The Longest Day (film)

The Longest Day
Theatrical release poster
Directed by	British & French: Ken Annakin American: Andrew Marton German: Bernhard Wicki
Screenplay by	Cornelius Ryan Romain Gary James Jones David Pursall Jack Seddon
Based on	The Longest Day by Cornelius Ryan
Produced by	Darryl F. Zanuck
Starring	John Wayne Henry Fonda Robert Mitchum Sean Connery Eddie Albert Curd Jürgens Richard Todd Richard Burton Peter Lawford Rod Steiger Irina Demick Gert Fröbe Edmond O'Brien Kenneth More
Cinematography	Jean Bourgoin Walter Wottitz
Edited by	Samuel E. Beetley
Music by	Maurice Jarre
Production companies	Darryl F. Zanuck Productions, Inc.
Distributed by	20th Century Fox
Release date	September 25, 1962 (1962-09-25) (France, U.S.) October 4, 1962 (1962-10-04) (Canada) October 23, 1962 (1962-10-23) (Germany, Mexico, UK)
Running time	178 minutes
Country	United States
Languages	English German French
Budget	$7.75 million[1]
Box office	$50.1 million[2]

The Longest Day is a 1962 American epic war film, shot in black and white and based on Cornelius Ryan's 1959 non-fiction book of the same name^[3] about the D-Day landings at Normandy on June 6, 1944. The film was produced by Darryl F. Zanuck, who paid author Ryan $175,000 for the film rights.^[4] The screenplay was by Ryan, with additional material written by Romain Gary, James Jones, David Pursall, and Jack Seddon. It was directed by Ken Annakin (British and French exteriors), Andrew Marton (American exteriors), and Bernhard Wicki (German scenes).

The Longest Day features a large international ensemble cast including John Wayne, Kenneth More, Richard Todd, Robert Mitchum, Richard Burton, Steve Forrest, Sean Connery, Henry Fonda, Red Buttons, Peter Lawford, Eddie Albert, Jeffrey Hunter, Stuart Whitman, Tom Tryon, Rod Steiger, Leo Genn, Gert Fröbe, Irina Demick, Bourvil, Curd Jürgens, George Segal, Robert Wagner, Paul Anka, and Arletty. Many of these actors played roles that were essentially cameo appearances. In addition, several cast members had seen action as servicemen during the war, including Albert, Fonda, Genn, More, Steiger, and Todd; Todd was among the first British officers to land in Normandy in Operation Overlord, and he participated in the assault on Pegasus Bridge.

The film employed several Axis and Allied military consultants who had been actual participants on D-Day, and many had their roles re-enacted in the film. These included Günther Blumentritt (a former German general), James M. Gavin (an American general), Frederick Morgan (Deputy Chief of Staff at SHAEF), John Howard (who led the airborne assault on the Pegasus Bridge), Lord Lovat (who commanded the 1st Special Service Brigade), Philippe Kieffer (who led his men in the assault on Ouistreham), Marie-Pierre Kœnig (who commanded the Free French Forces in the invasion), Max Pemsel (a German general), Werner Pluskat (the major who was the first German officer to see the invasion fleet), Josef "Pips" Priller (the hot-headed pilot), and Lucie Rommel (widow of Field Marshal Erwin Rommel).

The film won two Academy Awards and was nominated for three others.

Plot synopsis[]

Shot in a docudrama style (with captions identifying the different participants), the film opens in the days leading up to D-Day, concentrating on events on both sides of the English channel. The Allies wait for a break in the poor weather while anticipating the reaction of the Axis forces defending northern France. As Supreme Commander of SHAEF, Gen. Dwight Eisenhower makes the decision to go after reviewing the initial bad weather reports and the reports about the divisions within the German High Command as to where an invasion might happen and what should be their response.

