Sool, Somaliland

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Sool
Sool (Somali)
صول (Arabic)
Region of Somaliland
Dervish fort in Taleh.
Dervish fort in Taleh.
Location in Somaliland
Location in Somaliland
Country Somaliland
Administrative centreLas Anod
Government
 • GovernorAbdiqani Mohamoud Jidhe
Area
 • Total39,240 km2 (15,150 sq mi)
Population
 (2014)
 • Total327,428 [1]
Time zoneUTC+3 (EAT)
HDI (2017)0.327[2]
low · 4th

Sool (Somali: Sool, Arabic: صول) is an administrative region (gobol) in south eastern Somaliland. It borders Togdheer to the west, Sanaag to the north, Ethiopia to the south and Somalia to the east. Its capital city is Las Anod.

The region is partially controlled by Puntland State.[3][4]

Due to the prolonged conflict between Somaliland and Puntland, many Dhulbahante and Warsangeli living in the region do not recognize the Sool region and eastern Sanaag, as either Somaliland or Puntland.[5]

Territorial dispute[]

Main article: Somaliland-Puntland dispute

Throughout the duration of the Somali Republic Sool was not a separate region but part of the larger Nugaal province, with its capital at Garowe. It was separated from Nugaal in the 1980s, with its new capital at Las Anod.[6]

When the independence of Somaliland, the inhabitants of Sool announced that they would join Somaliland. However, Somaliland became a civil war until 1997, and de fact eastern edge was Burao. In 1998, Puntland declared its independence and all of Dhulbahante's settlements were declared Puntland territory. However, it was run mainly by Majeerteen's settlements and was not keen on running Dhulbahante's settlements.[7]: 36  In 2003, Puntland sent troops to Las Anod under the pretext of conflict mediation and occupied it outright. [7]: 63  Somaliland and Puntland were in conflict west of Las Anod. In 2007, Somaliland took military control of Las Anod. Somaliland and Puntland were in conflict near Tukaraq.[7]: 68  In 2018, the Somaliland army occupied Tukaraq.[8] In April 2019, the Somaliland army took control of Taleh.[9]

Demographics[]

The Sool region is almost exclusively inhabited by Dhulbahante.[10][11][12][13] Michael Walls reports:

"The residents of Sool overwhelmingly hail from a single clan grouping in the form of the Dhulbahante [...]. Sool boasts a degree of kinship homogeneity that is rare even in the Somali Horn".[14]

The Habr Je'lo clan of the Isaaq clan-family make up the vast majority of the population in western Sool, including the region's second largest town Aynaba,[15] as well as the wider Aynaba District.[16]

The Habr Yunis sub-division of the Garhajis Isaaq also inhabits the western parts of Hudun and Las Anod districts in northern Sool.[17]

The Dhulbahante sub-division of the Harti Darod clan primarily inhabits the Taleh, eastern Hudun and Las Anod districts in eastern Sool.[18][19][20] The Fiqishini sub-clan of the Habr Gidir Hawiye also inhabit the area around Adhi'adeye and .[21][22]

Districts[]

The Sool region consists of 4 districts.[23]

District Grade Capital Comments Location
Las Anod A Las Anod Regional capital Las Anod in Sool (Somaliland).svg
Aynabo B Aynabo Aynabo in Sool (Somaliland).svg
Hudun C Hudun Hudun in Sool (Somaliland).svg
Taleh B Taleh Taleh in Sool (Somaliland).svg

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ [1]
  2. ^ "Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab". hdi.globaldatalab.org. Retrieved 13 September 2018.
  3. ^ "BFA Staatendokumentation/ Andreas Tiwald, Analyse zu Somalia - Lagekarten zur Sicherheitslage". Austrian Federal Office for Immigration and Asylum: 8. 12 October 2015. Retrieved 15 June 2021.
  4. ^ "EASO Country of Origin Information: Report Somalia Security Situation" (PDF). European Asylum Support Office: 74. February 2016. Retrieved 15 June 2021.
  5. ^ Ahmed M. Musa (2021). "Lasanod: City at the margins" (PDF). p. 14. Retrieved 28 November 2021.
  6. ^ "Somalia (1988)". CIA. December 1988. Retrieved 21 February 2007.
  7. ^ a b c Markus Virgil Hoehne (2015). "Between Somaliland and Puntland" (PDF). Retrieved 22 August 2021.
  8. ^ "Somalia: Puntland and Somaliland forces clash in Tukaraq". crisis24.garda.com. 25 May 2018. Retrieved 31 July 2021.
  9. ^ "Somaliland Oo Xoog Kula Wareegtay Degmada Taleex Ee Gobolka Sool". mareeg.com. 4 April 2019. Retrieved 16 May 2021.
  10. ^ "The political development of Somaliland and its conflict with Puntland" (PDF). Institute for Security Studies: 10.
  11. ^ Hohne, Markus V. (2006). "Political identity, emerging state structures and conflict in northern Somalia". Journal of Modern African Studies. 44 (3): 405. doi:10.1017/S0022278X06001820. S2CID 54173895.
  12. ^ "Somaliland vs. Puntland over the future of Somalia" (PDF). Horn of Africa Bulletin. Retrieved 20 September 2019.
  13. ^ International Crisis Group. "Somaliland: The Strains of Success" (PDF): 4. Retrieved 20 September 2019. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  14. ^ Walls, Michael. "Sool Region: sovereign ambiguity vs a geopolitical system of nation-states?". Africa Research Institute. Retrieved 20 September 2019.
  15. ^ Renders, Marleen (2012). Consider Somaliland : state-building with traditional leaders and institutions. Leiden: BRILL. ISBN 978-90-04-22254-0. OCLC 775301944. Eastern Sanaag and Sool had not been Egal’s priority. The president did not strictly need these regions to be under his military control in order to preserve and consolidate his position politically or in terms of resources.
  16. ^ "EASO Country of Origin Information Report - Somalia Security Situation" (PDF). February 2016.
  17. ^ "EASO Country of Origin Information: Report Somalia Security Situation" (PDF). European Asylum Support Office: 74. February 2016. Retrieved 15 June 2021.
  18. ^ Walls, Michael. "Sool Region: sovereign ambiguity vs a geopolitical system of nation-states?". Africa Research Institute. Retrieved 20 September 2019.
  19. ^ "Somaliland vs. Puntland over the future of Somalia" (PDF). Horn of Africa Bulletin. Retrieved 20 September 2019.
  20. ^ "The political development of Somaliland and its conflict with Puntland" (PDF). Institute for Security Studies: 10.
  21. ^ "Waqtiga Celeema saarka Sultaanka Beesha FIQISHINI oo la shaaciyey". halgan.net. 11 May 2016. Retrieved 25 July 2021.
  22. ^ "Qaban-Qaabada Suldaanka Beesha Fiqishini Oo Laga Dareemayo Degmada Laascaanood Iyo Wufuud Kusii Qulqulaysa Adhicadeeye". laascaanood.com. 17 May 2016. Retrieved 25 July 2021.
  23. ^ "Sool Region" (PDF). Retrieved 30 December 2013.

External links[]

Coordinates: 8°23′46″N 47°41′29″E / 8.39611°N 47.69139°E / 8.39611; 47.69139


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