Schoenocaulon
Schoenocaulon | |
---|---|
Schoenocaulon officinale[1] | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Monocots |
Order: | Liliales |
Family: | Melanthiaceae |
Tribe: | Melanthieae |
Genus: | Schoenocaulon A.Gray |
Synonyms[2] | |
|
Schoenocaulon is a North American genus of perennial herbaceous flowering plants, ranging from the southern United States to Peru.[3] It is a member of the Melanthiaceae, according to the APG III classification system, and is placed in the tribe Melanthieae. Unlike other genera in the tribe, the flowers are arranged in a spike; depending on the species the flower stalks for each flower are either very short or completely absent.[4] Feathershank is a common name,[5] the medicinally used S. officinale is called Sabadilla (pronunciation: /sab-uh-dil-uh/, IPA: /ˌsæb əˈdɪl ə/).
Plants generally grow in chaparral, oak, or pine forests. Grazing has narrowed the natural ranges of some species to only steep, rocky terrain.[6] Mexico is the center of Schoenocaulon diversity, with 22 endemic species - some with distributions limited to single mountain ranges.[4] The two species with the widest distributions, S. yucatanense (sometimes treated as part of S. ghiesbreghtii) and S. officinale (sabadilla), may have been spread by pre-Columbians who used the seeds as pesticides.[4]
The petal and sepal color varies by species, with some shade of green being most common, but with maroon, cream, and bright red also represented.[4]
- species[2]
- - Oaxaca
- - Tamaulipas
- - San Luis Potosí, Puebla, Oaxaca
- - Oaxaca
- - Florida
- - Puebla
- - S Texas to Veracruz
- - Tamaulipas, Nuevo León
- - San Luis Potosí, Hidalgo
- - Jalisco, Oaxaca
- - Tamaulipas, Nuevo León
- - Veracruz, Puebla, Oaxaca
- - Chihuahua, Sonora, Sinaloa
- - México State, Jalisco, Michoacán
- - Oaxaca
- - Hidalgo, México State
- Schoenocaulon officinale - C + S Mexico, Central America, Venezuela - sabadilla
- - Nayarit
- - Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas
- - Hidalgo, Veracruz, México State, D.F.
- - Mexico, Puebla
- - Oaxaca, Puebla
- - Morelos
- - Oaxaca, Puebla
- Schoenocaulon texanum - New Mexico, Texas, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León
- - Jalisco
References[]
- ^ 1897 illustration from Franz Eugen Köhler, Köhler's Medizinal-Pflanzen
- ^ Jump up to: a b Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
- ^ Zomlefer, Wendy B.; Judd, Walter S. (2008). "Two New Species of Schoenocaulon (Liliales: Melanthiaceae) from Mexico Supported by ITS Sequence Data". Systematic Botany. 33 (1): 117–124. doi:10.1600/036364408783887474. S2CID 86685454.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d Zomlefer, Wendy B.; Whitten, W. Mark; Williams, Norris H.; Judd, Walter S. (2006), "Infrageneric phylogeny of Schoenocaulon (Liliales: Melanthiaceae) with clarification of cryptic species based on ITS sequence data and geographical distribution", American Journal of Botany, 93 (8): 1178–1192, doi:10.3732/ajb.93.8.1178, PMID 21642183
- ^ "Schoenocaulon". Natural Resources Conservation Service PLANTS Database. USDA. Retrieved 7 November 2015.
- ^ Frame, D. 1990. A revision of Schoenocaulon (Liliaceae: Melanthieae). Ph. D. Thesis. The City University of New York. New York. 269 pp.
- Schoenocaulon
- Melanthiaceae genera
- Flora of Mexico
- Flora of Central America
- Flora of the South-Central United States
- Flora of the Southern United States
- Flora of northern South America
- Taxa named by Asa Gray
- Liliales stubs