Multiple scenes document the early hours of June 6: Allied airborne troops being sent in to take key locations inland, away from the beaches, and the French resistance reaction to the news that the invasion has started. Also chronicled are important events surrounding D-Day: British troops' glider missions to secure Pegasus Bridge, the counterattacks launched by American paratroopers scattered around Sainte-Mère-Église, the infiltration and sabotage work conducted by the French resistance and SOE agents, and the response by the Wehrmacht to the invasion. Also shown is the uncertainty of German commanders regarding whether this is a feint in preparation for Allied crossings at the Strait of Dover (see Operation Fortitude), where the senior German staff had always assumed that the invasion would begin.

Set-piece scenes include the parachute drop into Sainte-Mère-Église, the advance inshore from the Normandy beaches, the U.S. Ranger Assault Group's assault on the Pointe du Hoc, the attack on Ouistreham by Free French Forces, and the strafing of the beaches by two lone Luftwaffe pilots. The film concludes with a montage showing various Allied units consolidating their beachheads before they advance inland by crossing France to eventually reach Germany.

Cast[]

Note: Characters listed in order of rank.

American[]

Actor	Role	Notes
Henry Grace (dubbed by Allen Swift)	Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower	Supreme Commander, Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force (SHAEF)
Alexander Knox	Lieutenant Gen. Walter Bedell Smith	Chief of Staff, SHAEF
Nicholas Stuart	Lieutenant Gen. Omar N. Bradley	Commander, 1st Army
John Meillon	Rear Admiral Alan G. Kirk	Commander, Western Naval Task Force, U.S. 8th Fleet
Mel Ferrer	Major Gen. Robert Haines	Assistant Commander, SHAEF
Edmond O'Brien	Major Gen. Raymond O. Barton	Commander, 4th Infantry Division
Henry Fonda	Brigadier Gen. Theodore Roosevelt, Jr.	Assistant Commander, 4th Infantry Division
Robert Mitchum	Brigadier Gen. Norman Cota	Assistant Commander, 29th Infantry Division[5]
Robert Ryan	Brigadier Gen. James M. Gavin	Assistant Commander, 82nd Airborne Division
John Crawford	Col. Eugene M. Caffey	Commander, 1st Engineer Special Brigade
Eddie Albert	Col. Lloyd Thompson	Aide-de-camp to Cota, 29th Infantry Division[6]
John Wayne	Lieutenant Col. Benjamin H. Vandervoort	CO, 2nd Battalion, 505th Parachute Infantry Regiment
Bill Nagy	Maj. Waltz	XO, 2nd Battalion, 505th Parachute Infantry Regiment
Fred Dur	Maj. Stoltz	XO, 2nd Ranger Battalion
Rod Steiger	Lieutenant Cmdr. Joseph Witherow Jr.	Commander, USS Satterlee
Steve Forrest	Capt. Harding	XO, 2nd Battalion, 505th Parachute Infantry Regiment
Ray Danton	Capt. Frank	XO, 29th Infantry Division
Don Adams	LJG. Mackenzie	Officer, USS Satterlee
Stuart Whitman	Lt. Sheen	Paratrooper, 2nd Battalion, 505th Parachute Infantry Regiment
Tom Tryon	Lt. Wilson	Paratrooper, 2nd Battalion, 505th Parachute Infantry Regiment
Gary Collins	Ensign Sheeran	Bridge officer, USS Satterlee
Jeffrey Hunter	Sgt. John H. Fuller (later field promoted to Lieutenant)	Combat engineer, 29th Infantry Division. Credited as Jeff Hunter.
Tony Mordente	Specialist Wyman	Cook, 82nd Airborne Division
Bob Steele	Corporal Alexander	Paratrooper, 82nd Airborne Division
Richard Beymer	Pvt. Arthur 'Dutch' Schultz	Paratrooper, 82nd Airborne Division[7]
Red Buttons	Pvt. John Steele	Paratrooper, 2nd Battalion, 505th Parachute Infantry Regiment
Sal Mineo	Pvt. Martini	Paratrooper, 82nd Airborne Division
Roddy McDowall	Pvt. Morris	Infantryman, 4th Infantry Division
George Segal	Pvt. Wohl	Infantryman, 2nd Ranger Battalion
Robert Wagner	Pvt. Keller	Infantryman, 2nd Ranger Battalion
Paul Anka	Pvt. Lowell	Infantryman, 2nd Ranger Battalion
Mark Damon	Pvt. Harris	Infantryman, 29th Infantry Division
Fabian	Pvt. Forte	Infantryman, 2nd Ranger Battalion
Tommy Sands	Pvt. Hunt	Infantryman, 2nd Ranger Battalion
Mickey Knox	Airman Louis	Downed airman with damaged eye
Ron Randell	Joe Williams	War correspondent

