Shaka (Kushan)

Shaka
Shaka
Kushan emperor
	Kushan Empire Shaka Circa AD 325-345.; Obverse: King Shakā making a sacrifice over an altar. To the right of the altar: Vi. The name of the ruler appears vertically to the right of the king in Gupta script: Sha-kā. Under the arm of the ruler, also in Brahmi script: Si-ta.Traces of Greco-Bactrian legend around.; Reverse: Ardoxsho enthroned, holding filleted investiture garland and cornucopia; tamgha to upper left.
Reign	300–350 CE

Shaka (Gupta script: Sha-kā) may have been one of the last rulers of the Kushan Empire around 325-345.^[2] He may have succeeded Vasudeva II. There is a group of Kushan gold coins that all carry the Brahmi legend Shaka in the right field, in the same place where Vasudeva II's coins read Vasu, so it is natural to suppose that perhaps Shaka was the name of the king who issued these coins. A further support for this idea is that there is a mention of one "Devaputra Shahi Shahanshahi Shaka Murunda" in Samudragupta's famous Allahabad inscription, as one of the rulers who paid him homage. In this context, Shaka could be a title, it could refer to a tribe, or it could be a personal name. In any case, it seems to be related to the Shaka coins. Unfortunately, we don't know the date of the Allahabad inscription, so the best guess on dating Shaka is c. mid-4th century.

Robert Göbl,^[3] for instance, did not think Shaka was the name of a ruler; rather, he thought the coins were tribal issues, but Michael Mitchiner ^[4] and many other authors do think Shaka was a personal name.

The Shaha coins all have the goddess Ardoxsho on the reverse, whether many other Kushan rulers are known to have used Oesho (probably Shiva with his bull) on the reverse of their coins.^[5]

There are also sources who use the term Shaka-Kushan as a label for a historic period that began sometime between 78 A.D. and 128 A.D. This included the reign of rulers bearing the name of Vasudeva.^[6] It was associated with several excavated remains in northern India, which revealed building activities as well as artifacts like red polished pottery, ceramics, and terracotta figures.^[7] The discovered remains showed sophisticated construction practices like the use of burnt bricks for flooring and tiles for flooring and roofing. The wares, including some coins, found in the Shaka-Kushana sites were also found in several locations in Delhi, Jhatikra Nahar near Najafgarh, and Gordon Highlanders near Badli ki Sarai. Archaeologists believe that this indicates contact among these contemporary settlements or that these sites were under the sphere of influence of the Shaka-Kushana empire.^[6]

Footnotes[]

^ CNG Coins
^ Indian Numismatic Studies K. D. Bajpai p.112
^ Münzprägung des Kušānreiches, Vienna: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1984
^ Oriental Coins and their Values: The Ancient and Classical World, London: Hawkins Publications, 1978
^ Allen, John (1914). Catalogue of the coins of the Gupta dynasties. p. xxxviii.
^ ^a ^b Digital Press (n.d.). Combined modern, medieval, and ancient India. Digital Press. p. 131.
^ Katariya, Adesh (2007-11-25). Ancient History of Central Asia: Yuezhi origin Royal Peoples: Kushana, Huna, Gurjar and Khazar Kingdoms. Adesh Katariya. p. 129.

External links[]

Online catalogue of coins of Shaka

Preceded by Kanishka III	Kushan Ruler c.325 - c.345	Succeeded by Kipunada

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[1] CNG Coins

[2] Indian Numismatic Studies K. D. Bajpai p.112

[3] Münzprägung des Kušānreiches, Vienna: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1984

[4] Oriental Coins and their Values: The Ancient and Classical World, London: Hawkins Publications, 1978

[5] Allen, John (1914). Catalogue of the coins of the Gupta dynasties. p. xxxviii.

[:0-6] Digital Press (n.d.). Combined modern, medieval, and ancient India. Digital Press. p. 131.

[7] Katariya, Adesh (2007-11-25). Ancient History of Central Asia: Yuezhi origin Royal Peoples: Kushana, Huna, Gurjar and Khazar Kingdoms. Adesh Katariya. p. 129.

[8] From the dated inscription on the Rukhana reliquary

[9] Richard Salomon (Jul–Sep 1996). "An Inscribed Silver Buddhist Reliquary of the Time of King Kharaosta and Prince Indravarman". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 116 (3): 418–452 [442]. JSTOR 605147.

[10] Richard Salomon (1995) [Published online: 9 Aug 2010]. "A Kharosthī Reliquary Inscription of the Time of the Apraca Prince Visnuvarma". South Asian Studies. 11 (1): 27–32. doi:10.1080/02666030.1995.9628492.

[KKSK-11] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m Jongeward, David; Cribb, Joe (2014). Kushan, Kushano-Sasanian, and Kidarite Coins A Catalogue of Coins From the American Numismatic Society by David Jongeward and Joe Cribb with Peter Donovan. p. 4.

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Shaka
Kushan emperor
Kushan Empire Shaka Circa AD 325-345. Obverse: King Shakā making a sacrifice over an altar. To the right of the altar: Vi. The name of the ruler appears vertically to the right of the king in Gupta script: Sha-kā. Under the arm of the ruler, also in Brahmi script: Si-ta.Traces of Greco-Bactrian legend around. Reverse: Ardoxsho enthroned, holding filleted investiture garland and cornucopia; tamgha to upper left.^[1]
Reign	300–350 CE