Swedish Transport Administration electric road program

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The Swedish Transport Administration electric road program (Swedish: Trafikverkets Program för Elvägar) or Swedish Transport Administration Electrification Program (Swedish: Trafikverkets Program för Elektrifiering)[1] is a program involving the assessment, planning, and implementation of an electric road national infrastructure for Sweden by Trafikverket, the Swedish Transport Administration.

Assessments of various electric road technologies in Sweden began in 2013.[2]: 12  A standard for ground-level power supply electric roads is scheduled to be approved and published by November 7, 2022.[3] The final report of the Swedish electrification commission is expected by the end of 2022.[4] By early 2023, Trafikverket's chosen technology for electric roads is expected to be announced.[5] The first permanent electric road in Sweden is planned to be completed by 2025 on a section of the E20 route between Hallsberg and Örebro, followed by an expansion of further 3000 kilometers of electric roads by 2045.[6]

Technology[]

TRL (formerly Transport Research Laboratory) lists three power delivery types for dynamic charging, or charging while the vehicle is in motion: overhead power lines, and ground level power through rail or induction. TRL lists overhead power as the most technologically mature solution which provides the highest levels of power, but the technology is unsuitable for non-commercial vehicles. Ground-level power is suitable for all vehicles, with rail being a mature solution with high transfer of power and easily accessible and inspected elements. Inductive charging delivers the least power and requires more roadside equipment than the alternatives.[7]: Appendix D 

Assessment[]

Assessments of various electric road technologies began in 2013.[2]: 12  Initially the Swedish Transport Administration had expected to finish the program's assessment phase by 2022, then begin formulation of the national electric road network the same year, and finish its planning by 2033.[2]: 40  The schedule was accelerated in October 2020, when the Swedish government charged a commission with investigating the standardization, construction, operation, maintenance and financing of electric roads in Sweden.[8] A report generated by TRL in association with the Swedish Transport Administration listed available electric road systems, of which KAIST OLEV, Siemens eHighway, Elways, Elonroad, Bombardier PRIMOVE, and Electreon were estimated to be the most commercial-ready, with OLEV and eHighway already possessing a complete system in 2018.[7]: 13–15  After further investigation the readiness level assessments of OLEV and Electreon were lowered.[9] An interim report summarizing the assessment phase was published in February 2021,[10] and a prelimenary report on the standardization, construction, operation, maintenance and financing of electric roads was submitted September 2021.[8][11]

Assessed technologies[]

Siemens[]

Overhead power lines were first tested through the program, using Siemens eHighway technology. The system was inaugurated in June 2016 in Sandviken municipality near Gävle in central Sweden. A 2-kilometre stretch of the E16 motorway was fitted with trolley wires 5.4 metres above its surface, which supply power at 750 volts DC. Trolleytrucks can connect the power pickups, mounted on mechanical arms or trolley poles, while driving under the wires. The trolley poles allow for a degree of lateral movement, but if the lorry is steered into the outside lane, the trolley poles are lowered automatically and the lorry switches to battery or diesel power.[12] The system as tested is capable of delivering 500 kW of power and has an estimated maintenance period of 20 years.[7]: 140–144 

Elways-Evias[]

Electric truck driving on a public road with Elways ground-level power supply, near Arlanda airport, 2019.

Ground-level conductive rails were tested from 2017 to 2019, using technology by the company Elways. A 2-kilometre stretch of the 893 road between Arlanda airport cargo terminal and the Rosersberg logistics area was fitted with embedded conductor rails as part of the eRoadArlanda project. Short sections of the rails are energized as a compatible vehicle approaches and they are disconnected once the vehicle has passed. The system measures the energy consumed, so that the vehicle owner can be billed.[7]: 146–149  Buses and trucks were tested on the road,[13] and the system is suited for electric cars, and is safe to touch even when the road is flooded with salt water.[14] The system as tested is capable of delivering 200 kW of power and has an estimated maintenance period of 20 years.[7]: 146–149  Evias, which commercializes the technology by Elways,[15] reports that in a pilot with initiated in 2021 the infrastructure successfully delivered 960 kW of power,[16] and hopes to deliver megawatts of power for logistics loading docks and electric aircraft in the future.[17]

Electreon[]

"Electreon" redirects here. For the elementary particle, see electron.

