Steyr M

Steyr M
'Third generation' Steyr M9-A1 with 15-round +2 baseplate magazine
Type	Semi-automatic pistol
Place of origin	Austria
Production history
Designer	Friedrich Aigner,
Designed	1999
Manufacturer	Steyr Mannlicher
Produced	1999–present (.357 SIG production ended 2014)
Variants	See Variants
Specifications
Cartridge	9×19mm Parabellum (L9-A1, M9, S9, M9-A1, S9-A1) 9x21mm (M9, S9, S9-A1—Italian market only) .40 S&W (L40-A1, M40, S40, M40-A1, S40-A1) .357 SIG (M357, M357-A1)
Action	Short recoil, locked breech
Feed system	15-round box magazine. available (M9-A1) 12-round box magazine (M40, M357) 10-round box magazine (S9, S40)
Sights	Fixed iron sights, trapezoid notch and triangular front blade

The Steyr M is a series of semi-automatic pistols developed by Steyr Mannlicher GmbH & Co KG of Austria for police services and the civilian shooting market. Design work on the new pistol began in the early 1990s and the final product known as the M9 (adapted to fire the 9×19mm Parabellum cartridge) was officially unveiled in the spring of 1999.^[1] The M40 version chambered in .40 S&W was developed before the M9, followed later by the M357 (chambered in .357 SIG) and two smaller variants of the M9 and M40 designated the S9 and S40 respectively. These pistols were developed primarily for concealed carry and have a shortened barrel, slide, smaller frame and a reduced magazine capacity.^[1] In 2013 the Steyr M (Medium) and S (Small) form factors were complemented by the L (Large) sized series and the C (Compact) sized series both available in 9×19mm Parabellum and .40 S&W chamberings as the L9-A1, L40-A1, C9-A1 and C40-A1.

Design details[]

The original Steyr M9

'Second generation' Steyr M9-A1

The Steyr M series of pistols employs the mechanically locked Browning short recoil method of operation with a linkless, vertically dropping barrel.^[1][2] The cold-hammer-forged conventional rifled barrel is locked to the slide by means of a single rectangular lug around the barrel chamber that recesses into the ejection port in the slide. When fired, the recoil impulse from the ignited cartridge drives the barrel and slide back, locked together until the bullet leaves the barrel and pressures drop to a safe level. A locking block integrated into the frame then engages a lug at the base of the chamber and drives the barrel downward, separating it from the slide and terminating any further rearward movement while the slide continues back in a straight line.

The Steyr M series uses a very high grip profile which holds the barrel axis close to the shooter's hand and makes the Steyr M more comfortable to shoot by reducing muzzle rise and allowing for faster aim recovery in rapid shooting sequence.

Hammerless and striker-fired, the Steyr M features a double action only (DAO) pre-set trigger mechanism^[1] marketed as a "Reset Action" trigger. When the trigger is in the forward position, the firing pin spring remains lightly compressed (pre-cocked by the forward motion of the slide as it returns to battery). Pulling the trigger all the way to the back will compress the firing pin spring completely, draw the firing pin fully to the rear and position the trigger bar to release the firing pin and fire a round. The trigger travel is 4 mm (0.16 in) with a pull weight of 25 N (5.6 lb_f).^[3]

The pistol has a multi-stage safety system consisting of two automatic internal safeties, two external trigger safeties and a manual lock safety.^[1] The first external trigger safety acts as the primary fail-safe. A small, spring-loaded inner trigger is housed in a wide, outer trigger and cannot be actuated unless the inset trigger is depressed first.^[1] This keeps the trigger from being pulled by an inadvertent off-angle trigger pull. This trigger safety also activates and when released—deactivates the two internal safeties: the firing pin and drop safety. The firing pin safety is contained in the pistol's slide and blocks the longitudinal movement of the striker.^[1] The second trigger safety is an optional, manually operated plastic bar located inside the trigger guard and projecting out from the base of the pistol's frame when activated, revealing a small white dot. This indicates that the pistol is currently incapable of being fired. It is used as an additional safety that disables the trigger with the firing pin spring cocked (after reloading the pistol). This safety is engaged by simultaneously pushing in two buttons on both sides of the frame and then deactivated by simply lifting the trigger finger and pushing the bar up and into the pistol's frame, thus allowing the trigger to be pulled back and the weapon fired.^[3] These safeties enable safe handling of the pistol with a round present in the chamber (the so-called "cocked and locked" condition) and allow for rapid deployment and immediate firing; this arrangement however does not permit the firing mechanism to be re-cocked in case of a misfire after the trigger has been pulled.^[4]

