Robert J. Desnick

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Robert J. Desnick, Ph.D., M.D.
Robert J. Desnick.jpg
Born (1943-07-12) July 12, 1943 (age 78)
Minneapolis, MN
NationalityAmerican
Alma materUniversity of Minnesota Medical School
Known fortranslational research in genetics and genomics; research on inherited metabolic diseases
AwardsE. Mead Johnson Award (1981)
Scientific career
Fieldshuman genetics and genomics
InstitutionsMount Sinai Hospital

Robert J. Desnick, Ph.D., M.D., D.Sc. (Hon) (born July 12, 1943) is a human geneticist whose basic and translational research accomplishments include significant discoveries in genomics, pharmacogenetics, gene therapy, personalized medicine, and the treatment of genetic diseases. His translational research has led to the development of enzyme replacement therapy for Fabry disease,[1][2] Niemann–Pick disease type B (pending FDA/EMA approvals), and RNA Interference Therapy for the .[3] He was the co-founder of Amicus Therapeutics, a biopharmaceutical company developing pharmacologic chaperone therapies (Galafold approved 2018[4]), and served as the Chairman of the Scientific Advisory Committees (SAC) of Synageva BioPharma [5] and Pharmaceuticals. The enzyme therapy developed in his laboratory and licensed to Genzyme as Fabrazyme, along with Cerazyme for Gaucher disease, helped build the rare disease company Genzyme, which has spawned more CEOs than any other company in history following its 2011 sale to Sanofi for $20.1 billion.[6]

Desnick is the Dean for Genetics and Genomic Medicine, and Professor and Chairman Emeritus of the Department of Genetics & Genomic Sciences at The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai in New York City. Additionally, he is Professor of Pediatrics, Professor of Oncological Sciences, and Professor of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Science at The Mount Sinai Hospital.

Desnick is the author of more than 590 peer-reviewed articles in scientific journals, 250 book chapters and is the editor of 10 books. He holds 26 US issued and licensed patents[7] and is included in Castle Connelly's lists of Best Doctors in America and Best Doctors in New York and New York Magazine’s list of the Best Doctors every year since the inception of the rating.[8][9] He was elected to the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine in 2004.[10]

Biography[]

Desnick received his undergraduate degree from the University of Minnesota in 1965. He earned a Ph.D. in genetics from the University of Minnesota Graduate School in 1970 and his M.D. from the University of Minnesota Medical School in 1971. He completed an internship and a residency in pediatrics at the University of Minnesota Hospitals and joined the faculty at the University of Minnesota, where he rose to the rank of Associate Professor of Cell Biology and Genetics and Pediatrics.

Desnick joined the staff at Mount Sinai Medical Center in 1977, as the Arthur J. and Nellie Z. Cohen Professor of Pediatrics and Genetics and Chief of the Division of Medical and Molecular Genetics. He was the first Chairman of the newly created Department of Human Genetics in 1993, which was renamed the Department of Genetics & Genomic Sciences in 2006. In 2009, he became Dean for Genetics & Genomic Medicine and Interim Director of the newly established Genomics Institute at Mount Sinai. He is currently Professor of Pediatrics, Oncological Sciences, Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Science, Gene and Cell Medicine and Professor and Chairman Emeritus of Genetics & Genomic Sciences.[11]

Desnick is an elected member of the Society for Pediatric Research, the American Pediatric Society, the American Society for Clinical Investigation, and the Association of American Physicians. He is an elected Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and an elected member of the National Academy of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences.[12] His research awards include the E. H. Ahrens, Jr. Award for Research from the Association for Patient-Oriented Research and the Award for Excellence in Clinical Research from the National Center for Research Resources from the National Institutes of Health. He received the Outstanding Achievement Award from the University of Minnesota.

Desnick is a past director of the American Board of Medical Genetics, a Founding Diplomat of the American College of Medical Genetics, a past member of the board of directors of the American College of Medical Genetics Foundation, and a founder and past-president of the Association of Professors of Human and Medical Genetics.[13][14] He is past chair of the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC), past member of the AAMC Board of Directors and past chair of the AAMC Council of Academic Societies. He is currently the President of the American Porphyrias Expert Collaborative.

Personal life[]

He lives in New York City and Palm Beach with his wife, Julie Herzig Desnick, and son, Jonathan Desnick. Julie is an Abstract Expressionist painter and a LEED-certified, Registered Architect.

