Robert French

The Honourable Robert French AC
12th Chief Justice of Australia
In office 1 September 2008 – 29 January 2017
Nominated by	Kevin Rudd
Appointed by	Michael Jeffery
Preceded by	Murray Gleeson
Succeeded by	Susan Kiefel
Non-Permanent Judge of the Court of Final Appeal of Hong Kong
Incumbent
Assumed office 31 May 2017
Appointed by	Leung Chun-ying
Personal details
Born	(1947-03-19) 19 March 1947 (age 74) Perth, Western Australia
Nationality	Australia
Spouse(s)	Valerie
Children	3
Chinese name
Chinese	范禮全
showTranscriptions Yue: Cantonese Yale Romanization Faahn Láih Chyùhn Jyutping Faan6 Lai5 Cyun4

Robert Shenton French AC (born 19 March 1947) is a retired Australian lawyer and judge who served as the twelfth Chief Justice of Australia, in office from 2008 to 2017. He has been the chancellor of the University of Western Australia since 2017.^[1]

French was born in Perth, Western Australia, and is a graduate of the University of Western Australia. He was admitted as a barrister and solicitor in 1972, and appointed to the Federal Court in 1986, serving as a justice on that court until his elevation to the High Court. He also held a number of other positions during that time, notably serving as chancellor of Edith Cowan University (1991–1997), chairman of the National Native Title Tribunal (1994–1998), and on the Supreme Court of Fiji (2003–2008). In July 2008, Prime Minister Kevin Rudd named French to succeed Murray Gleeson as chief justice, taking office just over a month later. He became the first chief justice from Western Australia, and the third justice overall (after Sir Ronald Wilson and John Toohey).^[2]

Early life and education[]

French was educated at St. Louis School (now John XXIII College) in Perth.^{[3][dead link]} Notably, he was one of two students from Western Australia to attend the International Science School, then known as the Nuclear Research Foundation Summer Science School, in 1964 at the University of Sydney.^[4]

French attended the University of Western Australia in Perth, where he graduated with a Bachelor of Science in Physics in 1968.^[5][6] He then continued with further study at the University of Western Australia, earning a Bachelor of Laws in 1971. He was President of the University's Liberal Club^[7] and served briefly as treasurer of the University of Western Australia Student Guild.^{[citation needed]}

Career[]

In 1969, at the age of 22, French contested the safe Labor Federal seat of Fremantle for the Liberal Party, which he lost to Kim Beazley, Sr..^[7] He is a close friend of Kim Beazley, Jr..^[2] French served as President of the Fremantle Branch of the Liberal Party and hence on the State Executive of the Party.

In 1972, French was admitted as a barrister and solicitor in Western Australia.^[4] He worked on important cases, such as the High Court case, Yager v The Queen,^[8] which focused on complex matters of law and botanical science.^[9]

The Hawke government appointed French to the Federal Court in 1986, at the age of 39.^[10]

During the Tampa Affair, French was part of the Full Court of the Federal Court that reversed the order of habeas corpus that had been earlier granted by a single judge.^[11]

Chief Justice French (right) swearing in Governor-General Peter Cosgrove in March 2014.

On 30 July 2008, Prime Minister Kevin Rudd announced that French would succeed Murray Gleeson as Chief Justice of the High Court of Australia.^[12] He was sworn in on 1 September 2008.^[13] He is the first Chief Justice of the High Court not to have taken silk at appointment.

