Rujiena Castle

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Rujiena Castle
Rujiena, Latvia
Remains of the Ruensburg order castle
Rujiena Castle
Coordinates	57°52′55″N 25°22′10″E / 57.881944°N 25.369444°E / 57.881944; 25.369444Coordinates: 57°52′55″N 25°22′10″E / 57.881944°N 25.369444°E / 57.881944; 25.369444
Type	Castle
Site information
Condition	Ruins
Site history
Built	1263
Built by	Livonian Order
Demolished	1704

The ruins of the hill castle Rujiena Castle are located on the edge of today's village Rūjiena on the right bank of the Rūja river in Latvia. ^{[1] [2]}

History[]

View of the ruins in 1790.

Historic chronicles dating from 1125 tell of the woodenLivonian Castle, Metsepole, located on the right bank of the Rūja River, about 3 km from the current centre of the town, and how it was destroyed by invading forces from Saaremaa. The region submitted to the Livonian Brothers of the Sword after the Battle of St. Matthew's Day.

The wooden Livonian castle was replaced with castle built by Teutonic Order Master Burchard von Hornhausen in 1263. A substantial settlement was established around the castle and named Rūjiena. Rujiena Castle guarded the border between the Teutonic Order and the dominion of the Archbishopric of Riga.^[1]

The castle as an order castle of the Livonian Order was first mentioned in 1499. Their castle area not only included the parish of Rujiena, but also the part of the parish of Salisburg on the right bank of the Salis. Rujiena shared a bailiff with Karkus and Heimat. The Rujiena crochet mill is called oppidum in 1555.

During the reign of Ivan III of Russia Rujiena Castle was repeatedly attacked by Russian troops and destroyed in 1481. Apparently castle didn't suffer major damage and Rūjiena quickly recovered. In 1526 Teutonic Order Master Walter von Plettenberg called a provincial assembly to try Archbishop  [fr] for his relationship with Russia. Rujiena importance grew and Castle was raised to the rank of Commandery.  [de] was it only commander in history.^[3] He died in 1557 and never seen how Castle was destroyed by the Russians in 1560. During the Livonian War in 1560, the castle was occupied, looted and burned by the Lithuanian nobility, but then restored. In September 1560, the Russian army under Ivan the Terrible destroyed Rūjiena Castle and the town. After Vidzeme was partitioned to Poland in 1562, the Polish king Sigismund August presented Rūjiena to his brother-in-law, Swedish prince John. The occupation of the castle surrendered in 1575 King Magnus, but in the autumn of 1575 the Germans managed to take them back. Rujiena was still called a castle in 1554 but it military value was slighting in 1582.

In 1622, King Gustavus Adolphus liened castle to his financial administrator, . Rūjiena Castle was completely destroyed during the Great Northern War in 1704. Time has destroyed what little was left, and many of the remaining stones were taken by locals to build the dam for the mill.

Description[]

The oval castle complex indicates that there used to be a Wallburg at the site of the castle. The castle hill is located on the right bank of the river Rūja, surrounded by a deep ditch with a bridge on the west side. Rujiena Castle was a typical  [de] fortress. The only square tower, on the north side, leans against the wall.

Castle names[]

Over the course of history, castle was referred in different documents under several names.

• 1414 – Ruyen
• 1437 – Rugen
• 1461 – Ruien, Rugen
• 1495 – Rughen
• 1496 – Rugenn
• 1499 – Rwen
• XVI century - Rujen ^[4]
• 1573 – Royen ^[5]

Today's condition[]

Fragments made of enceinte from 1 to 2 m in height have been preserved from the ring wall. There has been an increase in the terrain from gatehouse. There are no information boards on the site and the castle is not on the list of local attractions.

See also[]

• Rūjiena

References[]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Rūjiena fortress.