He is a Trustee of the American School of Classical Studies in Athens.[15]

Fellowships and awards[]

Partial list:

Grants[]

Partial list:[13]

Patents[]

Patent No. Title
10,188,705    Dose escalation enzyme replacement therapy for treating acid sphingomyelinase deficiency[21]   
10,125,364    Compositions and methods for inhibiting expression of the ALAS1 gene[22]
10,119,143    Compositions and methods for inhibiting expression of the ALAS1 gene[23]   
10,400,239 Compositions and methods for inhibiting expression of the ALAS1 gene[24]
9,994,898 Materials and methods for identifying spinal muscular atrophy carriers[25]   
9,655,954    Dose escalation enzyme replacement therapy for treating acid sphingomyelinase deficiency[26]   
9,631,193    Compositions and methods for inhibiting expression of the ALAS1 gene[27]   
9,133,461    Compositions and methods for inhibiting expression of the ALAS1 gene[28]       
9,114,139 Dose escalation enzyme replacement therapy for treating acid sphingomyelinase deficiency[29]
8,709,408    Dose escalation enzyme replacement therapy for treating acid sphingomyelinase deficiency[30]   
8,658,162    Dose escalation enzyme replacement therapy for treating acid sphingomyelinase deficiency[31]   
8,349,319    Dose escalation enzyme replacement therapy for treating acid sphingomyelinase deficiency[32]   
7,750,050    Chaperone-based therapy for Niemann-Pick disease[33]
6,583,158 Method for enhancing mutant enzyme activities in lysosomal storage disorders [34]
6,541,218 Acid sphingomyelinase protein and methods of treating type B Niemann-Pick disease[35]
6,455,037 Cells expressing an .alpha.gala nucleic acid and methods of xenotransplantation[36]
5,840,578 Methods for determining susceptibility to lead poisoning[37]
5,830,850 Methods for the treatment of bone resorption disorders, including osteoporosis[38]
5,773,278 Acid sphingomyelinase gene[39]
5,686,240 Acid sphingomyelinase gene and diagnosis of Niemann-Pick disease[40]
5,639,607 Method and kits for detecting a polymorphism in delta.-aminolevulinate dehydratase gene which is associated with an altered susceptibility to lead poisoning[41]
5,580,757 Cloning and expression of biologically active alpha-galactosidase A as a fusion protein[42]
5,491,075 Cloning and expression of biologically active alpha N-acetylgalactosaminidase[43]
5,401,650 Cloning and expression of biologically active alpha-galactosidase A[44]
5,382,524 Cloning and expression of biologically active alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase[45]
5,356,804 Cloning and expression of biologically active human alpha-galactosidase A[46]

Books[]

  • Desnick, R. J., Bernlohr, R. W. and Krivit, W., eds.: Enzyme Therapy in Genetic Diseases, Birth Defects Original Article Series. Vol. IX, No. 2. The National Foundation, New York, pp. 236, 1973. ISBN 0-683-06367-7
  • Rubenstein, I., Phillips, R. L., Green, C. E. and Desnick, R. J., eds.: Molecular Genetic Modification of Eucaryotes, Academic Press, New York, pp. 171, 1977. ASIN B000N5X2F2
  • Desnick, R. J., ed.: Enzyme Therapy in Genetic Diseases: 2, Alan R. Liss, Inc., New York, pp. 544, 1980. ISBN 0-8451-1035-7
  • Desnick, R. J., Patterson, D. F. and Scarpelli, D. F., eds.: Animal Models of Inherited Metabolic Diseases. Alan R. Liss, Inc., New York, pp. 519, 1982. ASIN B0028IQ4KC
  • Desnick, R. J., Gatt, S. and Grabowski, G. A., eds.: Gaucher Disease: A Century of Delineation and Research, Alan R. Liss, Inc., New York, pp. 740, 1982. ISBN 0-8451-0095-5
  • Bishop, D. F. and Desnick, R. J., eds.: Assays of the Heme Biosynthetic Enzymes. Enzyme 28:1–232, 1982. ISBN 978-3-8055-3573-1
  • Tada, K., Colombo, J. P. and Desnick, R. J., eds.: Recent Advances in Inborn Errors of Metabolism. Karger, Basel, pp. 332, 1987. ISBN 3-8055-4772-2
  • Desnick, R. J., ed.: Treatment of Genetic Diseases, Churchill Livingstone, Inc., New York, pp. 331, 1991. ISBN 0-443-08773-3
  • Desnick, R. J. and Kaback, M. M., eds.: Tay–Sachs Disease, Academic Press, pp. 1–360, 2001. ISBN 0-12-017644-0

