Satyrini

Satyrini
Satyrus actaea, Languedoc-Roussillon, France
Lethe appalachia (syn. Satyrodes appalachia), Virginia, USA
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Lepidoptera
Family:	Nymphalidae
Subfamily:	Satyrinae
Tribe:	Satyrini Boisduval, 1833
Subtribes[1]
Parargina Tutt, 1896 Lethina Reuter, 1896 Mycalesina Reuter, 1896 Eritina Miller, 1968 Ragadiina Herrich-Schäffer, 1864 Coenonymphina Tutt, 1896 Euptychiina Reuter, 1896 Erebiina Tutt, 1896 Maniolina Grote, 1897 Melanargiina Wheeler, 1903 Pronophilina Reuter, 1896 Satyrina Boisduval, 1833 Ypthimina Reuter, 1896 some genera incertae sedis
Diversity[2]
approximately 220 genera, 2200 species

The Satyrini is one of the tribes of the subfamily Satyrinae. It includes about 2200 species and is therefore the largest tribe in the subfamily which comprises 2500 species.^[2]

Distribution[]

Satyrini butterflies have a worldwide distribution, but the distribution pattern differs between subtribes. Some subtribes are almost restricted to a single biogeographic region, such as the Pronophilina, which is found only in Andean cloud forests from Venezuela to Bolivia.^[2]

Biology[]

The larval food plants of many species in this tribe are grasses, i.e. Poaceae. It is considered that the Satyrini diversified at about the same time as the grasses did, and that the radiation of the tribe is therefore closely related to the evolution of the grasses.^[2][3]

In contrast, the tribe has a few genera which show uncommon feeding preferences.^[3] Three genera, Euptychia, Ragadia and Acrophtalmia, feed on Lycopsida, and moreover, some species of Euptychia have been reported to feed on mosses of Neckeraceae. This is interesting cases as these genera are not considered to be very closely related to each other.^[4]

Taxonomy[]

The taxonomy of the subfamily Satyrinae has recently undergone a significant revision. Peña et al. (2006) showed that most of the traditionally well known group are paraphyletic or polyphyletic and developed a new taxonomy, based on molecular phylogenetic. The classification scheme transferred many genera traditionally placed in the Elymniini to the Satyrini,^[5] and later studies have largely followed this classification.^[6][7] Thus, the Satyrini is now considered to include the genera previously placed in the Elymniini, such as Lethe, Pararge and Mycalesis.^[1] However, the phylogenetic statuses of some subtribes within the tribe are still unclear and the revision of the classification is likely to continue.^[7]

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According to Wahlberg (2019), the Satyrini includes the following subtribes and genera:

Table for representative higher level classifications of satyrines in Peña et al. (2006)
(excerpts with some modifications^[a])

