Shibata Katsuie
Shibata Katsuie 柴田 勝家 | |
---|---|
Lord of Kitanosho Castle | |
In office 1575–1583 | |
Personal details | |
Born | 1522 Kamiyashiro, Owari Province |
Died | June 14, 1583 Kitanosho Castle, Echizen Province | (aged 60–61)
Spouse(s) | Oichi |
Military service | |
Nickname(s) | Demon Shibata (oni-shibata) |
Allegiance | Oda clan |
Unit | Owari-Shibata clan |
Battles/wars | Battle of Ino Battle of Okehazama Siege of Inabayama Attack on Shōryūji Castle Siege of Chōkō-ji Siege of Nagashima Battle of Nagashino Battle of Tedorigawa Kaga Campaign Siege of Uozu Battle of Shizugatake |
Shibata Katsuie (柴田 勝家, 1522 – June 14, 1583) or Gonroku (権六) was a Japanese samurai and military commander during the Sengoku period. He served Oda Nobunaga as one of his trusted generals, was severely wounded in the 1571 siege of Nagashima, but then fought in the 1577 Battle of Tedorigawa.[1]
Early life[]
Katsuie was born in the village of Kamiyashiro (present-day Meitō-ku, Nagoya), a branch of the Shiba clan (who descended from the Ashikaga clan, and were the former suzerains of the Oda clan). Note the differences between Shibata (柴田), Shiba (斯波), and the Shibata clan of Echigo (新発田).
Katsuie was the retainer of Oda Nobuyuki. When control of the Oda clan was contested, Katsuie initially supported his lord, Nobuyuki, against his elder brother Oda Nobunaga. In 1556, Katsuie launched a coup d'état against Nobunaga. He was defeated at the Battle of Inō, and in the aftermath Nobunaga had his brother executed, but impressed with the retainer's loyalty and bravery, spared the life of Katsuie. Katsuie pledged his services to Nobunaga, earning his praises.
Military life[]
In 1560, he fought against Imagawa Yoshimoto at the Battle of Okehazama.
In 1567 he participated in the siege of Inabayama, in the first division of Oda Nobunaga's forces.
In late 1568, Katsuie along with Hosokawa Fujitaka, Hachiya Yoritaka, Mori Yoshinari and Sakai Masahisa attacking Iwanari Tomomichi at Shōryūji Castle.
In 1570, while Oda–Tokugawa coalition fought at the Battle of Anegawa against the Asakura and Azai clans, Katsuie was at Chōkō-ji castle, under siege by 4,000 soldiers of the Rokkaku clan. Katsuie eventually won via an all-out attack, forcing the Rokkaku to retreat.[1]:220 This action, along with a series of brilliant victories, gained him renown as the "Oni Shibata", or "Demon Shibata".
In 1571 he fought in the siege of Nagashima and was severely wounded.
In 1575 he fought in the Battle of Nagashino against Takeda Katsuyori.[2] After gaining control of Echizen, he took command of Kitanosho Castle (Hokujō) and was ordered to conquer the Hokuriku region.
In 1577 Nobunaga sent an army led by Shibata Katsuie and some of his most experienced generals to reinforce Shigetsura from Noto province against Uesugi Kenshin at Battle of Tedorigawa.
In 1580, he led an army, which included his general Sakuma Morimasa in a fight against the Kaga Ikko-ikki at Kanazawa Gobo.[1]:230 After controlling Noto, he began a campaign against Etchū Province in 1581.
In 1582, he and Sassa Narimasa successfully laid siege to Uozu and Matsukura Castle.[1]:231 In the mean time, Nobunaga was betrayed and killed at Honnō-ji by Akechi Mitsuhide.
Death[]
Later in 1582, after the death of Nobunaga, in a meeting at Kiyosu Castle to determine Nobunaga's successor, Katsuie initially supported the choice of Samboshi, Nobunaga's grandson.[3] but he later supported Oda Nobutaka, Nobunaga's third son, for whom Katsuie had performed the genpuku ritual. He then allied with Oda Nobutaka and Takigawa Kazumasu against Toyotomi Hideyoshi who was allied with Oda Nobukatsu. Tension quickly escalated between Hideyoshi and Katsuie, and the following year they clash at the Battle of Shizugatake.[4]
Battle of Shizugatake[]
In 1583, Katsuie sent his nephew Sakuma Morimasa to besiege Takayama Ukon and Nakagawa Kiyohide at Shizugatake. Morimasa ignored Shibata's orders to withdraw to Ōiwa, Morimasa was captured and beheaded by Toyotomi Hideyoshi's returning forces.[5] Later, Katsuie's was defeated and retreated back into Echizen, all the way to Kitanoshō castle, which was taken in 3 days. Later, Katsuie committed seppuku, after killing his wife, Oichi, and other members of his household, and set fire to the castle. He implored Oichi to take their daughters and leave, but she decided to follow his death, while letting her daughters escape.[6][7][1]:234
His death poem was:
- 夏の夜の 夢路儚き 後の名を 雲井にあげよ 山不如
- Natsu no yo no
- yumeji hakanaki
- ato no na o
- kumoi ni ageyo
- yamahototogisu
- "Fleeting dream paths, in the summer night! O bird of the mountain, carry my name beyond the clouds."
Family[]
In popular culture[]
Shibata Katsuie is a playable character in Koei Tecmo's Samurai Warriors 2: Empires and all subsequent Samurai Warriors, the Warriors Orochi games, and Sengoku Basara 4. He appears in Nioh 2 and Fate/Grand Order as a side character.
See also[]
- People of the Sengoku period in popular culture § Shibata Katsuie
- The Kiyosu Conference (2013 film)
References[]
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Turnbull, Stephen (2000). The Samurai Sourcebook. London: Cassell & C0. p. 78,221,228. ISBN 1854095234.
- ^ Turnbull, Stephen (1977). The Samurai. New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc. pp. 156–160. ISBN 9780026205405.
- ^ Berry 1982, p. 74
- ^ Berry 1982, p. 78
- ^ Turnbull, Stephen (1998). The Samurai Sourcebook. London: Cassell & Co. p. 76,234. ISBN 9781854095237.
- ^ "Fukui Castle, Kitanosho Ruins". 2009-03-24. Archived from the original on 11 December 2008. Retrieved 30 April 2009.
- ^ Sansom, George (1961). A History of Japan, 1334-1615. Stanford: Stanford University Press. p. 311-313. ISBN 0804705259.
http://www.samurai-archives.com/katsuie.html
External links[]
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- 1522 births
- 1583 deaths
- Daimyo
- Suicides by seppuku
- Oda retainers
- People of Muromachi-period Japan
- People of Azuchi–Momoyama-period Japan
- Suicides by sharp instrument in Japan
- Military engineers
- Deified Japanese people
- 16th-century suicides