Stefan Żeromski
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Stefan Żeromski | |
---|---|
Born | Strawczyn, Kingdom of Poland | 14 October 1864
Died | 20 November 1925 Warsaw, Poland | (aged 61)
Pen name | Maurycy Zych, Józef Katerla, Stefan Iksmoreż |
Occupation | Writer |
Nationality | Polish |
Notable works | Przedwiośnie Ludzie bezdomni Popioły Syzyfowe prace |
Spouse | Anna Zawadzka Oktawia Radziwiłłowicz |
Children | Monika Żeromska Adam Żeromski |
Stefan Żeromski ( [ˈstɛfan ʐɛˈrɔmski] (listen); 14 October 1864 – 20 November 1925) was a Polish novelist and dramatist belonging to the Young Poland movement at the turn of the 20th century. He was called the "conscience of Polish literature".[1]
He also wrote under the pen names Maurycy Zych, Józef Katerla, and Stefan Iksmoreż.
He was nominated four times for the Nobel Prize in Literature.[2]
Life[]
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Stefan Żeromski was born on 14 October 1864 at Strawczyn, near Kielce.
On 2 September 1892, he married a widow, Oktawia Rodkiewiczowa, née Radziwiłłowiczówna, whom he had met at a spa in Nałęczów, co-owned by her stepfather. One of the witnesses at the wedding was the novelist Bolesław Prus, an admirer of Oktawia's who had not been in favor of the marriage.[3]
The newlyweds moved to Switzerland, where Żeromski worked from 1892 to 1896 as a librarian at the Polish National Museum in Rapperswil . At Oktawia's request Prus, though no admirer of Żeromski's writings,[4] helped the struggling couple as much as he could.
In 1913 Żeromski started a new family with the painter Anna Zawadzka, whom he had met in 1908; they had a daughter, Monika.
In 1924, in recognition of Żeromski's achievements, President Stanisław Wojciechowski gave him a three-room apartment on the second floor of Warsaw's Royal Castle.[5]
In the same year, Żeromski was shortlisted for the Nobel Prize in literature.[6]
He died on 20 November 1925 in Warsaw.
Selected works[]
- Twilight (Zmierzch, short story, 1892)
- Ravens and Crows Will Peck Us to Pieces (Rozdziobią nas kruki, wrony, 1895)
- Doctor Peter (Doktor Piotr, 1895)
- The Labors of Sisyphus (Syzyfowe prace, 1898), about 19th- and 20th-century Tsarist efforts to russify the Russian-occupied part of Poland)
- Homeless People (Ludzie bezdomni, 1899)
- Ashes ( , 1904)
- Forest Echoes (Echa leśne, 1905)
- The Wages of Sin (Dzieje grzechu, 1908)
- Elegy for a Hetman (Duma o hetmanie, 1908)
- The Rose (Róża, 1909)
- Sułkowski (1910)
- The Faithful River (Wierna rzeka, 1912)
- The Charm of Life (Uroda życia, 1912)
- Struggles with Satan (Walka z szatanem, vols. 1-2, 1916; vol. 3, 1919)
- Wind from the Sea (Wiatr od morza, 1922)
- My Quail Has Fled (Uciekła mi przepióreczka, 1924)
- Seedtime (Przedwiośnie, 1924)
- Journals (Dzienniki, published posthumously, 1953-1956)
Żeromski's works have been translated into several languages. They have been translated into Croatian by a member of the Croatian Academy, Stjepan Musulin.
Films[]
Several of Żeromski's novels have been filmed, by Walerian Borowczyk (Dzieje grzechu, "A Story of Sin"), Andrzej Wajda (Popioły, "Ashes"), and Filip Bajon (Przedwiośnie, "The Spring to Come").
See also[]
- Young Poland
- Republic of Zakopane
- List of Poles
Notes[]
- ^ The Lublin Province Museum: Stefan Żeromski Archived 2011-08-15 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Nomination Database". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2017-04-19.
- ^ Monika Piątkowska, Prus: Śledztwo biograficzne (Prus: A Biographical Investigation), Kraków, Wydawnictwo Znak, 2017, ISBN 978-83-240-4543-3, p. 466.
- ^ Monika Piątkowska, Prus: Śledztwo biograficzne (Prus: A Biographical Investigation), Kraków, Wydawnictwo Znak, 2017, ISBN 978-83-240-4543-3, p. 358.
- ^ Aleksander Gieysztor, Stanisław Herbst, Stanisław Lorentz, Władysław Tomkiewicz, Jan Zachwatowicz, Zamek Królewski w Warszawie (Warsaw's Royal Castle), Warsaw, Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, 1972, p. 173.
- ^ Polish culture: The Stefan Żeromski Museum at www.culture.pl
References[]
- Irena Kwiatkowska-Siemieńska, Stefan Żeromski. La nature dans son expériences et sa pensée (Stefan Żeromski: Nature in His Experiences and Thought), Préface de Jean Fabre, Professeur à la Sorbonne (Preface by Jean Fabre, Professor at the Sorbonne), Paris, Nizet, 1964 (256 pp.).
- Mortkowicz-Olczakowa, Hanna (1961). Bunt wspomnień. Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy.
External links[]
Media related to Stefan Żeromski at Wikimedia Commons
- 1864 births
- 1925 deaths
- People from Kielce County
- People from Kielce Governorate
- Clan of Jelita
- Polish Calvinist and Reformed Christians
- 19th-century Polish novelists
- 20th-century Polish novelists
- 19th-century Polish dramatists and playwrights
- 20th-century Polish dramatists and playwrights
- 19th-century Polish male writers
- 20th-century Polish male writers
- Polish male novelists
- Polish male dramatists and playwrights
- Polish diarists
- Cooperative organizers
- Grand Crosses of the Order of Polonia Restituta
- Commanders of the Order of Polonia Restituta
- 19th-century pseudonymous writers
- 20th-century pseudonymous writers