Salamandroidea

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Salamandroidea
Temporal range:
Late Jurassic - Present,[1] 157–0 Ma
Salamandra atra on Triglav.jpg
Alpine salamander (Salamandra atra)
Scientific classification e
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Amphibia
Order: Urodela
Suborder: Salamandroidea
Fitzinger, 1826
Families

The Salamandroidea are a suborder of salamanders, referred to as advanced salamanders. The members of the suborder are found worldwide except for Antarctica, sub-Saharan Africa, and Oceania. They differ from suborder Cryptobranchoidea as the angular and bones in their lower jaws are fused, their trunk ribs are bicapitate, and all members use internal fertilization.[2] The female is fertilized by means of a spermatophore, a sperm-containing cap placed by the male in her cloaca. The sperm is stored in spermathecae on the roof of the cloaca until it is needed at the time of oviposition.[3]

The earliest known salamandroid fossils are specimens of the species Beiyanerpeton jianpingensis and from the Tiaojishan Formation of Inner Mongolia, China, dated to the Late Jurassic about 157 million years ago.[4][5]

References[]

  1. ^ Anderson, J. S. (2012). "Fossils, molecules, divergence times, and the origin of Salamandroidea". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 109 (15): 5557–5558. Bibcode:2012PNAS..109.5557A. doi:10.1073/pnas.1202491109. PMC 3326514. PMID 22460794.
  2. ^ Miller, Jessica J. "Caudate Families (Newts & Salamanders)". Livingunderworld.org. Archived from the original on 2007-10-16. Retrieved 2007-11-09.
  3. ^ Sever, David M.; Stanley E. Trauth (April 1990). "Cloacal Anatomy of Female Salamanders of the Plethodontid Subfamily Desmognathinae (Amphibia: Urodela)". Transactions of the American Microscopical Society. 109 (2): 193–204. doi:10.2307/3226814. JSTOR 3226814.
  4. ^ Gao, K.-Q.; Shubin, N.H. (2012). "Late Jurassic salamandroid from western Liaoning, China". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 109 (15): 5767–72. Bibcode:2012PNAS..109.5767G. doi:10.1073/pnas.1009828109. PMC 3326464. PMID 22411790.
  5. ^ Jia, Jia; Gao, Ke-Qin (2016-05-04). "A New Basal Salamandroid (Amphibia, Urodela) from the Late Jurassic of Qinglong, Hebei Province, China". PLOS ONE. 11 (5): e0153834. Bibcode:2016PLoSO..1153834J. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0153834. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 4856324. PMID 27144770.


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