British[]

Actor	Role	Notes
Trevor Reid	Gen. Sir Bernard Montgomery	Commander-in-Chief, Allied Armies
John Robinson	Adm. Sir Bertram Ramsay	Commander-in-Chief, Allied Naval Forces
Simon Lack	Air Chief Marshal Sir Trafford Leigh-Mallory	Commander-in-Chief, Allied Expeditionary Air Force (AEAF)
Louis Mounier	Air Chief Marshal Sir Arthur Tedder	Deputy Supreme Commander, Allied Expeditionary Forces
Walter Horsbrugh	Rear-Adm. George Creasy	Chief of Staff to Admiral Ramsay
Leo Genn	Major-Gen. Hollander	XO, SHAEF
Peter Lawford	Brig. Simon Fraser, Lord Lovat	Commander, 1st Special Service Brigade
Patrick Barr	Group Capt. J. M. Stagg	Meteorologist
Kenneth More	Acting Capt. Colin Maud	Beachmaster, Juno Beach, Royal Navy
Richard Todd	Maj. John Howard	OC, "D" Company, 2nd Battalion, Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry
Howard Marion-Crawford	Maj. John Jacob-Vaughan	Medical Officer, 2nd Battalion, Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry
Richard Wattis	Maj. Whaley	6th Airborne Division
Leslie Phillips	Flight Lt. Owens	RAF officer with French Resistance
Lyndon Brook	Lt. Ian Walsh	"D" Company, 2nd Battalion, Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry
Jack Hedley	Lt. Knowles	6th Airborne Division briefing officer
Richard Burton	Flying Officer David Campbell	Fighter pilot, Royal Air Force[8]
Donald Houston	Flying Officer Neil	Fighter pilot, Royal Air Force
John Gregson	Chaplain Wattis	Padre, 6th Airborne Division
Siân Phillips	Chief Wren Jennings	Wren assistant to Stagg
Richard Dawson	Cpl. Purdom
Harry Fowler	Cpl. Lehman	Paratrooper, 6th Airborne Division
Bernard Fox	Lance-Cpl. Hutchinson[9]	Royal Armoured Corps
Norman Rossington	Lance-Cpl. Clough	3rd Infantry Division
Sean Connery	Pte. Flanagan	Infantryman, 3rd Infantry Division[10]
Frank Finlay	Pte. Coke[9]
Michael Medwin	Pte. Watney	Universal Carrier driver, 3rd Infantry Division
Leslie de Laspee	Pte. Bill Millin	Piper, 1st Special Service Brigade
Victor Maddern	Cook
Bryan Coleman	Ronald Callen	War correspondent

French[]

