.[41] The show went ahead with the episode (June 18),[42] in which host John Oliver discussed the Crandall Canyon Mine collapse and expressed the opinion that Murray did not do enough to protect his miners' safety. On June 21, Murray and his companies brought suit against Oliver, the show's writers, the show's network, HBO, and HBO's corporate owner, Time Warner.[43] The lawsuit alleged that, in the Last Week Tonight episode, Oliver "incited viewers to do harm to Mr. Murray and his companies."[44][45] The ACLU filed an amicus brief in support of HBO in the case; the brief has been described as "hilarious," and the "snarkiest legal brief ever."[46] The brief also included a comparison of Murray with the fictional character Dr. Evil that was used in the Oliver show, with the explanation that "it should be remembered that truth is an absolute defense to a claim of defamation."[47]
The defendants removed the action to federal court, but in August 2017, a federal district court judge ruled that there was no diversity jurisdiction and remanded Murray Energy's suits against The New York Times and HBO to West Virginia state court.[48] The suit against HBO was dismissed with prejudice on February 21, 2018.[49]
On the November 10, 2019, episode of Last Week Tonight, titled "SLAPP Suits," John Oliver discussed the implications of the lawsuit on his show after Murray dropped the suit.[39] Oliver noted that Murray could minimize his personal risk by filing his lawsuit in West Virginia, a jurisdiction where neither Oliver nor Murray lived and that had no legislation to deter strategic lawsuits against public participation (SLAPPs).[50][39] HBO was forced to cover $200,000 in legal fees, which smaller media outlets would not be able to absorb, discouraging negative coverage of Murray.[51] Murray's reputation for litigiousness may have deterred other media outlets from covering him, including charges of sexual harassment against him.[51][39]
"SLAPP Suits" ended with a musical number, led by Oliver, telling Murray to "eat shit Bob!", in which a series of intentionally outlandish and obviously false accusations were leveled at Murray (including those of telling Adolf Hitler to "quit painting and find a new career", filling a rocket with puppies and sending it into space, having sexual relations with squirrels per a barbershop quartet, and even being the Zodiac Killer), citing a statement by Jeffrey D. Cramer – the circuit court judge in the case between Murray and Oliver – noting that the Supreme Court has long upheld "'loose, figurative' language that cannot reasonably be understood to convey facts" as protected speech.[39][52] The song's telling Murray to "eat shit" was a reference to a 2015 incident where, in response to a bonus program implemented at one of Murray's mines which union members feared would undermine safety, a miner voided his bonus check, wrote "Eat Shit Bob" on the back of it, and returned it to management,[53][54] which Oliver covered in his original 2017 episode on the coal industry.[39][42]
Workplace harassment[]
In 2019, two lawsuits were filed against Murray for sexual harassment and misconduct against his employees.[55]
Global warming[]
In June 2007, Murray told the United States Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works that "the science of global warming is suspect." He also wrote in a May 2007 MarketWatch editorial: "The actual environmental risk associated with carbon emissions is highly speculative."[18]
In a 2007 speech to the New York Coal Trade Association, Murray called Al Gore "the shaman of global gloom and doom" and added "he is more dangerous than his global warming."[56]
Murray was an opponent of proposed global warming legislation in Congress, saying:
We produce a product that is essential to the standard of living of every American, because our coal produces 52% of the energy in America today, and it is the lowest cost energy, costing one-third to one-fourth the cost of energy from natural gas, nuclear and renewable energy resources. And without coal to manufacture electricity, our products will not compete in the global marketplace against foreign countries, because our manufacturers depend on coal, low-cost electricity and people on fixed incomes will not be able to pay their electric bills. Every one of those global warming bills that have been introduced into Congress today eliminates the coal industry and will increase your electric rates, four to five fold.[57]
Following the presidential election in November 2016, Murray pressed for Donald Trump to withdraw the United States from all international agreements on climate change and stated: "so-called global warming is a total hoax."[58]
Personal life[]
Murray resided in Moreland Hills, Ohio, with his wife, Brenda Lou Moore. They had three children.[16][59]
Murray stated that he suffered from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis,[60] a scarring of the lung tissue leading to shortness of breath. In September 2020, he filed application for black lung benefits with the U.S. Department of Labor.[61] While running coal mining companies, Murray disputed claims filed by miners for black lung benefits and was an advocate against federal regulations intended to reduce black lung.[61]
Death[]
Murray died on October 25, 2020, at the age of 80, less than a week after he announced his retirement.[62][63]
Philanthropy[]
In 2009, Murray Energy donated $20,000 to support the development of a state-of-the-art mine training facility at West Virginia University[64] and $10,000 to support the construction of a similar facility at Southeastern Illinois College.[65] Murray also made a personal gift of $1 million to the West Virginia University Research Trust Fund—the largest single donation in the fund's history—and the university established the Robert E. Murray Chairmanship of Mining Engineering in his honor.[66]
In 2018, Murray donated over $1.2 million to a project to construct a new building at the East Richland Christian School.[67] The 28,000 square foot center is planned to house a gymnasium, kitchen, and classrooms for use by the school, local church, and wider community.[67]
Murray was an active volunteer with the Ohio River Valley Council of the Boy Scouts of America.[68]
References[]
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- ^ Bob Murray, Outspoken Coal Baron Who Fought EPA, Dies at 80
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- ^ Dreger, Douglas S.; Ford, Sean R.; Walter, William R. (July 11, 2008). "Source Analysis of the Crandall Canyon, Utah, Mine Collapse" (PDF). Science. 321 (5886): 217. Bibcode:2008Sci...321..217D. doi:10.1126/science.1157392. PMID 18621662. S2CID 206512498. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 9, 2017. Retrieved January 13, 2020 – via the UC Berkeley Seismology Lab.