Ground-level inductive coils power delivery was scheduled to begin testing in 2020 using technology by Electreon, an Israeli startup.[18] The system is made of short sections containing copper coils that energize when a vehicle is driving over them and switch off when it's passed, and it supports power metering and a billing for the energy consumed. The system, prior to testing, was estimated to have a maintenance period of 5 years for roadside equipment.[7]: 171–172  Electreon tested receivers capable of up to 25 kW in the pilot.[10]: 27  The pilot is scheduled to conclude in March 2022,[19] however Electreon has requested an extension for another year.[20]

Elonroad[]

Ground-level conductive rails power delivery was scheduled to begin testing in 2020 using technology by Elonroad, a Swedish startup located in Lund. The project EVolutionRoad is a three-year test and demonstration project that will run 2019–2022. The first stretch of road was inaugurated in June 2020[21] and is the first electric road system placed in an urban environment. A conductive pickup under the vehicle connects to the rail via sliding contacts, and the rail is active one meter at a time when covered by the vehicle, making it safe in a city environment. The system measures the energy consumed, so that the vehicle owner can be billed. The system as tested is capable of delivering up to 300 kW with 97% efficiency while driving[22] and it is estimated to have a maintenance period of 10 years.[7]: 167 

Cost[]

Dynamic charging technologies tested by Trafikverket[7][10]
Type
(and developer)		 Power
(and power
pending further
development)		 Million SEK
per km road
both ways		 References
Overhead power
lines (Siemens)		 650 kW
(1000 kW)		 12.4 [7]: 140–144 
[10]: 23–24, 54 
Ground-level power supply
through in-road rail
(Elways and NCC consortium)		 200 kW
(800 kW)		 9.4-10.5 [7]: 146–149 
[10]: 21–23, 54 
Ground-level power supply
through on-road rail
( and ABB consortium)		 300 kW
(500 kW)		 11.5-15.3 [10]: 25–26, 54 
Ground-level power
supply through in-road
inductive coils (Electreon)		 25 kW
(40 kW)		 19.5-20.8 [7]: 171–172 
[10]: 26–28, 54 

The Swedish regulations for state electric roads proposed in 2021 include estimates for different charging system costs for the customer driving different types of electric vehicles. Long-haul and regional haul trucks were found to incur the least costs with fast charging stations, though the conditions for such a fast-charging network are not currently met and it's not clear if they can ever be met,[23] while passenger vehicles were found to incur the least costs with electric road charging.[11]

A 2019 report by the Swedish Electromobility Centre estimates the annualized societal costs of the entire Swedish automotive fleet under each of the three power delivery systems. Each of the systems was found to result in net savings, with the rail system being the most beneficial.[24]: 10–11 

Overhead power lines, despite being the most mature technology and, at the time of the 2019 report, having the least expensive infrastructure, are the most expensive overall because they only allow tall commercial vehicles such as trucks and buses to charge while driving, while non-commercial vehicles cannot use the wires to charge while driving, so they will have to use static charging that requires larger batteries with higher capacities than batteries required with the use of dynamic charging.[24]: 10–11  Though overhead lines had the least expensive infrastructure costs in 2019, by 2021 infrastructure costs of ground-level rail were lower than overhead lines.[10]: 21–24 

Ground-level power supplies allow dynamic charging for all vehicles, which greatly reduces the required battery capacity and size since the battery is charged while it is being used. The reduced battery size and capacity reduces cost by about five billion euros annualized for the entire Swedish automotive fleet. The two types of ground-level power systems are estimated to have equal costs for all the components in aggregate other than infrastructure; the conductive rail infrastructure is estimated to cost about 1 billion euros annualized, while wireless inductive infrastructure is estimated to cost about 2.8 billion euros annualized.[24]: 10–11 

Planning[]

The switch from the assessment phase to the planning phase was estimated to occur in 2022,[2]: 40  but the Swedish government accelerated the program's schedule, and began the planning phase with the creation of the electrification commission in October 2020. The commission will investigate the electrification of heavy transport vehicles, fast charging, and the standardization, construction, operation, maintenance and financing of electric roads in Sweden. A report on the chosen electric road infrastructure was expected by September 2021,[25][8] but the choice was delayed until late 2022 or early 2023.[5] Regulations for electric roads, independent of the chosen technology, were proposed on September 1, 2021.[11]