Actor	Role	Notes
Jean Servais	Contre-amiral Robert Jaujard	Commander, 4th Cruiser Division, Free French Naval Forces
Christian Marquand	Capitaine de Corvette Philippe Kieffer	Group leader, 1er Bataillon de Fusiliers Marins Commandos
Georges Rivière	Second-Maître Guy de Montlaur	Section leader, 1er Bataillon de Fusiliers Marins Commandos
Bernard Fresson	Dubocq	Commando, 1er Bataillon de Fusiliers Marins Commandos
Irina Demick	Jeanine Boitard	Partisan, Caen[11]
Yves Barsacq	Marcel	Partisan, Caen
Maurice Poli	Jean	Partisan, Caen
Jean Champion	Édouard	Partisan, Caen
André Bourvil	Alphonse Lenaux	Mayor of Colleville-sur-Orne
Georges Wilson	Alexandre Renaud	Mayor of Sainte-Mère-Église
Jean-Louis Barrault	Father Louis Roulland	Parish priest of Sainte-Mère-Église
Madeleine Renaud	Justine	Mother Superior, Ouistreham
Arletty	Madame Barrault	Resident of Sainte-Mère-Église
Fernand Ledoux	Louis	Elderly farmer
Pauline Carton	Joanna	Louis's housekeeper
Alice Tissot	Gemma	Lenaux's housekeeper
Clément Harari	Arrested Man	Civilian

German[]

Actor	Role	Notes
Paul Hartmann	Generalfeldmarschall Gerd von Rundstedt	CO, OB West
Werner Hinz	Generalfeldmarschall Erwin Rommel	CO, Army Group B
Wolfgang Lukschy	Generaloberst Alfred Jodl	Chief of Operations, Oberkommando der Wehrmacht
Ernst Schröder	Generaloberst Hans von Salmuth	CO, 15th Army
Curd Jürgens	General der Infanterie Günther Blumentritt	Chief of Staff, OB West
Richard Münch	General der Artillerie Erich Marcks	CO, LXXXIV Army Corps
Wolfgang Büttner	Generalleutnant Dr. Hans Speidel	Chief of Staff, Army Group B
Wolfgang Preiss	Generalleutnant Max Pemsel	Chief of Staff, 7th Army
Karl John	Generalleutnant Wolfgang Häger	CO, Luftwaffe Kommando West
Paul Edwin Roth	Oberst Ludwig Schiller
Heinz Reincke	Oberstleutnant Josef Priller	Kommodore, Jagdgeschwader 26
Heinz Spitzner	Oberstleutnant Helmuth Meyer	Chief of Intelligence, 15th Army
Peter van Eyck	Oberstleutnant Karl-Williams Ocker	CO, 352nd Artillery Regiment, 352nd Infantry Division
Walter Gotell	SS-Obersturmbannführer Wilhelm Mohnke	CO, 12th SS Panzer Division Hitlerjugend
Hans Christian Blech	Major Werner Pluskat	CO, 352nd Artillery Regiment, 352nd Infantry Division
Eugene Deckers	Major Becker	Officer in church
Kurt Meisel	Hauptmann Ernst Düring	CO, 352nd Infantry Division
Til Kiwe	Hauptmann Helmuth Lang	Aide-de-camp to Rommel
Hans Söhnker	Hauptmann Witt	Pemsel's staff officer
Robert Freitag	Leutnant Weber	Meyer's aide
Rainer Penkert	Leutnant Fritz Theen	352nd Artillery Regiment, 352nd Infantry Division
Dietmar Schönherr	Leutnant Vogel	Häger's aide
Hartmut Reck	Oberfeldwebel Bernhard Bergsdorf	Pilot, Jagdgeschwader 26
Vicco von Bülow	Oberfeldwebel Leuchter	Pemsel's adjutant
Gert Fröbe	Unteroffizier "Kaffeekanne" ("coffee pot")	Soldier, Wehrmacht
Ruth Hausmeister	Lucie Rommel	Rommel's wife
Michael Hinz	Manfred Rommel	Rommel's son

Production[]

Development[]

