Somma volcano

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Aerial view of Fogo Island, Cape Verde, an example of a somma volcano. The volcanic cone Pico do Fogo rises 100 m above the walls of the caldera.

A somma volcano (also known as a sommian) is a volcanic caldera that has been partially filled by a new central cone. The name comes from Mount Somma, a stratovolcano in southern Italy with a summit caldera in which the upper cone of Mount Vesuvius has grown.

A number of Earth's best examples of somma volcanoes are found on Russia's Kamchatka Peninsula and the Kuril Islands that stretch south from Kamchatka to Hokkaidō (Japan).^{[citation needed]}

Some examples of somma volcanoes are the following:

• Africa
  • Pico do Fogo (Fogo Island, Cape Verde)
  • Teide (Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain)
• Americas
  • Cosigüina (Chinandega, Nicaragua)
  • Wizard Island (Oregon, United States)
  • Lava domes (Mount St. Helens, Washington, United States)
• Asia
  • Ebeko (Paramushir Island, Kuril Islands, Russia)
  • Gunung Baru Jari (Segara Anak caldera, Lombok, Indonesia)
  • Kolokol Group: Kolokol, Berg, Borzov, Trezubetz (Urup Island, Kuril Islands, Russia)
  • Anak Krakatoa (Krakatoa Group, Sunda Strait, Lampung, Indonesia): a partially-submerged somma volcano
  • Krenitsyn Peak (Tao-Rusyr caldera, Onekotan Island, Kuril Islands, Russia)
  • Medvezhya (Iturup Island, Kuril Islands, Russia)
  • Milna (Simushir Island, Kuril Islands, Russia)
  • Pinatubo (Central Luzon, Philippines)
  • Tengger caldera (East Java, Indonesia)
  • Tondano caldera (North Sulawesi, Indonesia)
  • Sakurajima (Aira caldera, Kyūshū, Japan)
  • Tyatya (Kunashir Island, Kuril Islands, Russia)
  • Urataman (Simushir Island, Kuril Islands, Russia)
  • Zarechny (Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia)
• Europe
  • Nea Kameni (Santorini caldera, Greece): a partially-submerged somma volcano
  • Mount Pico (Azores, Portugal)
  • Mount Vesuvius (Campania, Italy)
• Oceania
  • Mount Gharat (Gaua, Vanuatu)

See also[]

• Crater lake