Construction and operation[]

Business aspects[]

The Swedish Transport Administration anticipates that a national electric road network would require interfaces between several players: the electricity supplier, the power grid company, the vehicle manufacturer, the road owner, the electric road technology operator, the metering and billing provider, and the user of the electric road. The ownership model can vary: the power grid company may own the secondary roadside electrical substations that power the electric road infrastructure or they may be owned by other players, and the power reading and payment system may be owned by a player separate from the infrastructure operator.[26]: 10–11 

ABB formed a consortium that will handle the different aspects of the business model[27] for its ground-level power supply technology.[28][27]

Standardization[]

Alstom, Elonroad, and other companies have, in 2020, begun drafting a standard for ground-level power supply electric roads.[29][30] The European Commission published in 2021 a request for regulation and standardization of electric road systems.[31] Shortly afterward, a working group of the French Ministry of Ecology recommended adopting a European electric road standard formulated with Sweden, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain, Poland, and others.[32] The standard, CENELEC Technical Standard 50717, is scheduled to be approved and published by November 7, 2022.[3]

A report by Research Institutes of Sweden (RISE) recommends that Stockholm County choose the stationary and dynamic charging standards selected by Trafikverket.[33]: 46  RISE recommends dynamic charging infrastructure capable of at least 20kW so vehicles can gain range while driving on the electric road, for driving on peripheral roads;[33]: 40–42  the French Ministry of Ecology working group recommended the same for 44-ton trucks driving at 90 kilometers per hour along a 2% grade, which require 400 kW, or at minimum 250 kW so the truck can charge along flat or gently-sloping roads.[32]: 25 

First permanent electric road[]

The Swedish Transport Administration announced on July 1, 2021, that a section of the E20 route was chosen to be the first permanent electric road in Sweden.[34] Trafikverket is expected to select its procurement providers by April 2022,[35] the choice of technology is expected to be announced by early 2023, and the road is expected to begin operation by 2026.[5] An analysis by the logistics firm Novoleap concluded that the electric road on the E20 section between Hallsberg and Örebro will result, for logistics companies, in reduced capital costs for electric fleets, reduced operating costs, and reduced CO2 emissions. Novoleap notes that the total cost of the electric road may be positive or negative depending on its infrastructure and maintenance costs.[36]

References[]