French producer Raoul Lévy signed a deal with Simon & Schuster to purchase the filming rights to Cornelius Ryan's book The Longest Day: June 6, 1944 D-Day on March 23, 1960. After finishing The Truth, Lévy set up a deal with the Associated British Picture Corporation and got director Michael Anderson attached. Ryan would receive $100,000, plus $35,000 to write the adaptation's screenplay. Lévy intended to start production in March 1961, filming at Elstree Studios and the English and French coasts. But the project went into a halt once ABPC could not get the $6 million budget Lévy expected. Eventually, former 20th Century Fox mogul Darryl F. Zanuck learned about the book while producing The Big Gamble, and in December purchased Lévy's option for $175,000.^[12] Zanuck's editor friend Elmo Williams wrote a film treatment, which piqued the producer's interest and made him attach Williams to The Longest Day as associate producer and coordinator of battle episodes. Ryan was brought in to write the script, but had conflicts with Zanuck as soon as the two met. Williams was forced to act as a mediator; he would deliver Ryan's script pages to Zanuck, then return them with the latter's annotations.^[13] While Ryan developed the script, Zanuck also brought in other writers for cleanups for the various nationalities, including James Jones for the Americans, Romain Gary for the French, Noël Coward for the British and Erich Maria Remarque for the Germans.^[14] As their contributions to the finished screenplay were relatively minor, Ryan managed to get the screenplay credit after an appeal to the Writers Guild arbitration,^[15] but the four other writers are credited for "additional scenes" in the closing credits.

During pre-production, producer Frank McCarthy, who had worked for the United States Department of War during World War II, arranged for military collaboration with the governments of France, Germany, the United Kingdom and the United States. Zanuck also realized that with eight battle scenes, shooting would be accomplished more expediently if multiple directors and units worked simultaneously, so he hired German directors Gerd Oswald and Bernhard Wicki, British director Ken Annakin, and Hungarian-American director Andrew Marton.^[16] Zanuck's son Richard D. Zanuck was reluctant about the project, particularly the high budget.^[17]

Filming[]

• The film was shot at several French locations including the Île de Ré, Saleccia beach in Saint-Florent, Haute-Corse, Port-en-Bessin-Huppain filling in for Ouistreham, Les Studios de Boulogne in Boulogne-Billancourt, and the actual locations of Pegasus Bridge near Bénouville, Calvados, Sainte-Mère-Église, and Pointe du Hoc.^[18]
• During the filming of the landings at Omaha Beach, the extras appearing as American soldiers did not want to jump off the landing craft into the water because they thought that it would be too cold. Robert Mitchum as Gen. Norman Cota became disgusted with their trepidation. He jumped in first, at which point they followed his example.
• The Rupert paradummies used in the film were far more elaborate and lifelike than those actually used in the decoy parachute drop (Operation Titanic), which were simply canvas or burlap sacks filled with sand. The dummies dressed in American jumpsuits were used in filming the Sainte-Mère-Église sequence.^[18] In the real operation, six Special Air Service soldiers jumped with the dummies and played recordings of loud battle noises to distract the Germans.
• With a budget of $10 million ($82 million in 2019 dollars), this was the most expensive black-and-white film made until 1993, when Schindler's List was released.^[4]
• In the scenes where the paratroopers land, the background noise of frogs croaking was incorrect for northern French frog species and showed that the film probably used an American recording of background night noises.^{[citation needed]}
• Colin Maud lent Kenneth More the actual shillelagh that he carried ashore in the invasion. (More had served as an officer in the Royal Navy during World War II, albeit not as a Beachmaster.) Similarly, Richard Todd wears the beret that he actually wore on D-Day, although he changed the cap-badge to that of Maj. John Howard's regiment, the Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry.
• In the film, three Free French Special Air Service paratroopers jump into France before British and American airborne landings. This is accurate. Thirty-six Free French SAS (4 sticks) jumped into Brittany (Plumelec and Duault) on June 5 at 23:30 (operation Dingson). The first Allied soldiers killed in action were Lt. Den Brotheridge of the 2nd Ox & Bucks Light Infantry as he crossed Pegasus Bridge at 00:22 on June 6, and Corporal Emile Bouétard of the 4th Free French SAS battalion at the same time in Plumelec, Brittany.
• The United States Sixth Fleet extensively supported the filming and made available many amphibious landing ships and craft for scenes filmed in Corsica, though many of the ships were of newer vintage. The Springfield and Little Rock were World War II light cruisers extensively reconfigured into guided missile cruisers, and both were used in the shore bombardment scenes. While the USS Springfield was scrapped in 1980, the USS Little Rock is now a museum ship in Buffalo, New York.
• The film shows the attack by the 2nd Ranger Brigade on the Point de Hoc. The actual landings were slightly further east than shown in the film owing to strong tides and high seas. When entering the bunker, one soldier says the guns were never installed. This is inaccurate as the 155mm guns had been in position until a few days before D-Day but were moved due to heavy bombing. The guns were discovered hidden a few hours later and destroyed.
• Gerd Oswald was the uncredited director of the parachute drop scenes into Sainte-Mère-Église. Darryl F. Zanuck said that he himself directed some uncredited pick-ups with American and British interiors.^[19]
• Elmo Williams was credited as associate producer and coordinator of battle episodes. He later produced the historical World War II film Tora! Tora! Tora! (1970) for Zanuck. It depicted the Japanese surprise attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941, also using the docudrama style.
• French arms dealer and former flying ace Pierre Laureys restored and provided three Supermarine Spitfire aircraft for the scene of an attack on a German column. Laureys himself flew one of the Spitfire aircraft in the film.^[20]

