Sodium polyaspartate

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Sodium polyaspartate
Sodium polyaspartate.png
Names
IUPAC name
polyaspartic acid sodium salt
Identifiers
  • 94525-01-6 (for (α,β)-DL-polysodiumaspartate)
Properties
(C4H4NNaO3)n
Molar mass variable
Hazards
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
0
0
0
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Infobox references

Sodium polyaspartate is a sodium salt of polyaspartic acid. It is biodegradable condensation polymer based on the amino acid aspartic acid.[1]

Polymerization[]

The polymerization reaction is an example of a step-growth polymerization to a polyamide. In one procedure, aspartic acid polymerizes at 180 °C concomitant with dehydration and the formation of a poly(succinimide). The resulting polymer reacts with aqueous sodium hydroxide, which hydrolyzes one of the two amide bonds of the succinimide ring to form a sodium carboxylate. The remaining amide bond is thus the linkage between successive aspartate residues. Each aspartate residue is identified as α or β according to which carbonyl of it is part of the polymer chain. The α form has one carbon in the backbone in addition to the carbonyl itself (and a two-carbon sidechain) whereas the β form has two carbons in the backbone in addition to the carbonyl itself (and a one-carbon sidechain). This reaction gives a sodium poly(aspartate) composed of approximately 30% α-linkages and 70% β-linkages.[1]

Synthesis of sodium poly(aspartate)

Potential applications[]

As it can be synthesized in an environmentally friendly way and is biodegradable, polyaspartate is a potential green alternative to several materials such as sodium polyacrylate used in disposable diapers and agriculture.[2][3][4]

In addition and due to its water-solubility and ability to chelate metal ions, polyaspartate is a promising biodegradable anti-scaling agent and a corrosion inhibitor.[5][6] Sodium polyaspartate also has a variety of biomedical applications. Its high affinity with calcium has been exploited for targeting various forms of drug-containing carriers to the bone.[1]  The main component of bone is hydroxyapatite (ca. 70%) (mineralized calcium phosphate). Apart from bone targeting, this polymer has been modified for other potential biomedical applications such as drug delivery, surface coating, DNA delivery, mucoadhesion, and beyond.[1]

See also[]

Polyaspartic acid

References[]

  1. ^ a b c d Adelnia, Hossein; Tran, Huong D.N.; Little, Peter J.; Blakey, Idriss; Ta, Hang T. (2021-06-14). "Poly(aspartic acid) in Biomedical Applications: From Polymerization, Modification, Properties, Degradation, and Biocompatibility to Applications". ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering. 7 (6): 2083–2105. doi:10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00150. PMID 33797239. S2CID 232761877.
  2. ^ Gross, R. A.; Kalra, B. (2002). "Biodegradable Polymers for the Environment". Science. 297 (5582): 803–807. Bibcode:2002Sci...297..803G. doi:10.1126/science.297.5582.803. PMID 12161646.
  3. ^ "Presidential Green Chemistry Challenge Awards: 1996 Small Business Award: Donlar Corporation (now NanoChem Solutions, Inc.): Production and Use of Thermal Polyaspartic Acid". US Environmental Protection Agency.
  4. ^ Adelnia, Hossein; Blakey, Idriss; Little, Peter J.; Ta, Hang T. (2019). "Hydrogels Based on Poly(aspartic acid): Synthesis and Applications". Frontiers in Chemistry. 7: 755. Bibcode:2019FrCh....7..755A. doi:10.3389/fchem.2019.00755. ISSN 2296-2646. PMC 6861526. PMID 31799235.
  5. ^ Low, K. C.; Wheeler, A. P.; Koskan, L. P. (1996). Commercial poly(aspartic acid) and Its Uses. Advances in Chemistry Series. 248. Washington, D.C.: American Chemical Society.
  6. ^ Thombre, S.M.; Sarwade, B.D. (2005). "Synthesis and Biodegradability of Polyaspartic Acid: A Critical Review" (PDF). Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part A. 42 (9): 1299–1315. doi:10.1080/10601320500189604. S2CID 94818855.
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