	Miller (1968)			Harvey (1991)	Peña et al. (2006)
Family	Satyridae		Subfamily	Satyrinae	Satyrinae
Subfamily	Elymniinae		Tribe	Elymniini	Elymniini
Tribe	Elymniini		Subtribe	Elymniiti	Elymnias
Genera	Elymnias Elymniopsis		Genera	Elymnias Elymniopsis
Tribe	Lethini		Subtribe	Lethiti
Genera	Aeropetes Paralethe Enodia Lethe Neope Satyrodes Kirinia Lasiommata Lopinga Pararge Ethope Neorina		Genera	Aeropetes Paralethe Enodia Lethe Neope Satyrodes Kirinia Lasiommata Lopinga Pararge Ethope Neorina
Tribe	Mycalesini		Subtribe	Mycalesiti
Genera	Bicyclus Hallelesis Henotesia Mycalesis Orsotriaena		Genera	Bicyclus Hallelesis Henotesia Mycalesis Orsotriaena
Tribe	Zetherini		Subtribe	Zetheriti
Genus	Zethera			Zethera
			Tribe		Zetherini
			Genera		Penthema
Subfamily	Biinae		Tribe	Biini	Melanitini
Tribe	Melanitini		Subtribe	Melanititi	Aeropetes Paralethe Manataria Gnophodes Melanitis
Genera	Gnophodes Melanitis		Genera	Gnophodes Melanitis
Tribe	tribe uncertain		Tribe	tribe uncertain
Genus	Manataria		Genera	Manataria
Subfamily	Haeterinae		Tribe	Haeterini	Haeterini
Tribe	Haeterini		Genera	Cithaerias Haetera Pierella Pseudohaetera	Cithaerias Haetera Pierella Pseudohaetera
Genera	Cithaerias Haetera Pierella Pseudohaetera
Subfamily	Satyrinae		Tribe	Satyrini	Satyrini
			Subtribe		Parargina
			Genera		Kirinia Lopinga Lasiommata Pararge
			Subtribe		Lethina
			Genera		Lethe Enodia Satyrodes Neope
			Subtribe		Mycalesina
			Genera		Bicyclus Hallelesis Mycalesis
Tribe	Coenonymphini		Subtribe	Coenonymphiti	Coenonymphina
Genera	Coenonympha Aphantopus		Genera	Coenonympha Aphantopus	Oreixenica Tisiphone Nesoxenica Hypocysta Lamprolenis Dodonidia Argyrophenga Erebiola Percnodaimon Heteronympha Geitoneura Oressinoma Coenonympha Orsotriaena Zipaetis Argyronympha
Tribe	Hypocystini		Subtribe	Hypocystiti
Genera	Argyrophenga Dodonidia Erebiola Geitoneura Heteronympha Hypocysta Lamprolenis Nesoxenica Oreixenica Percnodaimon Tisiphone Zipaetis		Genera	Argyrophenga Dodonidia Erebiola Geitoneura Heteronympha Hypocysta Lamprolenis Nesoxenica Oreixenica Percnodaimon Tisiphone Zipaetis
Tribe	Euptychiini		Subtribe	Euptychiiti	Euptychiina
Genera	Caeruleuptychia Cepheuptychia Chloreuptychia Cissia Cyllopsis Erichthodes Euptychia Euptychoides Forsterinaria Godartiana Harjesia Hermeuptychia Moneuptychia Neonympha Oressinoma Paramacera Parataygetis Pareuptychia Paryphthimoides Pharneuptychia Pindis Posttaygetis Oressinoma Rareuptychia Splendeuptychia Taygetis Yphthimoides		Genera	Caeruleuptychia Cepheuptychia Chloreuptychia Cissia Cyllopsis Erichthodes Euptychia Euptychoides Forsterinaria Godartiana Harjesia Hermeuptychia Moneuptychia Neonympha Oressinoma Paramacera Parataygetis Pareuptychia Paryphthimoides Pharneuptychia Pindis Posttaygetis Oressinoma Rareuptychia Splendeuptychia Taygetis Yphthimoides	Euptychia Cyllopsis Paramacera Palaeonympha Pharneuptychia Euptychoides Yphthimoides Moneuptychia Paryphthimoides Amphidecta Rareuptychia Godartiana Hermeuptychia Splendeuptychia Pindis Cepheuptychia Cissia Caeruleuptychia Magneuptychia Chloreuptychia Neonympha Erichthodes Pareuptychia Taygetis Harjesia Parataygetis Posttaygetis Forsterinaria
Tribe	tribe uncertain		Subtribe	subtribe uncertain	subtribe uncertain
Genus	Palaeonympha		Genera	Palaeonympha	Cercyonis Hyponephele Neocoenyra
Tribe	Ypthimini		Subtribe	Ypthimiti	Ypthimina
Genera	Neocoenyra Ypthima Ypthimomorpha		Genera	Neocoenyra Ypthima Ypthimomorpha	Ypthima Ypthimomorpha
Tribe	Melanargiini		Subtribe	Melanargiiti	Melanargiina
Genus	Melanargia		Genus	Melanargia	Melanargia
Tribe	Maniolini		Subtribe	Manioliti	Maniolina
Genera	Cercyonis Hyponephele Maniola Pyronia		Genera	Cercyonis Hyponephele Maniola Pyronia	Pyronia Maniola Aphantopus
Tribe	Pronophilini		Subtribe	Pronophiliti	Pronophilina
Genera	Amphidecta Corades Daedalma Eteona Junea Lasiophila Lymanopoda Oxeoschistus Panyapedaliodes Parapedaliodes Pedaliodes Praepedaliodes Proboscis Pronophila Pseudomaniola Punapedaliodes Steremnia Steroma Idioneurula Manerebia Argyrophorus Quilaphoetosus Auca Chillanella Cosmosatyrus Elina Etcheverrius Nelia Pampasatyrus		Genera	Amphidecta Corades Daedalma Eteona Junea Lasiophila Lymanopoda Oxeoschistus Panyapedaliodes Parapedaliodes Pedaliodes Praepedaliodes Proboscis Pronophila Pseudomaniola Punapedaliodes Steremnia Steroma Idioneurula Manerebia Argyrophorus Quilaphoetosus Auca Chillanella Cosmosatyrus Elina Etcheverrius Nelia Pampasatyrus	Idioneurula Tamania Ianussiusa Lymanopoda Argyrophorus Pampasatyrus Elina Auca Pedaliodes Punapedaliodes Pronophila Proboscis Lasiophila
Tribe	Erebiini		Subtribe	Erebiiti	Erebiina
Genus	Erebia		Genus	Erebia	Erebia
Tribe	Satyrini		Subtribe	Satyriti	Satyrina
Genera	Arethusana Berberia Brintesia Chazara Hipparchia Karanasa Neominois Oeneis Paralasa Pseudochazara Satyrus		Genera	Arethusana Berberia Brintesia Chazara Hipparchia Karanasa Neominois Oeneis Paralasa Pseudochazara Satyrus	Berberia Hipparchia Chazara Pseudochazara Satyrus Arethusana Brintesia Karanasa Neominois Oeneis
			Tribe	tribe uncertain
			Genera	Penthema

Notes[]

References[]

Citations[]

Sources[]

External links[]

• Satyrinae at NYMPHALIDAE.net (There is no individual page for Satyrini as it is split into pages for each subtribes.)
• Satyrini Boisduval 1833 at TREE OF LIFE web project
• ジャノメチョウ族（Satyrini）のページ at Pteron World (in Japanese)