Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship, Alliance and Mutual Assistance

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Not to be confused with Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance.
Treaty of Friendship, Alliance and Mutual Assistance
Signed14 February 1950 (1950-02-14)
Expiry16 February 1979 (1979-02-16)
Signatories
Parties

The Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship, Alliance and Mutual Assistance (simplified Chinese: 中苏友好同盟互助条约; traditional Chinese: 中蘇友好同盟互助條約; pinyin: Zhōng-Sū Yǒuhǎo Tóngméng Hùzhù Tiáoyuè), or Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance for short, is the treaty of alliance concluded between the People's Republic of China and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on February 14, 1950. It was based to a considerable extent on the 1945 treaty of the same name, which had been arranged between the Soviet Union and the Nationalist Government of China and it was the product of extended negotiations between Liu Shaoqi and Joseph Stalin. By its terms, the Soviets recognized the People's Republic of China and recalled recognition of the Republic of China.

Mao traveled to the Soviet Union to sign the treaty after its details had been concluded, one of only two times that he traveled outside China in his life. The treaty dealt with a range of issues such as Soviet privileges in Xinjiang and Manchuria; specifically, the Chinese Eastern Railway and the ports of Dalian and Lushun were to be returned to China.[1] The Soviets agreed to loan $300 million - $60 million per year for five years - to the bankrupt Chinese government in of the form of various equipment, materials and goods.[2] The treaty did not prevent relations between Beijing and Moscow from drastically deteriorating in the late 1950s to the early 1960s, during the Sino-Soviet split.

After the expiration of the treaty in 1979, Deng Xiaoping wanted China not to negotiate with the Soviets unless they agreed to China's demands such withdrawing from Afghanistan, removing their troops from Mongolia and the Sino-Soviet border, and ceasing their support of the Vietnamese invasion of Cambodia.[3] The expiration of the treaty allowed China to attack Vietnam, a Soviet ally, in the Third Indochina War as a response to Vietnam's invasion of Cambodia since the treaty had prevented China from attacking Soviet allies.

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ Zhang Shengfa, "Return of the Chinese Changchun Railway to China by the USSR." In Manchurian Railways and the Opening of China, 171–94. 1st ed. Vol. 1. New York, NY: Taylor & Francis Group, 2010. Page 171.
  2. ^ https://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/113380.pdf?v=a72a4ae09caba5e4c7034a5c2eb69c0d
  3. ^ Joseph Y.S. Cheng "Challenges to China's Russian Policy in Early 21st Century." in: Journal of Contemporary Asia, Volume: 34 Issue: 4 (November 1, 2004), p 481

Further reading[]

  • Peskov, Yuri. "Sixty Years of the Treaty of Friendship, Alliance and Mutual Assistance Between the U.S.S.R. and the PRC, February 14, 1950." Far Eastern Affairs (2010) 38#1 pp. 100–115.

External links[]

  • An article which mentions the treaty.
  • Yang Kuisong, "The Sino-Soviet Alliance and Nationalism: A Contradiction" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-03-18. (103 KiB) (2005), Parallel History Project (PHP).
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