Stygobromus

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Stygobromus
Kenk's amphipod.jpg
Stygobromus kenki
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Arthropoda
Subphylum:
Crustacea
Class:
Malacostraca
Order:
Amphipoda
Family:
Crangonyctidae
Genus:
Stygobromus

Cope, 1872 [1]
Type species
Stygobromus vitreus
Cope, 1872 [2]

Stygobromus is a genus of amphipod crustaceans that live in subterranean habitats. As well as a large number of species in North America,[3] a smaller number of species are also known from Eurasia.[4] Most of the North American species live in areas which were not covered by the Laurentide Ice Sheet, although a few species seem to have survived under the ice.[5] A number of species are on the IUCN Red List as endangered species (EN) or vulnerable species (VU); all the listed species are endemic to the United States. One species, S. lucifugus, is extinct. Stygobromus includes the following species:[6]

  • Holsinger, 1978 (Virginia)
  • Holsinger, 1978 (Georgia)
  • (Stout, 1911)
  • Stygobromus albapinus Taylor & Holsinger, 2011 (Nevada)[7]
  • (Holsinger, 1967) (New York to West Virginia)
  • (F. Müller, 1846)
  • Sidorov, Holsinger et Takhteev, 2010 (Russia)
  • (Derzhavin, 1945) (Azerbaijan)
  • Stygobromus araeus (Holsinger, 1969) VU[8] (Virginia)
  • Stygobromus arizonensis Holsinger, 1974 VU[9]
  • Stygobromus balconis (Hubricht, 1943) VU[10]
  • Holsinger, 1978 (Virginia)
  • Stygobromus barri (Holsinger, 1967) VU[11]
  • Holsinger, 1978 (Tennessee)
  • (Birstein, 1948)
  • Stygobromus bifurcatus (Holsinger, 1967) VU[12]
  • Holsinger, 1978 (Virginia to Pennsylvania)
  • Wang & Holsinger, 2001
  • Holsinger, 1978 (Vermont, New York)
  • Wang & Holsinger, 2001
  • Stygobromus bowmani (Holsinger, 1967) VU[13]
  • Stygobromus canadensis Holsinger, 1980
  • Holsinger, 1978 (North Carolina)
  • Ellis, 1941
  • Wang & Holsinger, 2001
  • Stygobromus clantoni (Creaser, 1934) VU[14]
  • (Dobraenu & Manolache, 1951)
  • Ward, 1977
  • Stygobromus conradi (Holsinger, 1967) VU[15] (Virginia)
  • Stygobromus cooperi (Holsinger, 1967) VU[16] (West Virginia)
  • Wang & Holsinger, 2001
  • Holsinger, 1978 (West Virginia)
  • Holsinger, 1978 (Virginia)
  • Wang & Holsinger, 2001
  • Stygobromus dejectus (Holsinger, 1967) VU[17]
  • (Hubricht, 1943)
  • (Behning, 1928)
  • Holsinger, 1978 (Alabama, Georgia)
  • (Martynov, 1919)
  • Wang & Holsinger, 2001
  • Stygobromus elatus (Holsinger, 1967) VU[18]
  • Holsinger, 1974
  • Stygobromus emarginatus (Hubricht, 1943) VU[19] (Maryland, West Virginia)
  • Stygobromus ephemerus (Holsinger, 1969) VU[20] (Virginia)
  • Holsinger, 1978 (Virginia)
  • Hubricht, 1943
  • Holsinger, 1978 (Tennessee)
  • Holsinger, 1978 (Virginia)
  • Holsinger, 1978 (Tennessee)
  • Stygobromus flagellatus (J. E. Benedict, 1896) VU[21]
  • Wang & Holsinger, 2001
  • Holsinger, 1978 (Maryland)
  • Wang & Holsinger, 2001
  • Wang & Holsinger, 2001
  • (Holsinger, 1967) (Virginia to Pennsylvania)
  • Stygobromus gradyi Holsinger, 1974 VU[22]
  • Holsinger, 1974
  • Holsinger, 1978 (Georgia)
  • Stygobromus hadenoecus (Holsinger, 1966) VU[23]
  • Stygobromus harai Holsinger, 1974 VU[24]
