Controlled vocabulary for use in cytology and histology
The Terminologia Histologica (TH ) is the controlled vocabulary for use in cytology and histology .[1] [2] In April 2011, Terminologia Histologica was published online[3] by the Federative International Programme on Anatomical Terminologies (FIPAT), the successor of FCAT.
It was intended to replace . The Nomina Histologica was introduced in 1977, with the fourth edition of Nomina Anatomica .[4]
It was developed by the Federative International Committee on Anatomical Terminology .
Outline [ ]
h1.00: Cytology [1]
h2.00: General histology [2]
H2.00.01.0.00001: Stem cells [3]
H2.00.02.0.00001: Epithelial tissue [4]
H2.00.02.0.01001: Epithelial cell
H2.00.02.0.02001:
H2.00.02.0.03001: Glandular epithelium
H2.00.03.0.00001: Connective and [5]
H2.00.03.0.01001: Connective tissue cells
H2.00.03.0.02001: Extracellular matrix
H2.00.03.0.03001:
H2.00.03.1.00001: Connective tissue proper
H2.00.03.1.01001: Ligaments
H2.00.03.2.00001: Mucoid connective tissue ;
H2.00.03.3.00001: Reticular tissue
H2.00.03.4.00001: Adipose tissue
H2.00.03.5.00001:
H2.00.03.6.00001:
H2.00.03.7.00001: Bone tissue ; Osseous tissue
H2.00.04.0.00001: [6]
H2.00.04.1.00001: Blood cells
H2.00.04.1.01001: Erythrocyte ; Red blood cell
H2.00.04.1.02001: Leucocyte ; White blood cell
H2.00.04.1.03001: Platelet ; Thrombocyte
H2.00.04.2.00001: Plasma
H2.00.04.3.00001: Blood cell production
H2.00.04.4.00001:
H2.00.04.4.01001: Lymphoid tissue
H2.00.05.0.00001: Muscle tissue [7]
H2.00.05.1.00001: Smooth muscle tissue
H2.00.05.2.00001: Striated muscle tissue
H2.00.06.0.00001: Nerve tissue [8]
H2.00.06.1.00001: Neuron
H2.00.06.2.00001: Synapse
H2.00.06.2.00001: Neuroglia
h3.01: Bones [9]
h3.02: Joints [10]
h3.03: Muscles [11]
h3.04: Alimentary system [12]
h3.05: Respiratory system [13]
h3.06: Urinary system [14]
h3.07: Genital system [15]
h3.08: Endocrine system [16]
h3.09: Cardiovascular system [17]
h3.10: Lymphoid system [18]
h3.11: Nervous system [19]
h3.12: The Integument [20]
See also [ ]
Terminologia Embryologica
International Morphological Terminology
References [ ]
External links [ ]
Wikidata has the property:
Links to related articles
Proteins of epithelium
Lateral/cell-cell
Cell adhesion molecules : Adherens junction
Desmosome
Ion channels : Gap junction /Connexon
Basal/cell-matrix
Basal lamina
Hemidesmosome /Tonofibril
Focal adhesion
Costamere
Apical
Cilia /Kinocilium
Microvilli /Stereocilia (STRC )
Structures of the cell / organelles
Endomembrane system
Cell membrane
Nucleus
Endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
Parenthesome
Autophagosome
Vesicle
Exosome
Lysosome
Endosome
Phagosome
Vacuole
Acrosome
Cytoplasmic granule
Cytoskeleton Endosymbionts Other internal
Nucleolus
RNA
Ribosome
Spliceosome
Vault
Cytoplasm
Proteasome
Magnetosome
External
Cell wall
Extracellular matrix
Epithelial tissue
Cells
Squamous
Cuboidal
Columnar
Types
Simple
Simple squamous epithelium
Simple cuboidal epithelium
Simple columnar epithelium
stratified
Stratified squamous epithelium
Stratified cuboidal epithelium
Stratified columnar epithelium
Other
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
Glands
Types
Mechanism
Merocrine
Apocrine
Holocrine
Shape
Tubular gland
Alveolar gland
Secretion
Serous glands
Mucous glands
Components
Myoepithelial cell
Serous demilune
Connective tissue
Physiology Composition
Cells
Resident
Fibroblast
Fibrocyte
Reticular cell
Tendon cell
Adipocyte
Melanocyte
Wandering cells
Extracellular matrix
Types
Proper
Loose Dense
Dense irregular connective tissue
Dense regular connective tissue