Casting[]

• Charlton Heston actively sought the role of Lt. Col. Benjamin H. Vandervoort, but the last-minute decision of John Wayne to take the role prevented Heston's participation. At 55, Wayne was 28 years older than Vandervoort at the time of action (and 10 years older in real life). All the other major actors accepted $25,000 as payment, but Wayne insisted on $250,000 to punish Zanuck for referring to him as "poor John Wayne" regarding Wayne's problems with his lavish film The Alamo.^[21]
• Zanuck hired more than 2,000 serving soldiers for the film as extras.
• Sgt. Kaffeekanne's (Gert Fröbe) name is German for "coffee pot", which he always carries.
• Several pop stars such as Paul Anka, Tommy Sands and Fabian appear as Rangers together.^[22]
• Bill Millin was the piper who accompanied Lord Lovat to Normandy with his bagpipes, and it is a common misconception that he played himself in the film. He was actually portrayed by Pipe Major Leslie de Laspee, the official piper to the Queen Mother in 1961.^[23][24]
• In Sainte-Mère-Église, Pvt. John Steele from the 82nd Airborne (played by Red Buttons) has been memorialized by the local population with a dummy hanging from a parachute from the church tower on which he accidentally landed.
• Richard Todd played Maj. John Howard, leader of the British airborne assault on the Pegasus Bridge, and Todd himself took part in the real bridge assault on D-Day. He was offered the chance to play himself but took the part of Maj. Howard instead.
• Former President Dwight D. Eisenhower was considered for the role of himself in the film, and he indicated his willingness. However, it was decided that makeup artists couldn't make him appear young enough to play his World War II self. The role of Gen. Eisenhower went to Henry Grace, a set decorator with no acting experience but who had been in the film industry since the mid-1930s. He was a dead ringer for the younger Eisenhower, though his voice differed and is dubbed in the film.
• The film marked the last film appearance of Sean Connery before he was cast in the role of James Bond. Gert Fröbe (Sgt. Kaffeekanne) and Curd Jürgens (Gen. Günther Blumentritt) later played Bond villains Auric Goldfinger (Goldfinger (1964)) and Karl Stromberg (The Spy Who Loved Me) respectively. Connery played Maj. Gen. Roy Urquhart in the 1977 film A Bridge Too Far, which was also based on a book by Cornelius Ryan. Likewise, Wolfgang Preiss played Maj. Gen. Max Pemsel in The Longest Day and Field Marshal Gerd von Rundstedt in A Bridge Too Far.
• Mel Ferrer was originally signed to play the role of Gen. James M. Gavin but withdrew due to a scheduling conflict.^[18]
• According to the 2001 documentary Cleopatra: The Film That Changed Hollywood, Richard Burton and Roddy McDowall were so bored having not been used for several weeks while filming in Rome that they phoned Zanuck begging to do "anything" on his film. They flew themselves to the location and each did a day's filming for their cameos for free.
• One of the stuntmen was Robert Weinstein (1936–2019), a French Jew who narrowly avoided the death camps. In his seventies, he wrote his memoirs with the help of Stéphanie Krug. Vent printanier was published by L'Harmattan, and was subsequently renamed L'orphelin du Vel' D'Hiv for its second edition. In it he recounts the details of his life, including his work on this film.
• Henry Fonda and John Wayne would team up again three years later to make In Harm's Way, a movie about the US Navy set after Pearl Harbor.

