Rule of Rose

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Rule of Rose
RuleofRose.jpg
Developer(s)Punchline
Publisher(s)
Director(s)Shuji lshikawa
Producer(s)Noriyuki Boda
Writer(s)Tomo Ikeda
Hideki Okuma
Shuji Ichikawa
Composer(s)Yutaka Minobe
Platform(s)PlayStation 2
Release
  • JP: January 19, 2006
  • NA: September 12, 2006
  • EU: November 3, 2006
Genre(s)Survival horror
Mode(s)Single-player

Rule of Rose[a] is a survival horror video game developed by Punchline for the PlayStation 2. Set in England in 1930, the plot revolves around a nineteen-year-old woman named Jennifer, who becomes trapped in a world ruled by young girls who have established a class hierarchy called the Red Crayon Aristocrats. It was first released in 2006 by Sony Computer Entertainment in Japan. After Sony Computer Entertainment's American and European branch did not express interest in localizing the title, it was published later that year by Atlus USA in North America and by 505 Games in Europe.

Development on Rule of Rose began after Punchline was asked by Sony Computer Entertainment to make a horror game. Punchline wanted to develop a "new type of horror game" with an emphasis on psychological horror. This decision led to the concept of childhood, specifically the "mysterious and misunderstood" nature of young girls. The team drew inspiration from the classic Brothers Grimm fairy tales for the narrative, and the Silent Hill series for graphics and art style. The entire score was produced by studio musicians in order to bring a human element to the game's atmosphere.

Rule of Rose was the subject of a moral panic in Europe prior to its publication there, based on rumors of its alleged content. These rumors ranged from erotic themes and obscene brutality. Various European authorities condemned the game and called for its banning. The game was cancelled in the United Kingdom, despite the Video Standards Council calling the complaints "nonsense." Rule of Rose received mixed reviews from many publications; reactions to the story, music, and horror elements were almost universally positive, while the gameplay was panned. The game has been compared to Silent Hill and Haunting Ground, due to the psychological horror used throughout and because the main character is accompanied by a canine companion. [1][2]

Gameplay[]

The player character Jennifer and Brown find themselves surrounded by hostile imps.

Rule of Rose is a survival horror game in which the player guides Jennifer through exploring the game environments and advances the plot by accomplishing tasks while sporadically encountering enemies and bosses.[3]

Described as "essentially an interactive movie" by its director Shuji Ishikawa and associate producer Yuya Takayama, the narrative of Rule of Rose centers on the traumatic childhood memories of Jennifer, "an ordinary, vulnerable girl"; these memories sometimes manifest in exaggerated ways.[4]

Combat is almost exclusively melee-based, with a variety of improvised weapons available, such as kitchen knives and pipes. Jennifer is a timid character: her melee attacks are neither powerful nor long-ranged.[5] Evasion of enemies is often a more viable strategy instead of fighting. With the exception of a handful of bosses, all enemies in the game are imps—skinny, dolllike creatures the size of small children. Different animal-headed imps appear throughout the game, alongside regular imps.[6]

Every level of the game takes place over a month. Each chapter begins with the reading of a homemade storybook related to the plot of the chapter. During each level, Jennifer is tasked with finding a specific object that will be gifted to the Aristocracy.

Early in the game, Jennifer encounters and rescues a dog named Brown.[3] Brown accompanies her throughout the game and responds to the player's commands.[7] Brown can be ordered to track items by scent, be commanded to 'stay' and be called to Jennifer's side. Brown cannot attack enemies, but will growl to distract some imps and bosses, allowing Jennifer to retreat or attack without fear of retaliation.[8] He can be injured to the point of collapse, causing him to stop distracting enemies or track items.[3]

Brown's ability to locate items is an integral part of the game, and is used in every chapter to progress further.[5] The same system allows the player to find health restoratives and other items which, while not essential to complete the game, can help the player survive enemy encounters.[3] Players select an item from the inventory for Brown to locate, which is then connected to the 'find' command until changed or removed.[9] Every item selected this way can be used to find at least one type of item. When tracking items, Brown will lead the player through the game environments, scratching at doors in his way, signaling the player to open the door.[7] Most health restoratives and all tradable items are hidden and must be uncovered by Brown, though the player can choose to avoid searching for these items to progress quickly. Restorative items include snack foods, candy, and chocolate. The different types of restorative items heal varying amounts of health. Bones and other items can be used to restore Brown's health if he becomes injured. Other items such as marbles and ribbons have no immediate use, but may be traded with non-playable characters in order to obtain food, rare items, and weapons.[3]