Ligament
Tendon
Aponeurosis
Embryonic Specialized
Muscle tissue
Smooth muscle
Calmodulin
Vascular smooth muscle
Striated muscle
Skeletal muscle
Costamere /DAPC
Membrane/ extracellular
Intracellular
Sarcomere / (a, i, and h bands; z and m lines)Connective tissue
Epimysium
Fascicle
Perimysium
Endomysium
Connective tissue in skeletal muscle
General
Cardiac muscle Both
Fiber Cells
Myoblast /Muscle cell
Myosatellite cell
Other
Other/ ungrouped
Nervous tissue
CNS
Tissue Types
Grey matter
White matter
Projection fibers
Association fiber
Commissural fiber
Lemniscus
Nerve tract
Decussation
Neuropil
Meninges
Cell Types
Neuronal
Pyramidal
Purkinje
Granule
Spindle
Medium spiny
Interneuron
Glial
Astrocyte
Ependymal cells
Microglia
Oligodendrocyte
Oligodendrocyte progenitor cell
PNS
General
Dorsal
Ventral
Ramus communicans
Autonomic ganglion (Preganglionic nerve fibers
Postganglionic nerve fibers )
Nerve fascicle
Funiculus
Connective tissues
Epineurium
Perineurium
Endoneurium
Neuroglia
Myelination : Schwann cell
Neurilemma
Myelin incisure
Node of Ranvier
Internodal segment
Satellite glial cell
Neurons /nerve fibers
Parts
Types
Bipolar
Unipolar
Pseudounipolar
Multipolar
Interneuron
Afferent nerve fiber /Sensory neuron
GSA
GVA
SSA
SVA
fibers
Ia or Aα
Ib or Golgi or Aα
II or Aβ and Aγ
III or Aδ or fast pain
IV or C or slow pain
Efferent nerve fiber /Motor neuron
GSE
GVE
SVE
Upper motor neuron
Lower motor neuron
Termination
Synapse
Electrical synapse /Gap junction
Chemical synapse
Synaptic vesicle
Active zone
Postsynaptic density
Autapse
Ribbon synapse
Neuromuscular junction
Sensory receptors
Meissner's corpuscle
Merkel nerve ending
Pacinian corpuscle
Ruffini ending
Muscle spindle
Free nerve ending
Nociceptor
Olfactory receptor neuron
Photoreceptor cell
Hair cell
Taste receptor
Bone and cartilage
Cartilage
perichondrium
fibrocartilage callus
metaphysis
Cells
Types
Bone
Ossification Cells
osteoblast
osteocyte
osteoclast
Matrix Types Regions
subchondral bone
epiphysis
epiphyseal plate /epiphyseal line
metaphysis
diaphysis
condyle
epicondyle
Structure Shapes
long
short
flat
irregular
sesamoid
Joints
Types
synovial : Plane joint
1°
2°
Condyloid joint
Saddle joint
3°
by range of motion: Synarthrosis
Amphiarthrosis
Diarthrosis
Terminology
Kinesiology
Anatomical terms of motion
Agonist /Antagonist
Motions
general: Flexion /Extension
Adduction /Abduction
Internal rotation /External rotation
Elevation /Depression
specialized/lower limbs: Plantarflexion /Dorsiflexion
Eversion /Inversion
Components
capsular: Joint capsule
Synovial membrane
Fibrous membrane
Synovial fluid
Synovial bursa
Articular disk /Meniscus
extracapsular: Ligament
Enthesis
Anatomy of the mouth
Lip
Vermilion border
Frenulum of lower lip
Labial commissure of mouth
Philtrum
White roll
Cheek Palate
Hard palate
Soft palate
Palatine raphe
Incisive papilla
Gums Glands
Parotid gland
Submandibular gland
Sublingual gland
Tubarial salivary gland
Teeth Tongue
Top
Taste bud
Median sulcus
Terminal sulcus
Foramen cecum
Lingual tonsils
Underside
Back of mouth
Anatomy of the gastrointestinal tract , excluding the mouth
Upper
Pharynx
Muscles
Spaces
peripharyngeal
retropharyngeal
parapharyngeal
retrovisceral
danger
prevertebral
Pterygomandibular raphe
Pharyngeal raphe
Buccopharyngeal fascia
Pharyngobasilar fascia
Pyriform sinus
Esophagus Stomach
Curvatures
greater
lesser
Angular incisure
Cardia
Body
Fundus
Pylorus
Gastric mucosa
Gastric folds
Microanatomy
Gastric pits
Gastric glands
Cardiac glands
Fundic glands
Pyloric glands
Foveolar cell
Parietal cell
Gastric chief cell
Enterochromaffin-like cell
Lower