Publications[]

Partial list:

  • Ziegler, RJ, Cherry, M, Barbon, CM, Li, C, Bercury, SD, Armentano, D, Desnick, RJ, Cheng, SH: Correction of the biochemical and functional deficits in Fabry mice following AAV8-mediated hepatic expression of alpha-galactosidase A Mol. Ther. 15:492–500, 2007. doi:10.1038/sj.mt.6300066 PMID 17191071
  • Germain, DP, Waldek, S, Banikazemi, M, Bushinsky, DA, Charrow, J, Desnick, RJ, Lee, P, Loew, T, Vedder, AC, Abichandani, R, Wilcox, WR, and Guffon, N: Sustained, long-term renal stabilization after 54 months of agalsidase beta therapy in patients with Fabry disease J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 18:1547–1557, 2007. doi:10.1681/ASN.2006080816 PMID 17409312
  • Grace, ME, Balwani, M, Nazarenko, I, Prakash-Cheng, A, and Desnick, RJ: Type 1 Gaucher disease: Null and hypomorphic novel chitotriosidase mutations- implications for diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring. Hum. Mutat. 28:866–873, 2007. doi:10.1002/humu.20524 PMID 17464953
  • Desnick, R. J: Prenatal diagnosis of Fabry disease Prenat. Diag. 27:693–694, 2007. doi:10.1002/pd.1767 PMID 17533632
  • Scott, SA, Edelmann, L, Kornreich, R, Erazo, M and Desnick, RJ: CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and CYP2D6 allele frequencies in the Ashkenazi Jewish population. Pharmacogenomics 8:721–730, 2007. doi:10.2217/14622416.8.7.721 PMID 18240905
  • Yasuda, M, Domaradzki, M, Bishop, DF, and Desnick, RJ: Acute intermittent porphyria: Vector optimization for gene therapy J. Gene Med. 9:806–911, 2007. doi:10.1002/jgm.1074 PMID 17654633
  • Cunha, L, Kuti, M, Bishop, DF, Mezei, M, Zeng, L, Zhou, MM and Desnick, RJ: Human uroporphyrinogen III synthase: NMR-based mapping of the active site. Proteins 71:855–873, 2008. doi:10.1002/prot.21755 PMID 18004775
  • Scott, SA, Edelmann, L, Kornreich, R and Desnick, RJ: Warfarin pharmacogenetics: CYP2C9 and VKORC1 genotype predict different sensitivities and resistance frequencies in the Ashkenazi and Sephardi Jewish populations. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 82:495–500, 2008. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2007.10.002 PMID 18252229
  • McGovern, MM, Wasserstein, MP, Giugliani, R, Bembi, B, Vanier, M, Mengel, E, Brodie, SE, Mendelson, D, Skloot, G, Schuchman, EH Kuriyama, N, Desnick, RJ, and Cox, GF: A prospective, crosssectional survey study of the natural history of Niemann-Pick disease Type B. Pediatrics 122: e341-349, 2008. doi:10.1542/peds.2007-3016 PMID 18625664
  • Schiffmann, R, Banikazemi, M, Bultas, J, Linthorst, GE, Packman, S, Warnock, D, Asger Sorensen, S, Wilcox, WR, and Desnick, RJ: Fabry disease: progression of nephropathy, and prevalence of cardiac and cerebrovascular events before enzyme replacement therapy Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 24:2102–2111, 2009. doi:10.1093/ndt/gfp031 PMID 19218538
  • Benjamin, ER, Flanagan, JJ, Schilling, A, Chang, HH, Agarwal, L, Datz, E, Wu, X, Pine, C, Wustman, B, Desnick, RJ, Lockhart, DJ, and Valenzano, KJ: The pharmacological chaperone 1-deoxygalactonojirimycin increases α-galactosidase A levels in Fabry patient cell lines. J. Inherit. Dis. 3:424–440, 2009. doi:10.1007/s10545-009-1077-0 PMID 19387866
  • Hwu, WL, Chien, YH, Lee, NC, Chiang, SC, Huang, AC, Yeh, HY, Chao, MC, Lin, SJ, Kitagawa, T, Hse, LW, Desnick, RJ, and Hsu, LW: Newborn screening for Fabry disease in Taiwan reveals a high incidence of the later-onset mutation, IVS4+919G>A. Hum. Mutat., June 26, 2009. PMID 19621417
  • Scott, SA, Jaremko, M, Lubitz, S, Halperin, JL, Desnick, RJ: CYP2C9*8 is prevalent in African-Americans: implications for pharmacogenetic dosing. Pharmacogenomics 10:1243–1255, 2009. PMID 1963669
  • Galende, E., Karakikes, I., Edelmann, L., Desnick, R. J., Kerenyi, T., Khoueiry, G., Lafferty, J., McGinn, J. T., Brodman, M., Fuster, V., Hajjar, R. J., and Polgar, K. Amniotic fluid cells are more efficiently reprogrammed to pluripotency than adult cells. Cloning Stem Cells [Epub] Dec. 17, 2009. PMID 20677926 doi:10.1089/cell.2009.0077
  • Khanna, R, Soska, R, Lun, Y, Feng, J, Frascella, M, Young, B, Brignol, N, Pellegrino, L, Sitaraman, SA, Desnick, RJ, Benjamin, ER, Lockhart, DJ and Valenzano, KJ: The pharmacological chaperone 1-deoxygalactonojirimycin reduces tissue globotriaosylceramide levels in a mouse model of Fabry disease. Mol. Ther. 18:23–33, 2010. doi:10.1038/mt.2009.220 PMID 19773742
  • Yasuda, M, Bishop, DF, Gan, L, Fowkes, M, Ziegler, R, Cheng, SH, and Desnick, RJ: AAV8-mediated gene therapy prevents induced biochemical attacks of acute intermittent porphyria. Mol. Ther. 18:17–22, 2010. doi:10.1038/mt.2009.250 PMID 19861948
  • Wozniak, M, Kittner, S, Tuhrim, S, Cole, J, Stern, B, Dobbins, M, Grace, M, Nazarenko, I, Dobrovolny, R, McDade, E, Desnick, RJ: Frequency of unrecognized Fabry disease among young European-American and African-American men with first ischemic stroke. Stroke 41: 78–81, 2010. doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.109.558320 PMID 20007919