  • Stygobromus hayi (Hubricht & Mackin, 1940) EN[25] (District of Columbia)
  • Wang & Holsinger, 2001
  • Stygobromus heteropodus Hubricht, 1943 VU[26]
  • Holsinger, 1978 (Virginia)
  • Ward, 1977
  • Holsinger, 2009 [27]
  • Stygobromus hubbsi Shoemaker, 1942 VU[28]
  • Wang & Holsinger, 2001
  • (Dershavin, 1939)
  • Wang & Holsinger, 2001
  • Wang & Holsinger, 2001
  • Stygobromus indentatus (Holsinger, 1967) VU[29] (North Carolina, Virginia)
  • Holsinger, 1978 (Alabama)
  • Holsinger, 1978 (Virginia)
  • (Dobreanu, Manolache & Piascariu, 1952)
  • Wang & Holsinger, 2001
  • Hubricht, 1943
  • (Martynov, 1931)
  • Wang & Holsinger, 2001
  • (Shoemaker, 1920)
  • Kulkina, 1992
  • Stygobromus kenki Holsinger, 1978 (District of Columbia, Virginia)
  • Holsinger, 1974
  • Wang & Holsinger, 2001
  • Wang & Holsinger, 2001
  • Holsinger, 1978 (Virginia)
  • (Mateus & Mateus, 1991)
  • (G. Karaman, 1991)
  • Wang & Holsinger, 2001
  • (S. Karaman, 1929)
  • Stygobromus longipes (Holsinger, 1966) VU[30]
  • Stygobromus lucifugus (Hay, 1882) EX[31]
  • Stygobromus mackenziei Holsinger, 1974 VU[32]
  • Hubricht, 1943 (Tennessee to West Virginia)
  • (Borutsky, 1929)
  • Sidorov, Holsinger et Takhteev, 2010 (Russia)
  • Holsinger, 1978 (Georgia)
  • Holsinger, 1974
  • Stygobromus montanus (Holsinger, 1967) VU[33]
  • Stygobromus morrisoni (Holsinger, 1967) VU[34] (Virginia, West Virginia)
  • Stygobromus mundus (Holsinger, 1967) VU[35] (Virginia)
  • Wang & Holsinger, 2001
  • Holsinger, 1974
  • Holsinger, 1978 (West Virginia)
  • Stygobromus nortoni (Holsinger, 1969) VU[36]
  • Holsinger, 1978 (Virginia)
  • Holsinger, 1974
  • Stygobromus onondagaensis (Hubricht & Mackin, 1940) VU[37]
  • Holsinger, 1974
  • Stygobromus ozarkensis (Holsinger, 1967) VU[38]
  • Stygobromus parvus (Holsinger, 1969) VU[39] (Virginia)
  • Stygobromus pecki (Holsinger, 1967) EN[40]
  • Ward, 1977
  • (Birstein, 1948)
  • Holsinger, 1978 (Virginia)
  • Stygobromus pizzinii (Shoemaker, 1938) VU[41] (Virginia to Pennsylvania)
  • Holsinger, 1978 (Virginia)
  • Holsinger, 1978 (Virginia)
  • (Martynov, 1930) (Russia)
  • Stygobromus putealis (Holmes, 1909) VU[42]
  • Holsinger, 1974
  • Holsinger & Shaw, 1987
  • Wang & Holsinger, 2001
  • Holsinger, 1978 (West Virginia)
  • Stygobromus reddelli (Holsinger, 1966) VU[43]
  • Wang & Holsinger, 2001
  • Stygobromus russelli (Holsinger, 1967)
  • Wang & Holsinger, 2001
  • Bousfield & Holsinger, 1981
  • Holsinger, 1974
  • Holsinger, 1974
  • Wang & Holsinger, 2001
  • Stygobromus smithi Hubricht, 1943 VU[44]
  • Holsinger, 1978 (Tennessee)
  • Stygobromus spinatus (Holsinger, 1967) VU[45] (West Virginia)
  • (Hubricht & Mackin, 1940) (Virginia)
  • (Derzhavin, 1930)
  • Holsinger, 1978 (Virginia)
  • Stygobromus stellmacki (Holsinger, 1967) VU[46] (Pennsylvania)
  • Stygobromus subtilis (Hubricht, 1943) VU[47]
  • Holsinger, 1974
  • (S. I. Smith, 1874) (Connecticut to Maryland)
  • Wang & Holsinger, 2001
  • Holsinger, 1974
  • Wang & Holsinger, 2001
  • Wang & Holsinger, 2001
  • Cope, 1872
  • (Behning, 1940)
  • Wang & Holsinger, 2001
  • Wang & Holsinger, 2001
  • Stygobromus wengerorum Holsinger, 1974 VU[48]

References[]