Small intestine
Microanatomy
Intestinal villus
Intestinal gland
Enterocyte
Enteroendocrine cell
Goblet cell
Paneth cell
Duodenum
Suspensory muscle
Major duodenal papilla
Minor duodenal papilla
Duodenojejunal flexure
Brunner's glands
Jejunum Ileum
Large intestine
Cecum Colon Rectum Anal canal
Anus
Anal columns
Anal valves
Anal sinuses
Pectinate line
Internal anal sphincter
Intersphincteric groove
External anal sphincter
Wall
Serosa / Adventitia
Subserosa
Muscular layer
Submucosa
Circular folds
Mucosa
Muscularis mucosa
Anatomy of the liver, pancreas and biliary tree
Liver
Bare area
Cantlie line
Ligamentum venosum
Porta hepatis
Round ligament
Lobes of liver
Fibrous capsule of Glisson
Perisinusoidal space
Liver sinusoid
Portal triad
Lobules of liver
Liver segment
Microanatomy
Hepatocyte
Hepatic stellate cell
Kupffer cell
Liver sinusoidal endothelial cell
Biliary tract
Bile ducts
Intrahepatic bile ducts
Bile canaliculus
Canals of Hering
Interlobular
Left hepatic duct
Right hepatic duct
Common hepatic duct
Gallbladder
Cystic duct
Common bile duct
Ampulla of Vater
Cells
Pancreas
Gross
Ducts
Microanatomy
Pancreatic islets
Centroacinar cell
Stellate cell
Anatomy of the peritoneum and mesentery
General Abdominal
From ventral mesentery
Lesser omentum
Hepatoduodenal ligament
Hepatogastric ligament
Liver
Coronary ligament
(Left triangular ligament
Right triangular ligament
Hepatorenal ligament )
Falciform ligament
Round ligament of liver
Ligamentum venosum
From dorsal mesentery
Greater omentum
Gastrophrenic ligament
Gastrocolic ligament
Gastrosplenic ligament
Mesentery
Splenorenal ligament
Phrenicocolic ligament
Abdominal cavity
Greater sac
Lesser sac
Omental foramen
General
Cystohepatic triangle
Hepatorenal recess
Abdominal wall
Peritoneal recesses
Paracolic gutters
Paramesenteric gutters
Pelvic
Uterus /ovaries
Broad ligament of the uterus
Mesovarium
Mesosalpinx
Mesometrium )
Ovarian ligament
Suspensory ligament of ovary
Recesses
Female
Rectouterine pouch
Rectouterine fold (Uterosacral ligament )
Vesicouterine pouch
Ovarian fossa
Paravesical fossa
Retroperitonium
Male
Rectovesical pouch
Pararectal fossa
Spaces
Extraperitoneal space
Retroperitoneal space
Retropubic space
Anatomy of the lower respiratory tract
Respiratory tree
Lungs
General
Landmarks
Fissures
Superior lobe
Lingula of left lung
Middle lobe of right lung
Inferior lobe
BP segment
Bronchiole : Conducting zone (Terminal bronchiole )
Respiratory zone (Respiratory bronchiole
Alveolar duct
Alveolus
Blood-air barrier )
Cells
Alveolar cells
Club cell
Goblet cell
Anatomy of the urinary system
Kidneys
Layers
Fascia
Capsule
Cortex
Medulla
Lobe
Cortical lobule
Medullary ray
Nephron
Circulation
Arteries
Renal artery
segmental
interlobar
arcuate
interlobular
afferent
Veins
Nephron
Renal corpuscle Renal tubule Juxtaglomerular apparatus
Ureters Bladder
Circulation
Vesical arteries
Vesical veins
Vaginal artery (female)
Detrusor muscle
Median umbilical ligament
Trigone
Urethra
Internal urethral orifice
Urethral sphincters
Male urethra
Urinary meatus
Female reproductive system
Internal
Adnexa
Ovaries
Follicles
corpus
hemorrhagicum
luteum
albicans
Theca of follicle
Follicular antrum
Corona radiata
Zona pellucida
Membrana granulosa
Perivitelline space
Other
Germinal epithelium
Tunica albuginea
cortex
Medulla
Fallopian tubes
Isthmus
Ampulla
Infundibulum
Fimbria
Ostium
Ligaments
Ovarian ligament
Suspensory ligament
Wolffian vestiges
Gartner's duct
Epoophoron
Vesicular appendages of epoophoron
Paroophoron
Uterus
Regions
Body
Cervix
External orifice
Cervical canal
Internal orifice
Supravaginal portion