French has served on numerous bodies including as part-time Commissioner of the Australian Law Reform Commission (2006–08), Additional Judge of the Supreme Court of the ACT (2004–08), Judge of the Supreme Court of Fiji (2003–08), President of the National Native Title Tribunal (1994–98), Council Member of the (1992-08), Chancellor of Edith Cowan University (1991–97), Member of the Law Reform Commission of Western Australia (1986), Chairman of the (1986), Associate Member of the Australian Trade Practices Commission (1983–86), member of the Legal Aid Commission of Western Australia (1983–86), Member of the (1979–86), and Chairman of the Aboriginal Legal Service of Western Australia (1973–75).^[3]

On 18 January 2017, French was appointed a non-permanent judge of the Court of Final Appeal of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. He is given a Chinese name "范禮全" by the Hong Kong Judiciary.^[14]

French retired as Chief Justice on 29 January 2017. He was succeeded by Susan Kiefel.^[15]

On 20 June 2017, the University of Western Australia announced French's appointment as UWA's fifteenth chancellor. He succeeded Dr Michael Chaney AO as chancellor on November 2017.^[16]

Beliefs and positions[]

On politics[]

Although once the President of the Liberal Club of the University of Western Australia, French's views are described as being closer to social progressive,^[17] small-L liberal,^[18] and moderate.^[19]

On republicanism[]

French said in a WA Law Society speech in May 2008:^[2]

"It is unacceptable in contemporary Australia that the legal head of the Australian state... can never be chosen by the people or their representatives, cannot be other than a member of the Anglican Church, can never be other than British and can never be an indigenous person."

On indigenous issues[]

Justice French is known for working for the rights of Indigenous Australians: in the early 1970s, he helped found the WA Aboriginal Legal Service.^[2] He was also the first president of the National Native Title Tribunal.

At his swearing-in ceremony as Chief Justice, French specifically referred to the long history of indigenous Australia:

Recognition of their presence is no mere platitude. The history of Australia's indigenous people dwarfs, in its temporal sweep, the history that gave rise to the Constitution under which this court was created. Our awareness and recognition of that history is becoming, if it has not already become, part of our national identity.^[20]

However, the 'French Testing' incident has coloured the legacy of French on indigenous issues. French admitted his 'error' when he explained the incident:[2]

As I soon discovered, the responsibilities of an administrator trying to develop procedures to implement a legal process are very different from those of a judge required to decide a particular case about whether an administrator's decision is legally flawed. The Tribunal was judicially reviewed on many occasions. The high point or low point, depending on your point of view, occurred after I had refused registration of a claim by the Waanyi people over land the subject of the proposed Century Zinc mine in North Queensland. I refused registration on the basis that the application could not succeed because of the extinguishing effects of historical pastoral leases in the area. I took the view that observations about the extinguishing effects of leases made by Brennan J in Mabo put the matter beyond doubt. My refusal to register the claim was an administrative act in the application of a test designed to screen out hopeless claims. The decision was overturned by the High Court in North Ganalanja[2] with such moral enthusiasm that the Court gave judgment immediately and reasons later. In so doing, it described my approach as "tantamount to a proleptic exercise of federal jurisdiction". To add insult to injury, members of the Waanyi people were sitting in Court wearing T-shirts with the message "Ban French Testing". I have no doubt, in retrospect, that I was properly found to have been in error. The considerations influencing my approach were those of the administrator, the urgent need to get the process moving and to establish its credibility in the face of ongoing attacks. There was a legal bottleneck on the issue of the relationship between pastoral leases and native title which was not resolved until the decision in Wik. Many ill-prepared applications were being lodged and upon registration were entitled to procedural rights affecting third party interests particularly in relation to mining and the release of Crown land for development around regional centres. I learned a useful lesson from all of this and that is that the worldview and culture of the administrator which I had adopted is very different from that of the courts.

Awards[]

• Honorary Doctor of Laws, Edith Cowan University, 1998
• Western Australian Citizen of the Year – Professions, 1998
• Centenary Medal, 2001, for service as President of the National Native Title Tribunal and as a Federal Court judge^[21]
• Companion of the Order of Australia, 2010, for eminent service to the law and to the judiciary, to legal education and administration in the areas of constitutional, competition and native title law, and to legal reform.^[22]
• Life Fellow, Australian Academy of Law^[23]

Personal life[]

French is a fan of the Fremantle Dockers AFL team.^[24] He is married to Valerie J. French, who completed her LL.B. at the University of Western Australia in 1971 and has served as the President of the Children's Court of Western Australia.^[6][25]

References[]