'Second generation' Steyr M40-A1 with magazine and limited access lock key, and manual safety

Other safety features include a loaded chamber indicator and an integrated limited access lock operated using a key to prevent unauthorized use.^[3] The latter key can be either a handcuff key or a special factory-supplied key. If required, the access lock can be omitted. The locking mechanism is located above the trigger area of the pistol and is characterized by a small circular plate with two holes in it (in the police version of the pistols there is a handcuff key hole instead of the two small holes). It has two positions: "F" and "S".^[4] When pushed in and rotated to the "S" position with the provided key, the lock disables the trigger and barrel and prevents the pistol from being disassembled. This unique system of limiting access to the weapon was patented (U.S. Patent 6,212,812) by Friedrich Aigner in 1999.^[4]

The pistols are fed using a detachable steel magazine of the single position feed type with the cartridges arranged in a staggered column pattern. The magazine's follower and floor plate are fabricated from polymer. The magazine catch-release is located on the left side of the frame, directly behind the trigger guard. After expending the last cartridge from the magazine, the pistol's slide remains locked open on the metal slide stop, located on the left side of the frame and operated with the thumb.

The Steyr M is equipped with fixed, low-profile iron sights. The unique sighting arrangement consists of a triangular front sight and a trapezoid rear notch that lead the eye to the target for quicker target acquisition and allow for instinctive aiming.^[2] The front sight contains a non-luminescent white triangle contrast element designed to mate with two white rectangles on the rear sight. Optional adjustable or non-adjustable tritium-illuminated three-dot low light situation sights can also be fitted to the Steyr M; these have a conventional rectangular profile. The original pistol's frame also has proprietary mounting rails for attaching accessories, such as a tactical light or laser pointer.^[4]

The pistol's design takes advantage of modern manufacturing techniques: the slide is precision-milled from steel;^[2] the frame is an injection-molded synthetic polymer^[2] and parts of the trigger and striker mechanisms are pressed from sheet metal.^[4] For the purpose of regular maintenance, the pistol is stripped down into the following components: the barrel, slide, recoil spring, frame and magazine.

While the Steyr M is frequently compared to Glock-series pistols (both are polymer-framed striker-fired pistols, with Tenifer finishes), there are several differences in the details of the design. For example, the M-series had a fully supported chamber in all chamberings from the start (Some Glock models also had this feature from the start, other Glock models evolved to having more supported chambers when compared to their original internal layout), unique triangular/trapezoid sights, a loaded chamber indicator in the form of an extractor protrusion, witness hole on the top rear of the barrel and a rod below the rear sights that sits flush in the rear of the slide when the chamber is empty and is raised slightly when the chamber is loaded for a visual and tactile indicator of the firearm's condition (on third and later generation Glock pistols this feature is present on the extractor on the right slide side) and a different grip angle (111°).

Steyr offers conversion kits to swap 'third generation' models between 9×19mm Parabellum and .40S&W. These kits consist of a slide, barrel, recoil spring assembly and magazine.

Product evolution[]

'Second generation' Steyr S9-A1

'Fourth generation' Steyr L9-A2 MF

Steyr Mannlicher has updated its basic design several times throughout its production history.

Second-generation models[]

In 2004, an improved version of the pistol replaced the original Steyr M in production. The new 'second generation' Steyr M-A1 and S-A1 pistols received several improvements. The grip of the pistol has been redesigned with some textured surfaces as was the magazine well (uses the same magazines), ergonomics have been slightly altered to improve grip, the manual safety button is now optional (not in models sold in the United States, all US imports lack the manual safety) and the lower forward portion of the frame now consists of a STANAG 2324 Picatinny rail for mounting accessories.^[5] Later 'second generation' models also have a modified extractor for easier ejecting of casings.

Third-generation models[]

In 2010, Steyr Mannlicher US began reimporting Steyr M-A1 and S-A1 pistols.^[6] The newly imported 'third generation' Steyr M and S have a revised slide and grip imprinted with the Steyr Arms logo. Post 2009 'third generation' models have a roll pin in the slide just under the rear sight element, feature an improved trigger and 17-round magazines with a +2 baseplate are available for the 9×19mm Parabellum M9-A1, C9-A1 and S9-A1 models. These new 15+2 magazines, designed to compete with the classic Glock 17 rounds magazines, are fully compatible and interchangeable no matter what generation or serie the gun belongs to.

