Selenicereus grandiflorus
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| Queen of the night | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Order: | Caryophyllales |
| Family: | Cactaceae |
| Subfamily: | Cactoideae |
| Genus: | Selenicereus |
| Species: | S. grandiflorus
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| Binomial name | |
| Selenicereus grandiflorus | |
| Synonyms | |
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Cactus grandiflorus L. (1753) Sp. Pl. 467 | |
Selenicereus grandiflorus is a cactus species originating from the Antilles, Mexico and Central America. The species is commonly referred to as queen of the night,[2] night-blooming cereus (though these two terms are also used for other species), large-flowered cactus, sweet-scented cactus or vanilla cactus. The true species is extremely rare in cultivation. Most of the plants under this name belong to other species or hybrids. It is often confused with the genus Epiphyllum.
Etymology[]
Grandiflorus is Latin for 'large flowered'. When Carl von Linné described this cacti in 1753 it was the largest flowered species of cacti known. Paradoxically, its flowers are moderate in size compared with several other Selenicereus species.
History[]
The first species to be brought into cultivation. Linné (Linnaeus) described it in 1753, but it was known long before. Records from Hortus Kewensis gives that the species was grown at Royal Gardens at Hampton Court before 1700. There has been doubt about which plant was available to Linné when he drew up his description, but this is solved and both the plates on this side show the authentic species.
Origin and habitat[]
It is native throughout the Greater Antilles (Cuba, Cayman Islands, Puerto Rico, Jamaica, the Dominican Republic, and Haiti), Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, Honduras, Nicaragua, and a few other locations in South and Central America. Climbing on trees and on rocks at 700 metre altitude. Extremely variable, especially in Jamaica, stems with slightly wavy to strongly knobby margins occurs in the same plant. Much confused in cultivation. Many species of Selenicereus should be reduced to synonyms of subspecies of this species, differing merely in degree rather than in kind.
Cultivation[]
An easily cultivated, fast growing epiphyte or lithophytic plant. Needs a compost containing plenty of humus and sufficient moisture in summer. Should not be kept under 5 °C (41 °F) in winter. Perform best if grown in full sun. Extra light in the early spring will stimulate budding. Flowers in late spring or early summer, only blooms one night a year for several years[citation needed] and withers within hours.
Description[]
Stems scandent, clambering or sprawling, branching, sometimes forming tangles, producing aerial roots, stiff, to 10 m long or more, (10)15–25(–30)mm thick; ribs (4–)7–8(–10), low, less so on older branches, separated by broad, rounded intervals, slightly wavy to strongly knobby; areoles small, wool white or greyish white, internodes (6–)12–20 mm; spines 5–18, to 4.5–12 mm, basally ca 0,25 mm in diameter, acicular, elliptic or circular in cross section, bulbous basally, spreading, yellowish brown to brownish or yellow, grey in age, eventually deciduous hairs from lower part of areole ± numerous white or brownish, mature vegetative areoles usually lacking hairs, juvenile plants have spines shorter and fewer; epidermis glaucous green or bluish green, often ± purplish, smooth. Flowers 17–22.5 cm long and reportedly as much as 15 inches (38 cm) in width.[3] Fragrance reminding of vanilla and orange-flower; pericarpel 25 mm long, with bracteoles 5 mm, strap-shaped and yellowish, covered with nearly white or tawny hairs and sharp bristles; receptacle 7.5–8.7 cm, bracteoles 5–14mm, strap-shaped to linear, yellowish with long, nearly white or tawny, wavy hairs and sharp bristles in their axils, ca 25mm long; outer tepals 7.5–10 cm long, averaging 4.5 mm wide, linear-attenuate, light brown, salmon to pink buff, yellowish adaxially; inner tepals 7.5–10 cm long, 9–12(–15) mm, shorter than outer tepals, wide, lanceolate, gradually narrowed into a pointed or acute apex, white; stamens 38–50 mm long, delinate, white, anthers 1.5mm long, yellowish; style 15–20 cm long, often longer than inner tepals, 1.5 mm greatest diameter, stigma lobes 7–12, ca 7.5 mm long, slender. Fruit ovoid, 5–9 cm long, 4.5–7 cm thick, whitish, partly pink, pink, yellow or orange, covered with clusters of spines and hairs which soon drop off, juicy, the imbilicus small and inconspicuous. Four subspecies are recognized:
- ssp. donkelaarii (Salm-Dyck) Ralf Bauer
- ssp. grandiflorus
- ssp. hondurensis (K.Schum. ex Weing.) Ralf Bauer
- ssp. lautneri Ralf Bauer
Hybrids[]
Selenicereus ×callianthus (Gaillard) Lindinger (1942). This is a hybrid between this species and . Many plants under the name Selenicereus grandiflorus may belong to this cross. It is very similar to , but stems more slender and spines, longer and yellowish.
See also[]
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Selenicereus grandiflorus. |
- Bahamian dry forests
- Night blooming cereus - for other cacti sharing this name
- Arizona queen of the night
References[]
- ^ Taylor, N.P.; Durán, R.; Hernández, H.M.; Tapia, J.L. & Gómez-Hinostrosa, C. (2017). "Selenicereus grandiflorus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T152736A121607317. Retrieved 26 November 2020.
- ^ "Selenicereus grandiflorus". Natural Resources Conservation Service PLANTS Database. USDA. Retrieved 9 November 2015.
- ^ "The Tucson Cactus and Succulent Society".
External links[]
Media related to Selenicereus grandiflorus at Wikimedia Commons
Data related to Selenicereus grandiflorus at Wikispecies- Night-blooming cereus. Cereus grandiflorus (L)
- Selenicereus grandiflorus Picture
- Selenicereus grandiflorus Pictures and time lapse movie of opening flower
- desert-tropicals.com: Selenicereus
- IUCN Red List least concern species
- Selenicereus
- Flora of Central America
- Flora of the Caribbean
- Flora of Mexico
- Flora of Peru
- Flora of Florida
- Epiphytes
- Night-blooming plants
- Plants described in 1753
- Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
- Garden plants of Central America