Most levels are puzzle based. The primary puzzles require the use of Brown's scent-finding ability in order to find objects that are related to one another in order to solve a larger puzzle. Others require finding markings on the wall in order to solve the chapter's puzzle.

Plot[]

Rule of Rose is set in 1930 in the rural Cardington, Bedfordshire, England, a few years before World War II broke out. The game tells the story of a 19-year-old orphan named Jennifer as she relives her childhood memories as an adult. During a bus ride along a rural road, Jennifer is awakened by a mysterious boy who presents her with an unfinished, homemade storybook and asks her to read it. The boy runs off the bus before Jennifer can return the book to him, and Jennifer follows him to the Rose Garden Orphanage, located in a nearby forest. Jennifer discovers the orphanage to be an abandoned and dilapidated building with no adults present and a ragtag mob of orphaned children who call themselves the Red Crayon Aristocrat Club.

As Jennifer explores the orphanage, a voice calls out over a loudspeaker, announcing the start of a funeral. The boy appears and informs Jennifer that the funeral is for her "dear friend" before disappearing again. In the inner court of the orphanage, Jennifer finds a grave and senses something important to her buried there. As Jennifer digs up the coffin, some of the orphans of Rose Garden force her inside of it and kidnap her.

Jennifer is taken into an impossibly large, luxurious zeppelin and tied to a pole in a back room. The boy who led Jennifer off the bus appears and introduces himself as Joshua, the Prince of The Red Rose. In exchange for being freed from the pole, The Prince forces Jennifer to join the Red Rose Aristocracy, a class hierarchy, as the lowest ranked member. The hierarchy is loosely based on noble titles such as baroness and countess. Every member of the Aristocracy is under the command of the Prince and Princess, and each member is allowed to command anyone ranked below them. Each member is also required to provide a specific monthly gift to the Prince and Princess or suffer death at the hands of a monster known as 'Stray Dog'.

While on the airship, Jennifer saves a dog who was being abused by the Aristocracy and names him Brown. She also befriends Wendy, a sickly young girl who is the only member of the Aristocracy to be kind to her.

With Brown's help, Jennifer spends several months finding various gifts for the club (including 'a beautiful butterfly', 'the bird of happiness', and 'an unmarried mermaid') Jennifer constantly finds herself at the center of conflict between other club members. She is accused of destroying a love letter written by the Baroness, Meg, to the Duchess, Diana. Jennifer is also blamed for the death of the Countess Eleanor's pet bird, and also gets the Duchess Diana into trouble after a pet koi fish is mutilated.

Jennifer also suffers mishaps with fellow low-ranking member of the club, Amanda, who becomes obsessed with her after being forced to punish Jennifer with a rat tied to a stick upon her failing to find a beautiful enough butterfly for the club's monthly gift. Jennifer is also severely punished the other club members for some of these conflicts, such as being trapped inside of a bag full of insects as punishment for the destroyed letter.

The club is eventually urgently tasked with finding a stuffed bear that belongs to the Princess of The Red Rose after it goes missing. Although Wendy is originally suspected of stealing the bear, it's eventually revealed that Amanda was the culprit. Upon successfully returning the bear to the Princess, Jennifer is promoted to being a high-ranking member of the Red Crayon Aristocracy and is given her own red crayon as a reward.

The game's setting returns to the now-inhabited orphanage. It is revealed that the grand airship is actually a fantasy played out by the orphans in order to escape from their poor living conditions at the orphanage. Jennifer wakes up once again tied to a post, covered in red crayon markings. After escaping, Jennifer explores the orphanage, where she is severely bullied, harassed and ostracized by the other children and even the headmaster of the orphanage. Shortly after she informs Jennifer of an important meeting of Aristocrats, both Wendy and Brown suddenly go missing. As Jennifer searches for her friend and dog, she finds out that she and Brown have become the gift of the month, as 'Filthy Jennifer' and 'Filthy Brown'. After discovering and following a trail of blood that leads into the attic of the orphanage, Jennifer finds Brown's corpse in the Aristocrats' meeting room, surrounded by the other club members who have killed him.