- ^ Ford, Sean; Dreger, Douglas; Walter, William; Hellweg, Margaret; Uhrhammer, Robert (August 11, 2007). "Seismic Moment Tensor Report for the 06 Aug 2007, M3.9 Seismic event in central Utah". Berkeley Seismological Laboratory. Archived from the original on June 26, 2017. Retrieved January 13, 2020.
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- ^ Jump up to: a b c Bennett, David (February 5, 2005). "Mining for Answers" (PDF). Crain's Cleveland Business. 27 (6). pp. 1, 19. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 13, 2020. Retrieved January 13, 2020.
- ^ Banerjee, Neela (August 29, 2012). "Ohio miners say they were forced to attend Romney rally". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on May 30, 2013. Retrieved September 2, 2012.
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- ^ "Murray Energy GOP Donations 2016". Open Secrets. Retrieved March 2, 2018.
- ^ Friedman, Lisa (January 10, 2018). "How a Coal Baron's Wish List Became President Trump's To-Do List". The New York Times. Archived from the original on April 22, 2018. Retrieved November 12, 2019.
The memo was written by Robert E. Murray, a longtime Trump supporter who donated $300,000 to the president’s inauguration. In it, Murray, the head of Murray Energy, presented Trump with a wish list of environmental rollbacks just weeks after the inauguration.
- ^ Gearino, Dan (October 29, 2019). "Coal Giant Murray Energy Files for Bankruptcy Despite Trump's Support". InsideClimate News. Archived from the original on December 18, 2019. Retrieved November 2, 2019.
- ^ Brady, Jeff (November 7, 2019). "Despite Bankruptcy And Illness, Bob Murray Remains A Loud Voice For Coal". Morning Edition. NPR. Archived from the original on January 8, 2020. Retrieved January 13, 2020.
- ^ Peters, Jonathan (May 28, 2014). "A coal magnate's latest lawsuit was tossed—but Ohio can do more to defend free expression". Columbia Journalism Review. Archived from the original on August 29, 2017.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Oliver, John (November 10, 2019). SLAPP Suits: Last Week Tonight with John Oliver (HBO). Last Week Tonight. Retrieved November 10, 2019 – via YouTube.
- ^ "Murray Energy vs. WV Gazette". Belmont County Common Pleas Court. October 30, 2012. Case No. 12 CV 341. Retrieved November 13, 2012 – via Scribd.
- ^ Locker, Melissa (June 18, 2017). "John Oliver and a Giant Squirrel Picked a Fight with the Coal Industry on Last Week Tonight". Time. Archived from the original on January 12, 2020.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Oliver, John (June 18, 2017). Coal: Last Week Tonight with John Oliver (HBO). Last Week Tonight – via YouTube.
- ^ Woodruff, Betsy (June 21, 2017). "Republican Coal King Sues HBO Over John Oliver's Show". The Daily Beast. Archived from the original on June 18, 2018. Retrieved June 21, 2017.
- ^ Puente, Maria (June 22, 2017). "Murray Energy sues John Oliver, HBO over coal-industry story". USA Today. Archived from the original on July 20, 2018. Retrieved June 23, 2017.
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- ^ The Marshall County Coal Company, The Marion County Coal Company, The Harrison County Coal Company, The Ohio County Coal Company, Murray Energy Corporation, And Robert E. Murray, Plaintiffs, V. John Oliver, Charles Wilson, Partially Important Productions, LLC, Home Box Office, Inc., Time Warner Inc., And Does 1through 10 (United States District Court for the Northern District of West Virginia January 8, 2017).Text
- ^ Michael Phillis (August 11, 2017). "Defamation Suit Against John Oliver Remanded To W.Va". Law360.
