Romanization of Korean (North)

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Korean writing systems
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Transcription
Transliteration
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Romanization of Korean is the official Korean-language romanization system in North Korea. Announced by the Sahoe Kwahagwŏn, has replaced the older McCune–Reischauer system since 1992,[1][2] and it was last updated in 2002.[2]

Transcription rules[]

Vowels[]

ㅏ ㅑ ㅓ ㅕ ㅗ ㅛ ㅜ ㅠ ㅡ ㅣ ㅐ ㅒ ㅔ ㅖ ㅚ ㅟ ㅢ ㅘ ㅝ ㅙ ㅞ
Romanization a ya ŏ yŏ o yo u yu ŭ i ae yae e ye oe wi ŭi wa wŏ wae we

Consonants[]

ㄱ ㄴ ㄷ ㄹ ㅁ ㅂ ㅅ ㅈ ㅊ ㅋ ㅌ ㅍ ㅎ ㄲ ㄸ ㅃ ㅆ ㅉ ㅇ
Romanization Initial k n t r m p s j ch kh th ph h kk tt pp ss jj -
Final l t t t k t p t - - t - ng
  • In double consonants in the end of a word or before a consonant, only one of them is written:
  • 닭섬 → Taksŏm
  • 물곬 → Mulgol
  • However, in the case before a vowel, both consonants are written:
  • 붉은바위 → Pulgŭnbawi
  • 앉은바위 → Anjŭnbawi
  • The soft voiceless consonants between vowels ㄱ, ㄷ, and ㅂ and those between resonant sounds and vowels are transcribed as g, d, and b.

Examples[]

  • 천리마 → Chŏllima
  • 한라산 → Hallasan
  • 압록강 → Amrok-gang
  • 뒤문 → Twinmun

Guide[]

A personal name is written by family name first, followed by a space and the given name with the first letter capitalized. Also, each letter of a name of Chinese character origin is written separately.

  • 김꽃분이 → Kim Kkotpuni
  • 박동구 → Pak Tong Gu
  • 안복철 → An Pok Chol

A name for administrative units is hyphenated from the placename proper:

However, a name for geographic features and artificial structures is not hyphenated:

References[]

  1. ^ "Working Paper No. 46" (PDF). UNGEGN. Retrieved 2018-03-17.
  2. ^ a b "Updates to the report on the current status of United Nations romanization systems for geographical names" (PDF). UNGEGN. Retrieved 2018-03-17. In the Democratic People's Republic of Korea there is a national system adopted in 1992 and presented to the 17th session of UNGEGN in 1994, updated version was published in 200220.
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