References[]

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  2. ^ "The American Porphyria Foundation". Retrieved 2010-03-01.
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  5. ^ "Alexion To Acquire To Strengthen Global Leadership". Retrieved May 2015. Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  6. ^ Staff, Robert Weisman Globe; July 11; 2015; Comments, 8:32 p m Email to a Friend Share on Facebook Share on TwitterPrint this Article View. "How Genzyme became a source of biotech executives - The Boston Globe". BostonGlobe.com. Retrieved 2021-05-05.CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  7. ^ "United States Patent Office". Retrieved 2010-03-01.
  8. ^ "National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc". Archived from the original on 2009-07-25. Retrieved 2010-03-01.
  9. ^ "New York Magazine: Best Doctors 2009". Retrieved 2010-03-01.
  10. ^ "Directory – Institute of Medicine". Retrieved 2010-03-01.
  11. ^ "Mount Sinai Hospital – Doctor profile". Retrieved 2015-04-09.
  12. ^ "Awards, Appointments, Announcements". Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 96 (22): 1658. 2004-11-17. doi:10.1093/jnci/96.22.1658.
  13. ^ a b "ResearchCrossroads". Archived from the original on July 27, 2011. Retrieved 2010-03-01.
  14. ^ "MyNewsdesk". Retrieved 2010-03-01.[dead link]
  15. ^ http://www.ascsa.edu.gr/index.php/about/trustee-list. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  16. ^ "Alumni Award Recipients". alumni.icahn.mssm.edu. Retrieved 2019-03-13.
  17. ^ "Distinguished Alumni Award". Medical School – University of Minnesota. 11 November 2014. Retrieved April 29, 2016.
  18. ^ "Two Mount Sinai Researchers Named "Inventors of the Year" by the New York Intellectual Property Law Association | Mount Sinai Innovation Partners". 28 June 2013. Retrieved 2019-03-13.
  19. ^ "Dr. Robert J. Desnick, MD, Ph.D - 2017 Rare Impact Award Honoree". NORD (National Organization for Rare Disorders). 2017-03-15. Retrieved 2019-03-13.
  20. ^ "CBS Recognizes Three Outstanding Alumni | College of Biological Sciences". cbs.umn.edu. Retrieved 2019-03-13.
  21. ^ 10188705, Schuchman, Edward H.; Desnick, Robert J. & Cox, Gerald F. et al., "United States Patent: 10188705 - Dose escalation enzyme replacement therapy for treating acid sphingomyelinase deficiency", issued January 29, 2019 
  22. ^ 10125364, Bettencourt, Brian; Fitzgerald, Kevin & Querbes, William et al., "United States Patent: 10125364 - Compositions and methods for inhibiting expression of the ALAS1 gene", issued November 13, 2018 
  23. ^ 10119143, Bettencourt, Brian; Fitzgerald, Kevin & Querbes, William et al., "United States Patent: 10119143 - Compositions and methods for inhibiting expression of the ALAS1 gene", issued November 6, 2018 
  24. ^ http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-adv.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PTXT&p=1&S1=(Desnick+AND+%22alas1+gene%22)&OS=Desnick+AND+%22alas1+gene%22&RS=(Desnick+AND+%22alas1+gene%22)
  25. ^ "United States Patent: 9994898". patft.uspto.gov. Retrieved 2019-05-20.