Wendy then reveals herself to Jennifer as being the Princess of the Red Rose. In retaliation for Brown's murder, Jennifer slaps Wendy and casts aside her rose-shaped brooch. Jennifer denounces the Aristocrats and claims to hate herself for being too cowardly to oppose them. Wendy runs away crying, to the awe of the entire club.[10]

As the months had passed, Jennifer slowly regained her childhood memories of being cared for by the farmer Gregory Wilson after she was orphaned in an unrelated airship crash. Gregory was kind to her although he believed she was his missing son, Joshua, due to their similarity in appearance. Gregory kept Jennifer prisoner in the basement, dressed her in his son's clothes, read her homemade storybooks and referred to her as Joshua. After Wendy discovered her through a window in the basement, Wendy began to exchange letters with Jennifer and the two became close friends, though Wendy was initially unaware that 'Joshua' was really a girl. Wendy eventually helped Jennifer escape, and also stole Gregory's gun in the process. After escaping they returned to the orphanage. Together, Jennifer and Wendy formed the Red Crayon Aristocrat Club, with Jennifer as the 'Prince' and 'Princess'. The two girls then made an oath: "everlasting, true love, I am yours", and exchanged Jennifer's stuffed bear for Wendy's rose-shaped brooch. Wendy named the bear Joshua after Jennifer's former identity. As the club dominated the orphanage and the children became more violent, all of the adults in the orphanage including the Headmaster, abandoned the orphanage and left the children to fend for themselves. [11]

The game skips ahead to a few months after Jennifer's denouncement of the club. Wendy was deposed as the Princess after it was revealed that Stray Dog was a lie to keep the aristocracy in line, and Wendy had run away from the orphanage after being humiliated and hadn't been seen in the meantime. Without a leader, the orphans have begun infighting and become disorganized and the state of the orphanage has severely deteriorated. The Aristocrats approach Jennifer in the hopes that she will replace Wendy as their leader, but before Jennifer can decline the offer, the girls notice Wendy approaching the orphanage.

Unknown to the girls, Wendy had been seeking revenge against the club by disguising herself as Joshua and mentally conditioning the farmer Gregory Wilson into becoming Stray Dog. Wendy leads Gregory into the orphanage and orders him to kill everyone there, which he does. Only Wendy and Jennifer survive.

After the massacre, Wendy takes off her disguise and, regretful over killing her friends and everyone else, confesses to Jennifer that she had been jealous over Brown, who Jennifer had adopted shortly after arriving at the orphanage. Out of anger that Jennifer was giving Brown more attention than her, Wendy demoted Jennifer from being the Prince and ordered the other Aristocrats to bully her in the hopes that Jennifer would remember her vow and beg to return to her side. When this didn't work and Jennifer remained at the bottom of the caste with Brown, Wendy ordered Brown to be killed instead.

After confessing, Wendy then gives Jennifer Gregory's gun, and Gregory pulls Wendy back into the orphanage, where she is killed. Gregory then returns to kill Jennifer, and in a moment of lucidity, he asks "Joshua" to give him back the gun, which Jennifer does. Gregory then kills himself.[12]

Rule of Rose concludes with Jennifer, as a child, waking in the large empty orphanage and reflecting on the events and characters. Jennifer vows to remember the other children, especially because the media coverage of the children's deaths had diminished after it came to light that Jennifer had been the survivor of two horrific events. In the final scene, Jennifer visits Brown, now a puppy, in a shed and puts a collar on him. Promising to protect him and her memories for eternity, she then closes the shed's door on him.[13]

Development[]

For inspiration, Punchline drew on the cruelty found in fairy tales by the Brothers Grimm and Edward Gorey.[14]