Vaginal portion
Uterine horns
Layers
Endometrium
Myometrium
Perimetrium
Parametrium
Ligaments General
Vagina
Fossa of vestibule of vagina
Vaginal fornix
Hymen
Vaginal rugae
Support structures
Vaginal epithelium
External
Vulva
Labia
Mons pubis
Labia majora
Pudendal cleft
Labia minora
Frenulum of labia minora
Frenulum of clitoris
Vulval vestibule
Interlabial sulci
Bulb of vestibule
Vaginal orifice
vestibular glands/ducts
Clitoris
Crus of clitoris
Body of clitoris (Corpus cavernosum )
Clitoral glans
Urethra
Other
G-spot
Urethral sponge
Perineal sponge
Male reproductive system
Internal
Seminal tract
Testes Spermatogenesis
Spermatogonium
Spermatocytogenesis
Spermatocyte
Spermatidogenesis
Spermatid
Spermiogenesis
Spermatozoon
Other
Seminiferous tubules
Epididymis
Paradidymis
Spermatic cord
Vas deferens
Ejaculatory duct
Accessory glands
Seminal vesicles
Prostate
Urethral crest
Seminal colliculus
Ejaculatory duct
sinus
ducts
utricle
evolution in monotremes
Bulbourethral glands
External
Penis
root
Crus
Bulb
Fundiform ligament
Suspensory ligament
body
Corpus cavernosum
Corpus spongiosum
glans
fascia
Tunica albuginea
Septum of the penis
Urinary tract
Internal urethral orifice
Urethra
Navicular fossa
External urethral orifice
Lacunae of Morgagni
Urethral gland
Scrotum
layers
Perineal raphe
Scrotal septum
Anatomy of the endocrine system
Pituitary gland
Anterior
Pars intermedia
Pars tuberalis
Pars distalis
Acidophil cell
Somatotropic cell
Prolactin cell
Somatomammotrophic cell
Basophil cell
Corticotropic cell
Gonadotropic cell
Thyrotropic cell
Chromophobe cell
Posterior
Pars nervosa
Median eminence
Stalk
Pituicyte
Herring bodies
Thyroid
Follicular cell
Parafollicular cell
Parathyroid gland Adrenal gland
Gonads Islets of pancreas
Alpha cell
Beta cell
PP cell
Delta cell
Epsilon cell
Pineal gland
Pinealocyte
Corpora arenacea
Other
Anatomy of the heart
General
Surface
base
apex
sulci
coronary
interatrial
anterior interventricular
posterior interventricular
borders
Internal
atria
interatrial septum
pectinate muscles
terminal sulcus
ventricles
interventricular septum
trabeculae carneae
chordae tendineae
papillary muscle
valves
cusps
atrioventricular septum
cardiac skeleton
intervenous tubercle
Chambers
Right heart
(venae cavae , coronary sinus ) → right atrium (atrial appendage , fossa ovalis , limbus of fossa ovalis , crista terminalis , valve of inferior vena cava , valve of coronary sinus ) → tricuspid valve → right ventricle (infundibulum , moderator band/septomarginal trabecula , crista supraventricularis ), → pulmonary valve → (pulmonary artery and pulmonary circulation )
Left heart
(pulmonary veins ) → left atrium (atrial appendage ) → mitral valve → left ventricle → aortic valve (aortic sinus ) → (aorta and systemic circulation )
Layers
Endocardium Myocardium
Conduction system
cardiac pacemaker
SA node
Bachmann's bundle
AV node
bundle of His
bundle branches
Purkinje fibers
Pericardial cavity Pericardium
fibrous pericardium
sternopericardial ligaments
serous pericardium
epicardium/visceral layer
fold of left vena cava
Blood supply
Circulatory system
Coronary circulation
Coronary arteries
Arteries and veins
Vessels
Arteries
Nutrient artery
Arteriole
Elastic artery
Capillaries
Types
Precapillary sphincter
Precapillary resistance
Veins
Vena comitans
Superficial vein
Deep vein
Emissary veins
Venous plexus
Venule
Lymph
Lymphatic vessel
Lymph
Lymph capillary
Circulatory system
Systemic Left heart → Aorta → Arteries → Arterioles → Capillaries → Venules → Veins → Vena cava → (Right heart )
Pulmonary Right heart → Pulmonary arteries → Lungs → Pulmonary vein → (Left heart )