  1. ^ "Stygobromus". Integrated Taxonomic Information System.
  2. ^ John R. Holsinger (1978). "Systematics of the subterranean amphipod genus Stygobromus (Gammaridae). Part II: Species of the Eastern United States". Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology. 266: 1–144. doi:10.5479/si.00810282.266.
  3. ^ David C. Culver; John R. Holsinger; Mary C. Christman & Tanja Pipan (2010). "Morphological differences among eyeless amphipods in the genus Stygobromus dwelling in different subterranean habitats". Journal of Crustacean Biology. 30 (1): 68–74. doi:10.1651/09-3156.1.
  4. ^ John R. Holsinger (1987). "Redescription of the stygobiont amphipod crustacean Stygobromus pusillus (Crangonyctidae) from the Soviet Union, with comments on taxonomic and zoogeographic relationships". Journal of Crustacean Biology. 7 (2): 249–257. doi:10.2307/1548605. JSTOR 1548605.
  5. ^ John R. Holsinger. "Stygobromus – Distribution Map". Old Dominion University. Retrieved June 24, 2010.
  6. ^ Jim Lowry (2009). "Stygobromus Cope, 1872". World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved June 25, 2010.
  7. ^ Steven Taylor & John Holsinger (2011). "A new species of the subterranean amphipod crustacean genus Stygobromus (Crangonyctidae) from a cave in Nevada, USA". Subterranean Biology. 8: 39–48. doi:10.3897/subtbiol.8.1230.
  8. ^ Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus araeus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996: e.T20973A9240768. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T20973A9240768.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  9. ^ Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus arizonensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996: e.T20974A9240867. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T20974A9240867.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  10. ^ Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus balconis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996: e.T21013A9244273. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T21013A9244273.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  11. ^ Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus barri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996: e.T20976A9240966. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T20976A9240966.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  12. ^ Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus bifurcatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996: e.T20977A9241065. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T20977A9241065.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  13. ^ Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus bowmani". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996: e.T20978A9241164. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T20978A9241164.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  14. ^ Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus clantoni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996: e.T20979A9241263. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T20979A9241263.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  15. ^ Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus conradi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996: e.T20980A9241510. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T20980A9241510.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  16. ^ Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus cooperi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996: e.T20981A9241609. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T20981A9241609.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  17. ^ Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus dejectus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996: e.T20982A9241708. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T20982A9241708.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  18. ^ Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus elatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996: e.T20983A9235267. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T20983A9235267.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  19. ^ Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus emarginatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996: e.T20984A9235396. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T20984A9235396.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  20. ^ Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus ephemerus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996: e.T20985A9235656. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T20985A9235656.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  21. ^ Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus flagellatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996: e.T20986A9235526. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T20986A9235526.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  22. ^ Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus gradyi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996: e.T20987A9235786. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T20987A9235786.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  23. ^ Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus hadenoecus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996: e.T20988A9235916. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T20988A9235916.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  24. ^ Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus harai". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996: e.T20989A9241807. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T20989A9241807.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  25. ^ Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus hayi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996: e.T20990A9241906. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T20990A9241906.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  26. ^ Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus heteropodus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996: e.T20991A9242005. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T20991A9242005.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  27. ^ Holsinger, J. R (2009). "Stygobromus hubbardi". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved January 30, 2019.
  28. ^ Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus hubbsi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996: e.T20992A9242104. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T20992A9242104.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  29. ^ Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus identatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996: e.T20993A9242203. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T20993A9242203.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  30. ^ Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus longipes". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996: e.T20994A9242306. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T20994A9242306.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  31. ^ World Conservation Monitoring Centre (1996). "Stygobromus lucifugus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996: e.T20995A9242405. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T20995A9242405.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  32. ^ Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus mackenziei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996: e.T20996A9242501. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T20996A9242501.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  33. ^ Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus montanus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996: e.T20997A9242600. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T20997A9242600.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  34. ^ Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus morrisoni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996: e.T20998A9242699. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T20998A9242699.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  35. ^ Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus mundus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996: e.T21014A9244384. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T21014A9244384.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  36. ^ Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus nortoni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996: e.T21000A9242894. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T21000A9242894.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  37. ^ Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus onondagaensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996: e.T21001A9242993. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T21001A9242993.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  38. ^ Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus ozarkensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996: e.T21002A9243092. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T21002A9243092.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  39. ^ Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus parvus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996: e.T21003A9243191. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T21003A9243191.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  40. ^ Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus pecki". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996: e.T21004A9243290. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T21004A9243290.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  41. ^ Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus pizzinii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996: e.T21005A9243389. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T21005A9243389.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  42. ^ Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus putealis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996: e.T21006A9243488. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T21006A9243488.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  43. ^ Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus reddelli". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996: e.T21007A9243587. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T21007A9243587.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  44. ^ Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus smithii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996: e.T21008A9243686. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T21008A9243686.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  45. ^ Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus spinatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996: e.T21009A9243785. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T21009A9243785.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  46. ^ Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus stellmacki". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996: e.T21010A9243976. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T21010A9243976.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  47. ^ Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus subtilis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996: e.T21011A9244075. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T21011A9244075.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  48. ^ Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus wengerorum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996: e.T21012A9244174. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T21012A9244174.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
Retrieved from ""