  26. ^ 9655954, Schuchman, Edward H.; Desnick, Robert J. & Cox, Gerald F. et al., "United States Patent: 9655954 - Dose escalation enzyme replacement therapy for treating acid sphingomyelinase deficiency", issued May 23, 2017 
  27. ^ 9631193, Bettencourt, Brian; Fitzgerald, Kevin & Querbes, William et al., "United States Patent: 9631193 - Compositions and methods for inhibiting expression of the ALAS1 gene", issued April 25, 2017 
  28. ^ 9133461, Bettencourt, Brian; Fitzgerald, Kevin & Querbes, William et al., "United States Patent: 9133461 - Compositions and methods for inhibiting expression of the ALAS1 gene", issued September 15, 2015 
  29. ^ http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-adv.htm&r=14&f=G&l=50&d=PTXT&p=1&S1=(Desnick+AND+%22dose+escalation%22)&OS=Desnick+AND+%22dose+escalation%22&RS=(Desnick+AND+%22dose+escalation%22)
  30. ^ 8709408, Schuchman, Edward H.; Desnick, Robert J. & Cox, Gerald F. et al., "United States Patent: 8709408 - Dose escalation enzyme replacement therapy for treating acid sphingomyelinase deficiency", issued April 29, 2014 
  31. ^ 8658162, Schuchman, Edward H.; Desnick, Robert J. & Cox, Gerald F. et al., "United States Patent: 8658162 - Dose escalation enzyme replacement therapy for treating acid sphingomyelinase deficiency", issued February 25, 2014 
  32. ^ 8349319, Schuchman, Edward H.; Desnick, Robert J. & Cox, Gerald F. et al., "United States Patent: 8349319 - Dose escalation enzyme replacement therapy for treating acid sphingomyelinase deficiency", issued January 8, 2013 
  33. ^ 7750050, Schuchman, Edward H. & Desnick, Robert J., "United States Patent: 7750050 - Chaperone-based therapy for Niemann-Pick disease", issued July 6, 2010 
  34. ^ "USPTO: Method for enhancing mutant enzyme activities in lysosomal storage disorders". Retrieved 2015-04-09.
  35. ^ "USPTO: Acid sphingomyelinase protein and methods of treating type B Niemann-Pick disease".
  36. ^ "USPTO: Cells expressing an .alpha.gala nucleic acid and methods of xenotransplantation".
  37. ^ "USPTO: Methods for determining susceptibility to lead poisoning".
  38. ^ "USPTO: Methods for the treatment of bone resorption disorders, including osteoporosis".
  39. ^ "USPTO: Acid sphingomyelinase gene".
  40. ^ "USPTO: Acid sphingomyelinase gene and diagnosis of Niemann-Pick disease".
  41. ^ "USPTO: Method and kits for detecting a polymorphism in delta.-aminolevulinate dehydratase gene which is associated with an altered susceptibility to lead poisoning".
  42. ^ "USPTO: Cloning and expression of biologically active alpha-galactosidase A as a fusion protein".
  43. ^ "USPTO: Cloning and expression of biologically active alpha N-acetylgalactosaminidase".
  44. ^ "USPTO: Cloning and expression of biologically active alpha-galactosidase A".
  45. ^ "USPTO: Cloning and expression of biologically active alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase".
  46. ^ "Cloning and expression of biologically active human alpha-galactosidase A".

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