Microanatomy
Microvessel
Microcirculation
Tunica intima
Endothelium
Internal elastic lamina
Tunica media
Tunica externa
Vasa vasorum
Vasa nervorum
Vascular nerves
Rete mirabile
Circulatory anastomosis
Organs of the lymphatic system
Primary organs
Secondary organs
Spleen
Parts
Red pulp
Cords of Billroth
Marginal zone
White pulp
Periarteriolar lymphoid sheaths
Germinal center
Blood vessels
Trabecular arteries
Trabecular veins
Tonsils Lymph nodes
Lymphatic vessel
T cells
B cells
Germinal center
Mantle zone
Marginal zone
MALT
Anatomy of the globe of the human eye
Fibrous tunic (outer)
Uvea/vascular tunic (middle)
Choroid Ciliary body
Ciliary processes
Ciliary muscle
Pars plicata
Pars plana
Iris
Stroma
Pupil
Iris dilator muscle
Iris sphincter muscle
Retina (inner)
Layers
Inner limiting membrane
Nerve fiber layer
Ganglion cell layer
Inner plexiform layer
Inner nuclear layer
Outer plexiform layer
Outer nuclear layer
Cells
Photoreceptor cells (Cone cell , Rod cell ) → (Horizontal cell ) → Bipolar cell → (Amacrine cell ) → Retina ganglion cell (Midget cell , Parasol cell , Bistratified cell , Giant retina ganglion cells , Photosensitive ganglion cell ) → Diencephalon : P cell , M cell , K cell , Muller glia
Other
Macula
Optic disc
Ora serrata
Anatomical regions of the eye
Anterior segment
Adnexa (Eyebrow , Eyelid , Conjunctiva , Lacrimal system , Orbit )
Fibrous tunic
Anterior chamber
Aqueous humour
Iris
Posterior chamber
Ciliary body
Lens
Capsule of lens
Zonule of Zinn
Posterior segment
Vitreous chamber
Retina
Choroid
Other
Keratocytes
Ocular immune system
Optical coherence tomography
Eye care professional
Eye disease
Refractive error
Accommodation
Physiological Optics
Visual perception
The orbit of the eye
Bones
Frontal bone
Zygomatic bone
Maxillary bone
Sphenoid bone
Ethmoid bone
Palatine bone
Lacrimal bone
Muscles
Superior rectus muscle
Inferior rectus muscle
Lateral rectus muscle
Medial rectus muscle
Superior oblique muscle
Trochlea of superior oblique
Inferior oblique muscle
Eyelid
Levator palpebrae superioris muscle
Tarsus
Medial palpebral ligament
Epicanthic fold
Meibomian gland
Ciliary glands
Eyelash
Palpebral fissure
Canthus
Gland of Zeis
Lacrimal apparatus
Lacrimal canaliculi
Lacrimal caruncle
Lacrimal gland
Accessory lacrimal glands
Lacrimal lake
Lacrimal papilla
Lacrimal punctum
Lacrimal sac
Nasolacrimal duct
Other
Anatomy of hearing and balance
Outer ear
Auricle
Ear canal
Auricular muscles
Eardrum
Middle ear
Tympanic cavity
Medial structures
Posterior structures
mastoid cells
aditus to mastoid antrum
pyramidal eminence
Ossicles
Malleus
Incus
Stapes
Muscles
Auditory tube / Eustachian tube
Inner ear
Labyrinths Auditory system
General
Cochlea
Perilymphatic space
Perilymph
Cochlear aqueduct
Cells
Cochlear duct / scala media
Endolymph
Stria vascularis
Spiral ligament
Organ of Corti
Tectorial membrane
Sulcus spiralis
Spiral limbus
Vestibular system
Vestibule
Utricle
Saccule
Kinocilium
Otolith
Vestibular aqueduct
endolymphatic duct
endolymphatic sac
Ductus reuniens
Semicircular canals
Superior
Posterior
Horizontal
Ampullary cupula
Ampullae
Skin and related structures
Skin
Epidermis Basement membrane Dermis
Subcutaneous tissue
Panniculus /Pannus (Panniculus adiposus
Panniculus carnosus )
Membranous layer
Loose connective tissue
Superficial fascia
Adnexa
Skin glands
Sweat glands : Apocrine sweat gland
Eccrine sweat gland
Sebaceous
Hair
Root sheath Hair shaft Muscle Pilosebaceous unit
Nail
Nail matrix
Nail plate
Eponychium
Paronychium
Hyponychium
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