The company Punchline, which had previously developed the video game Chulip, developed Rule of Rose for the PlayStation 2.[2] A group of twenty-five developers, Punchline began the project after being asked by Sony Computer Entertainment to develop a horror video game; not wanting to create a game similar to the survival-horror series Resident Evil, Punchline decided on the goal of developing a "new type of horror game, one which wasn’t the usual zombie, ghost and slasher type," with an emphasis on psychological horror rather than "surprise- and shock-based horror."[2] A proposed early draft by Yoshiro Kimura was a dark fantasy "boy's story" that centered on a boy abducted by "a big man" and his attempts to escape, while encountering the ghosts of previous victims.[15] Keywords included "Kidnapping, imprisonment, children, bullying, dwarfs, airship, escape."[15] This concept was turned down by the publisher on the basis of being "too dangerous a topic," and Kimura turned to the idea of examining the "fear between girls."[15]

This decision led to the concept of "a game surrounding childhood and children," but from both viewpoints to show how children and adults can find the other one terrifying, with a primary focus on the adult's perspective.[2] Though the game has garnered comparisons with William Golding's 1954 allegorical novel Lord of the Flies,[16][17] the developers did not draw inspiration from it,[2] instead focusing on the "mysterious and misunderstood" nature of girls.[14] The story formed through trial and error as the developers figured out how to create a sense of fear, ultimately adding the children's secret society, the Red Crayon Aristocrats.[14] They also included Brown as a way to balance Jennifer's "helpless and unhappy" personality and make the game more enjoyable.[14] Because of budget and time problems, the combat system was left a little rough.[18]

Rule of Rose's graphics are heavily stylized, incorporating a series of visual filters similar to those used in the Silent Hill series.[6] The developers researched the behavior of children, monitoring a group of European and American children, and photographed references for "the game’s textures and models"; for the motion capture, the team had Japanese children act.[2] At the request of the developers, the group of children also expressed through drawings or written words what caused them to be happy or afraid.[2] The company Shirogumi worked on the computer-generated imagery present in Rule of Rose's cutscenes.[19] The musical score was composed by Yutaka Minobe, who also co-composed the music of Skies of Arcadia and some tracks from the Panzer Dragoon Orta soundtrack. The entire score was produced by studio musicians, including the Hiroshi Murayama Trio, and vocals by Kaori Kondo. According to the game's developers, the music was intended to bring a human element to the atmosphere in the game.[20] A 6-track promotional soundtrack CD was produced by Atlus, which was issued to customers from certain retailers when Rule of Rose was pre-ordered.[21]

Punchline included several themes in Rule of Rose,[20] with the primary one being "intimate relationships between all people".[2] A major theme in the game is the difference between a child's and an adult's way of thinking, and how children might treat adults if they were given power over them. Players are helpless to prevent their adult player character from being bullied by the children.[20] Another theme is how attachment "to one thing can bring out the worst in people."[18]

Controversy[]

Prior to its publication, Rule of Rose was the subject of a moral panic in Europe.[22] At E3 2006 Atlus announced that it would be releasing Rule of Rose in the United States,[23] following Sony's decision to pass on an American release, as the game "wasn’t really in sync with their corporate image" and the company had wanted the game to "be a bit tamer, if it were to have the Sony name in the U.S."[2] The developers disagreed with this, saying that "the theme is supposed to be one of intimate familiarity" and that they had intended to portray how children behave "without the filter of guilt or sin."[2] Rumors of violence towards children in the game tied into a larger discussion of morality and violence in video games appeared in the Italian magazine Panorama in November 2006, and were quickly picked up by the British media, which alleged that the game had scenes of "children buried alive underground, in-game sadomasochism, and underage eroticism."[22] These allegations were untrue.[22] At the time, Rule of Rose had already been rated by various video game advisory boards as suitable for an older teenage audience: in Japan, it was rated 15+; in the majority of Europe, 16+; and in North America, 17+.[22]