  1. ^ Trafikverket (June 24, 2020), Trafikverkets Program för Elvägar byter namn
  2. ^ a b c d Swedish Transport Administration (November 29, 2017), National roadmap for electric road systems (PDF), archived from the original (PDF) on November 24, 2020
  3. ^ a b "PD CLC/TS 50717 Technical Requirements for Current Collectors for ground-level feeding system on road vehicles in operation", The British Standards Institution, 2022, archived from the original on February 11, 2022, retrieved February 11, 2022
  4. ^ Kenneth Natanaelsson (March 26, 2021), Elektrifiering av transportsystem (PDF), Trafikverket
  5. ^ a b c "Rebecka Johansson, Ministry of Infrastructure - ERS Regulations, policies and strategies in Sweden", Electric Road Systems - PIARC Online Discussion, November 4, 2021, 14 minutes 25 seconds into the video
  6. ^ Jonas Grönvik (September 1, 2021), "Sverige på väg att bli först med elvägar – Rullar ut ganska snabbt", Ny Teknik
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k D Bateman; et al. (October 8, 2018), Electric Road Systems: a solution for the future (PDF), TRL, archived (PDF) from the original on 3 August 2020, retrieved 10 February 2021
  8. ^ a b c Government Offices of Sweden (October 15, 2020), Regeringen ökar tempot i elektrifieringsarbetet
  9. ^ Martin Gustavsson (May 12, 2020), Maturity of ERS power transfer technologies - 4th Electric Road Systems Conference 2020 (PDF)
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h Analysera förutsättningar och planera för en utbyggnad av elvägar, Swedish Transport Administration, February 2, 2021, archived from the original on 3 February 2021, retrieved 10 February 2021
  11. ^ a b c Regler för statliga elvägar SOU 2021:73 (PDF), Regeringskansliet (Government Offices of Sweden), September 1, 2021, pp. 291–297, archived from the original (PDF) on September 2, 2021
  12. ^ First electric road in Sweden inaugurated, Swedish Transport Administration, June 22, 2016
  13. ^ Mikael Hellgren; Nicholas Honeth, Efficiency of AC conductive eRoad charging system –Analysis of experimental data (PDF)
  14. ^ Daniel Boffey (April 12, 2018), "World's first electrified road for charging vehicles opens in Sweden", The Guardian
  15. ^ Elways - About, archived from the original on April 17, 2021
  16. ^ Per Mattsson (December 19, 2021), "Elvägs-uppstickarens nya giv: Automatiskt ladda bilen på 10 minuter", di.se
  17. ^ Per Mattsson (December 27, 2021), "30 experter: Det här var de största trenderna inom mobilitet 2021", di.se
  18. ^ Eva Janzon (May 2, 2019), Israeler bygger elväg på Gotland, Världen idag
  19. ^ Patrik Widegren (December 13, 2021), "Elvägen på Gotland kan rivas upp nästa år", Sveriges Television
  20. ^ Anna Jutehammar (December 10, 2021), "Elvägen till flyget måste rivas upp efter projektet", Sveriges Radio
  21. ^ "Nästa generations elväg invigd i Lund av sydsvenskt konsortium – med energi- och digitaliseringsminister Anders Ygeman", Mynewsdesk (in Swedish), June 5, 2020, retrieved June 17, 2020
  22. ^ "Elonroad teams with Hydro to build road that dynamically charges electric vehicles". www.hydro.com. Retrieved 2020-06-17.
  23. ^ Börjesson, M., Johansson, M., Kågeson, P. (2021), "The economics of electric roads", Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, Elsevier BV, 125: 102990, doi:10.1016/j.trc.2021.102990, S2CID 214702482
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  25. ^ Government Offices of Sweden (October 15, 2020), Planering för elvägar och snabbladdning
  26. ^ Björn Hasselgren (October 9, 2019), Swedish ERS - program background, current analysis phase and plans ahead (PDF), Swedish Transport Administration
  27. ^ a b ABB (July 13, 2021), Industriföretag och startups skapar innovativt konsortium för att minska koldioxidutsläpp via elvägar
  28. ^ ABB Norge (August 11, 2011), Vi er med på bygging av første permanente el-vei for #tungtrafikk, i Sverige: E20 mellom Hallsberg og Örebro, 21 km, klar i 2025Delivery truckHigh voltage signSmiling face. Elektriske skinner mater lastebiler med strøm via glideskinnerThumbs up, Twitter
  29. ^ PIARC (February 17, 2021), Electric Road Systems - PIARC Online Discussion, 34 minutes 34 seconds, 2 hours 36 minutes 51 seconds, archived from the original on 2021-12-22
  30. ^ Martin G. H. Gustavsson, ed. (March 26, 2021), "Key Messages on Electric Roads - Executive Summary from the CollERS Project" (PDF), CollERS, p. 6, retrieved February 11, 2022
  31. ^ European Commission (July 14, 2021), Proposal for a REGULATION OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL on the deployment of alternative fuels infrastructure, and repealing Directive 2014/94/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council
  32. ^ a b Patrick Pélata; et al. (July 2021), Système de route électrique. Groupe de travail n°1 (PDF), archived from the original (PDF) on October 2, 2021
  33. ^ a b Jakob Rogstadius (December 11, 2021), "Recommendations for Charging Infrastructure in Stockholm County" (PDF), RISE Rapport, 2022:01
  34. ^ Swedish Transport Administration (July 1, 2021), Sveriges första elväg byggs mellan Örebro och Hallsberg
  35. ^ Per Mattsson (January 15, 2022), "30 experter: Överraskningarna som kommer omforma vår mobilitet 2022", di.se
  36. ^ Henrik Wallström (June 5, 2020), Report electric road Region Örebro County (PDF), p. 61, archived from the original (PDF) on January 11, 2022, retrieved January 11, 2022

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