Suppression of Communism Act, 1950
Suppression of Communism Act, 1950 | |
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Parliament of South Africa | |
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Long title | |
Citation | Act No. 44 of 1950 |
Territorial extent | South Africa, South West Africa |
Enacted by | Parliament of South Africa |
Assented to | 26 June 1950 |
Commenced | 17 July 1950 |
Repealed | 2 July 1982 |
Administered by | Minister of Justice |
Repealed by | |
Internal Security Act, 1982 | |
Keywords | |
Anti-communism, political repression, internal exile, censorship | |
Status: Repealed |
The Suppression of Communism Act, 1950 (Act No. 44 of 1950), renamed the Internal Security Act in 1976, was legislation of the national government in apartheid South Africa which formally banned the Communist Party of South Africa and proscribed any party or group subscribing to communism, according to a uniquely broad definition of the term. It was also used as the basis to place individuals under banning orders, and its practical effect was to isolate and silence voices of dissent.
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Mass_Meeting_at_Durban_on_May_28%2C_1950_to_protest_against_Group_Area_Bill_and_Suppression_of_Communism_Bill.jpg/220px-Mass_Meeting_at_Durban_on_May_28%2C_1950_to_protest_against_Group_Area_Bill_and_Suppression_of_Communism_Bill.jpg)
Description[]
The Act, which came into effect on 17 July 1950,[1] defined communism as any scheme aimed at achieving change—whether economic, social, political, or industrial—"by the promotion of disturbance or disorder" or any act encouraging "feelings of hostility between the European and the non-European races [...] calculated to further [disorder]". The Minister of Justice could deem any person to be a communist if he found that person's aims to be aligned with these aims, and could issue an order severely restricting the freedoms of anyone deemed to be a communist. After a nominal two-week appeal period, the person's status as a communist became an unreviewable matter of fact, and subjected the person to being barred from public participation, restricted in movement, or imprisoned.[2][3]
The government justified passage of the Act by noting the involvement of members of the South African Communist Party in the internal resistance to apartheid.[4]
Effect[]
The Act was worded in such a way that anyone who opposed government policy could be deemed a communist. Since the Act explicitly declared that communism sought to encourage racial disharmony, it was frequently used to legally gag critics of racial segregation and apartheid. The Act defined communism so sweepingly that defendants were frequently convicted of "statutory communism". Justice Frans Rumpff, presiding in the 1952 trial of African National Congress (ANC) leaders, observed that such an offence might have "nothing to do with communism as it is commonly known."[5]
The Act facilitated the government suppression of organisations such as the ANC and others which advocated for equal rights for people of colour.[4] The Act forced these groups to go underground with their activism. Because of this Act, groups such as uMkhonto we Sizwe, led by Nelson Mandela as a branch of the ANC, did seek financial support from the Communist Party.[citation needed]
Superseded 1982[]
Most of the Act was replaced in 1982 by the Internal Security Act, 1982.[6]
References[]
- ^ General South African History Timelines South African History Online
- ^ Separate and Unequal South Africa: A Country Study, Library of Congress.
- ^ "Justice Takes Its Course". Time. 28 July 1952. Archived from the original on 25 November 2010. Retrieved 24 December 2008.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Byrnes, Rita M. (1996). "Legislative Implementation of Apartheid". South Africa: A Country Study. Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress.
- ^ "Death the Leveler". Time. 15 December 1952. Archived from the original on 13 February 2009. Retrieved 24 December 2008.
- ^ "The legal veneer". South African History Online. 31 July 2013. Retrieved 17 March 2019.
...from the book A Crime Against Humanity - Analysing the Repression of the Apartheid State edited by Max Coleman, (Cape Town)
Further reading[]
- Benson, Mary. Nelson Mandela: The Man and the Movement, 2nd Edition. W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 978-0-393-31281-2
- Byrnes, Rita M. (ed.). South Africa a Country Study (Area Handbook Series). Claitor's Law Books and Publishing Division. ISBN 978-1-57980-355-1
External links[]
- Communism in South Africa
- Apartheid laws in South Africa
- Anti-communism
- 1950 in South African law
- Law enforcement in South Africa
- Political and cultural purges
- Counterinsurgency
- Cold War in Africa
- South African Communist Party