European Union justice minister Franco Frattini attacked the game as containing "obscene cruelty and brutality." He also called for changes to the PEGI rating system in place across Europe and for government officials to engage in discussions with industry representatives.[24] Frattini received a letter from Viviane Reding, commissioner for the information society and media, who criticized his actions: "It is...very unfortunate that my services were not pre-consulted before your letter to the Ministers of Interior was sent out," reminding him of the commission-backed self-regulating ratings system called PEGI that has operated across the European Union since 2003. The PEGI system of classification, according to Reding's letter, offers "informed adult choice" without censoring content: "This is in line with the Commission's view that measures taken to protect minors and human dignity must be carefully balanced with the fundamental right to freedom of expression as laid down in the Charter on Fundamental Rights of the European Union."[25] On March 7, 2007, a group of Member of the European Parliaments presented a Motion for a European Parliament resolution on a ban on the sale and distribution in Europe of the game and the creation of a 'European Observatory on childhood and minors'.[26] The game was further suggested to be banned for sale in France,[27] and to be kept from the public in Poland.[28] At this time, the game had not yet been released in Europe; the public officials suggesting that Rule of Rose be banned had not played the game, only having read about its alleged content or seen the trailer.[22]

505 Games' Australian distributor, Red-Ant, cancelled the game's Australian and New Zealand release,[29] and 505 Games later cancelled the United Kingdom release as a result of complaints by Frattini and other EU officials, and "largely misleading"[30] commentary from the British press, although review copies had already shipped to video game journalists.[31] It was released in the rest of Europe. The British body which had granted the title its 16+ PEGI rating (the Video Standards Council) responded to the press and Frattini's comments: "I have no idea where the suggestion of in-game sadomasochism has come from, nor children being buried underground. These are things that have been completely made up. [...] We’re not worried about our integrity being called into question, because Mr Frattini’s quotes are nonsense."[24] The Council further noted that "there isn’t any underage eroticism. And the most violent scene does indeed see one of the young girls scare Jennifer with a rat on a stick. But the rat’s actually quite placid towards her and even licks her face.”[24]

Reception[]

The game received mixed reviews, according to video game review aggregator Metacritic.[32] The reviewer for video game magazine Play wrote: "I think everyone should experience this game, especially horror fans, but in order to do so, you're going to have to suffer through times of sheer agony--just like poor, unlucky Jennifer."[45] According to Official UK PlayStation 2 Magazine, the game "[b]lends the stuff of nightmares with stylish sound and graphics. Sadly, the developer should have spent longer on the gameplay."[46] Edge found neither plot nor gameplay appealing: "It’s just a murky brew of meaningless, exploitative dysfunction filling an empty game, and it leaves a bitter taste."[33]

It is generally agreed that the title has an interesting plot, with The A.V. Club observing that "aside from a few deep curtsies and an unlockable Gothic Lolita costume, the characters are more sinister than sexualised".[44] However, the gameplay is widely lambasted as clumsy, archaic,[47] and unrewarding.[7][9] The press was generally divided upon how much the gameplay detracts from one's ability to enjoy the story itself. GamesRadar described Jennifer as "a cringing, passive non-entity" and stated: "There's no denying that Rule of Rose is extremely pretty, atmospheric and disturbing.... but as an adventure game, Rule of Rose just sort of wilts."[48] Acegamez, on the other hand, not only admired the game's plot but also found the gameplay appealing if slow, "a wonderful psychological thriller that will draw you in with its bizarrely compelling narrative, atmospheric presentation and thoughtful story-based gameplay".[8]

In a retrospective article on survival horror games, GamePro's Michael Cherdchupan listed Rule of Rose as one of the classics of the genre, writing that the game was a work of art that lingered long after playing through; he praised it for its delicate handling of its subject matter and Jennifer's journey as she processes her trauma.[49] IGN listed Rule of Rose as one of the worst horror games created after 2000. While enjoying the "refreshingly adult take on sexual awakening and repressed memories that's consistently unsettling without ever resorting to cheap shock tactics," it criticized the game's "totally broken" combat and "thoroughly excruciating" backtracking, controls, and camera angles.[50]

Because of the limited number of copies published, Rule of Rose has garnered a reputation as one of the more expensive video games to buy second-hand.[51]

Notes[]

  1. ^ Rule of Rose (Japanese: ルールオブローズ, Hepburn: Rūru obu Rōzu)

References[]

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