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Sanaag

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Sanag
Sanaag (Somali)
سَنَاج (Arabic)
Region of Somaliland
Overview of the Cal Madow mountains in Sanaag
Overview of the Cal Madow mountains in Sanaag
Location in Somaliland
Location in Somaliland
Coordinates: Coordinates: 10°46′45″N 48°11′9″E / 10.77917°N 48.18583°E / 10.77917; 48.18583
Country Somaliland
Administrative centreErigavo
Government
 • GovernorAhmed Osman Hassan Elmi
Time zoneUTC+3 (EAT)
HDI (2017)0.429[1]
low · 2nd

Sanag (Somali: Sanaag, Arabic: سَنَاج‎) is an administrative region (gobol) in north eastern Somaliland.[2] Sanaag has a long coastline facing the Gulf of Aden to the north, and is bordered by the region of Sahil to the west, Sool to the south and Somalia to the east. Its capital city is Erigavo.

The region is partially controlled by Puntland state.[3][4]

History

Ruins in Las Khorey

The Sanag region and Somaliland in general is home to numerous archaeological sites, with rock art, ancient ruins, buildings and cairns found at numerous sites, such as Gudmo Biyo Cas, Heis, Maydh, Haylan, Qa'ableh, Qombo'ul, Gelweita and El Ayo.[5] However, many of these old structures have yet to be properly explored, a process which would help shed further light on local history and facilitate their preservation for posterity.[6]

Territorial dispute

Camel in Almadow Forest
Main article: Somaliland-Puntland dispute

The Sanaag region is disputed by Puntland state.[7][8] It currently controls major centres in the region including Dhahar, Las Qoray, and Badhan.[9][10]

Environment

A severe drought in the region in the early part of the 21st century caused an 80% or greater loss of livestock, though two good rainy seasons in 2004–2005 helped restore the area. Over a 15-year period of analysis, from 1988–2003, there was a 52% loss of forest and a 40% loss of grassland, and a 370% increase in bare land. Soil erosion due to weather and human activities and clearing of wood and brush for such uses as charcoal and fuel are issues leading to a degradation of the environment.[11]

Economy

In recent history, the Sanag region normally maintained a diverse economy, producing and then exporting to other regions, it produced livestock, frankincense, and leather for export, this was happening while the region lacked basic infrastructure, but sadly, after the outbreak of civil war the region's economy collapsed from loss of markets and dilapidated infrastructure has never helped, and lack of investment. Now the region only supports one main economy, livestock rearing. The Somali livestock ban imposed by Gulf countries in which was Sanag's largest market has virtually destroyed the economy in the region, reducing purchasing power and forcing pastoralists in the region to survive on subsistence activities.[12]

Demographics

The region is mainly inhabited by people from the Somali ethnic group, principally the Habar Yoonis and Habar Jeclo sub-clans of the Isaaq and the Dhulbahante and Warsangali sub-divisions of the Harti Darod.[13]

Districts

The region of Sanag is divided into 5 districts as follows:[14]

Towns and Cities

See also

References

  1. ^ "Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab". hdi.globaldatalab.org. Retrieved 2018-09-13.
  2. ^ Regions of Somalia Archived October 23, 2016, at the Wayback Machine
  3. ^ "The Puntland Speaker visiting Badhan district". Somali Dispatch. 2021. Retrieved 14 June 2021.
  4. ^ Mahmood, Omar (2019). "Overlapping claims by Somaliland and Puntland: The case of Sool and Sanaag" (PDF). Institute for Security Studies: 13. Retrieved 29 May 2021.
  5. ^ Mire, Sada (2015-04-14). "Mapping the Archaeology of Somaliland: Religion, Art, Script, Time, Urbanism, Trade and Empire". African Archaeological Review. 32 (1): 111–136. doi:10.1007/s10437-015-9184-9. ISSN 0263-0338.
  6. ^ Michael Hodd, East African Handbook, (Trade & Travel Publications: 1994), p.640.
  7. ^ "Somalia (1988)". CIA. December 1988. Retrieved 21 February 2007.
  8. ^ Somaliland’s Quest for International Recognition and the HBM-SSC Factor
  9. ^ "The Puntland Speaker visiting Badhan district". Somali Dispatch. 2021. Retrieved 14 June 2021.
  10. ^ Mahmood, Omar (2019). "Overlapping claims by Somaliland and Puntland: The case of Sool and Sanaag" (PDF). Institute for Security Studies: 13. Retrieved 29 May 2021.
  11. ^ "Environmental Study of Degradation in the Sool Plateau and Gebi Valley: Sanaag Region of Northern Somalia" (PDF). Horn Relief. February 2006. Retrieved 6 February 2007.
  12. ^ "Account Suspended". Archived from the original on 2016-03-05. Retrieved 2012-01-28.
  13. ^ Gebrewold, Belachew (2013-03-28). Anatomy of Violence: Understanding the systems of conflict and violence in Africa. Ashgate Publishing Ltd. p. 130. ISBN 9781409499213. Retrieved 14 November 2017.
  14. ^ admin (2021-06-02). "NEC Starts to release Provisional Results of 5 electoral districts". Somaliland Standard. Retrieved 2021-08-04.

External links

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