- ^ French, Leonard (February 23, 2018). "Murray Energy lawsuit against John Oliver DISMISSED". Lawful Masses. Archived from the original on January 3, 2020. Retrieved February 24, 2012.
- ^ Horton, Adrian (November 11, 2019). "John Oliver takes on muzzling lawsuits – and the man who sued his show". The Guardian. Archived from the original on January 6, 2020. Retrieved November 10, 2019.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Martinelli, Marissa (November 11, 2019). "John Oliver Taunts Coal Baron Enraged by Giant Talking Squirrel with Giant Singing Squirrels". Slate. Archived from the original on December 21, 2019. Retrieved November 11, 2019.
- ^ Schaffstall, Katherine (November 11, 2019). ""Eat S***, Bob!": John Oliver Takes Aim at Coal Tycoon Bob Murray With Musical Number, Fiery Segment". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on December 17, 2019. Retrieved January 13, 2020.
- ^ Jamieson, Dave (July 9, 2015). "'Kiss My Ass, Bob': A Miner Challenged Coal Magnate Bob Murray. Now He's Fighting For His Job". The Huffington Post. Archived from the original on June 11, 2019. Retrieved January 13, 2020.
- ^ Jamieson, Dave (April 7, 2016). "How To Tell Your Boss To Kiss Your Ass, And Get Away With It". The Huffington Post. Archived from the original on October 30, 2019. Retrieved January 13, 2020.
- ^ Perkins, Dennis (November 11, 2019). "John Oliver gloriously demonstrates why rich assholes really shouldn't sue John Oliver". The A.V. Club. Archived from the original on January 12, 2020. Retrieved November 11, 2019.
- ^ Romboy, Dennis (August 8, 2007). "Heated defense of mining not odd for owner Murray". Deseret News. Archived from the original on November 19, 2019. Retrieved August 10, 2007.
- ^ "Briefing on Rescue Attempts for Six Trapped Utah Miners | Transcript". CNN Newsroom. August 7, 2007. Archived from the original on July 20, 2013. Retrieved January 13, 2020.
- ^ Loh, Tim (November 10, 2016). "Trump May 'Dig' Coal, But Industry's Outlook Is Flat at Best". Bloomberg News. Archived from the original on September 1, 2017. Retrieved April 3, 2017.
- ^ Tizon, Thomas Alex (August 9, 2007). "Mine's part-owner sings praises of the work as he reports on collapse that has trapped six". The Detroit News. Retrieved on August 10, 2007.[dead link]
- ^ Woodruff, Betsy (June 22, 2017). "Republican Coal King Sues HBO Over John Oliver's Show". The Daily Beast. Archived from the original on March 19, 2018. Retrieved June 22, 2017.
- ^ Jump up to: a b "Bob Murray, Who Fought Against Black Lung Regulations As A Coal Operator, Has Filed For Black Lung Benefits". WVPB. October 1, 2020. Retrieved October 1, 2020.
- ^ Goulding, Gage (October 25, 2020). "Founder of Murray Energy, Bob Murray, dead at 80". WTOV. Retrieved October 26, 2020.
- ^ "Coal magnate Robert Murray dies; he long fought regulators". Washington Post. Associated Press. ISSN 0190-8286. Archived from the original on October 30, 2020. Retrieved October 26, 2020.
- ^ October 21, 2009; WVU dedicates new coal mining simulator; SNL Energy Daily Coal Report. Retrieved November 2, 2009.
- ^ "Local mine donates to training operation". The Daily Register. Harrisburg, Illinois. September 11, 2009.
- ^ October 2009; Robert E. Murray Chairmanship in Mining Engineering established at WVU; Coal News. Retrieved November 2, 2009.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Hanson, Shelley (July 29, 2018). "December finish expected for new Ickes Family Life Center". The Times Leader. Martins Ferry, Ohio. Archived from the original on December 4, 2018. Retrieved March 27, 2019.
- ^ Wendell, Bryan (May 31, 2019). "13 Scouters to receive 2019 Silver Buffalo Award, Scouting's top honor for volunteers". Scouting Magazine.
External links[]
- "Robert E. Murray's federal campaign contribution report". Archived from the original on October 5, 2007.
- "After Obama reelection coal company CEO reads prayer to staff, announces layoffs". The Washington Post.
- Kimberley Strassel (May 19, 2007). "Coal Man". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on January 12, 2020.
- 1940 births
- 2020 deaths
- 20th-century American businesspeople
- 21st-century American businesspeople
- American businesspeople in the coal industry
- American chief executives
- Last Week Tonight with John Oliver
- Ohio Republicans
- Ohio State University College of Engineering alumni
- People from Cuyahoga County, Ohio
- Businesspeople from Ohio
- Deaths from respiratory disease