In 2010 the C (Compact) sized C-A1 series was introduced in 9×19mm Parabellum and .40 S&W chamberings as the C9-A1 and C40-A1. This C (Compact) form factor mainly pairs the S (Sub-Compact/Small) barrel lengths to the M (Medium) form factor grip. For Italy only the C9-A1 is offered in the 9×21mm chambering.

In 2013 the Steyr M (Medium), Steyr C (Compact) and S (Sub-Compact/Small) form factors were complemented by the L (Large) sized L-A1 series available in 9×19mm Parabellum that uses 17-round +2 baseplate magazines as the L9-A and .40 S&W chamberings 1 that uses 12-round magazines as the L40-A1. The L-A1 series feature additional serrations on the front sides of the longer slide and 115 mm (4.5 in) barrel length puts it more in line with full-size service pistols offered by other manufacturers.

.357 SIG production ceased in 2014.

Fourth-generation models[]

In 2019 Steyr introduced the A2 MF series in 9×19mm Parabellum in three form factors: the Large size L9-A2 MF, Medium M9-A2 MF and Compact C9-A2 MF. The "MF" in the designations stands for Modular Frame. The 'fourth generation' A2 MF series have a (serialized) removable chassis/trigger pack, making them not backwards compatible to previous series. The revised grip frame features a full length STANAG 2324 Picatinny rail, more aggressive surface texturing, a lengthened beaver tail and is adjustable to user preferences with different sized back-straps and side grip inlay panels. The conspicuous finger support protrusion on the upper half of the grip is omitted and the grip has a flared magazine well. The magazines were modified and feature orange followers. The ejector was modified to counteract erratic spent cartridge case ejection. Dimensionally the A2 MF series are somewhat longer and wider than the preceding A1 series.^[7][8][9]

Distribution[]

Steyr Arms is a wholly owned subsidiary of Steyr Mannlicher GmbH & Co KG and is its exclusive importer and distributor in the United States. Steyr Arms, Inc., 2530 Morgan Rd, Bessemer, AL 35022; (205) 417-8644; www.steyrarms.com

Users[]

Current users[]

•  Cape Verde: ^{[citation needed]}
•  Germany: SEK^{[citation needed]}
•  Georgia: Used by Police SWAT^[10]
•  Malaysia: Royal Malaysian Police^{[citation needed]}
•  Thailand: Royal Thai Air Force, , , ^{[citation needed]}
•  Turkey: Police Special Operation Department

Failed bids[]

•  United Kingdom: 19 M9A1 pistols evaluated as a replacement for the Browning L9A1 pistol, lost to the Glock 17^[11][12]

Gallery[]

• 

  'Third generation' Steyr S9-A1.

• 

  'Third generation' Steyr C9-A1.

• 

  'Third generation' Steyr M9-A1.

• 

  'Third generation' Steyr L9-A1.

• 

  'Third generation' Steyr conversion kit between 9×19mm Parabellum and .40S&W.

• 

  'Fourth generation' Steyr L9-A2 MF.

• 

  Steyr adjustable pistol sights.

• 

  Steyr rectangular pistol sights.

• 

  Steyr triangular/trapezoid pistol sights.

• 

  Steyr M357-A1 with a close up view of the manual safety button.

See also[]

• Caracal pistol - also designed by Wilhelm Bubits

References[]

Bibliography[]

• Kinard, Jeff (2004). Pistols: An Illustrated History of Their Impact. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. ISBN 1-85109-470-9.
• Woźniak, Ryszard; Tomasz Begier (2002). Encyklopedia najnowszej broni palnej—tom 4 R-Z (in Polish). Warsaw, Poland: Bellona. ISBN 83-11-09312-1.

External links[]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Steyr M.

• Steyr Mannlicher—official site
• Steyr L-A1 instruction manual
• Steyr M-A1 instruction manual
• Steyr C-A1 instruction manual
• Steyr S-A1 instruction manual
• Modern Firearms
• REMTEK—Arms
• The Sight M1911A1—Steyr M series history and review
• Steyr M9—brief article Guns Magazine, Oct 1999, by Massad Ayoob