Release[]

The film premiered in France on September 25, 1962, followed by the United States on October 4 and 23 for the United Kingdom. Because Fox was suffering with the financial losses of Cleopatra, the studio intended that The Longest Day should have a wide release to reap quick profits. Zanuck forced them to do a proper roadshow theatrical release, even threatening to sell distribution to Warner Bros. if Fox had refused to do so.^[25] The Longest Day eventually became the box office hit Fox needed, with $30.5 million in worldwide theatrical rentals on a $7.5 million budget.^[1] It was the highest-grossing black and white movie at the time. Zanuck's production company (DFZ Productions) received 50% of the profits and by 1964 had received over $5.8 million.^[26]

There were special-release showings of the film in several United States cities. Participants in D-Day were invited to see the film with their fellow soldiers; in Cleveland, Ohio, as one example, this took place at the Hippodrome Theater.^{[citation needed]}

Uniquely for British- and American-produced World War II films of the time, all French and German characters speak in their own languages, with subtitles running below in English. Another version, which was shot simultaneously, has all the actors speaking their lines in English. (This version was used for the film's trailer, as the Germans deliver their lines in English.) However, this version saw limited use during the film's initial release. It was used more extensively during the film's late 1960s re-release.^{[citation needed]}

The film was re-released in 1969 and opened at number one at the US box office with a first week gross of $501,529.^[27] In the first four days of its worldwide re-release in 544 theatres, it grossed $2,846,627.^[28]

Home media[]

The Longest Day was released on LaserDisc in 1989, its first wide-screen and stereo surround home video presentation. A colorized version was released on VHS in 1994, the 50th anniversary of the D-Day invasion. The original monochrome version was subsequently released on DVD on November 6, 2001.^[29]

Reception[]

The day after the film opened at the Warner Theatre in New York City, Bosley Crowther of The New York Times declared: "The total effect of the picture is that of a huge documentary report, adorned and colored by personal details that are thrilling, amusing, ironic, sad ... It is hard to think of a picture, aimed and constructed as this one was, doing any more or any better or leaving one feeling any more exposed to the horror of war as this one does".^[30] Variety described it as "a solid and stunning war epic" that "emerges as a sort of grand scale semi-fictionalized documentary concerning the overall logistics needed for this incredible invasion".^[31] Richard L. Coe of The Washington Post called it "a tingling, eye-gripping, fantastic picture" that "must rank as the screen's most massive battle epic". His only criticism was "the lack of perspective in depicting the German belief that the Normandy landings might not have succeeded had Hitler not taken a sleeping pill ... 'The Longest Day' should have taken infinitely more care to put this German belief, however strongly held, into proper proportion".^[32] Brendan Gill of The New Yorker called the film "a tour de force of audio-visual verisimilitude," but confessed that "my emotions were hardly ever engaged, and I ended, rather to my embarrassment, by being bored". He went on, "Mr. Zanuck made it all the harder for me to take this mock-documentary seriously by stuffing it with innumerable celebrated actors, most of whom make such fugitive appearances that the audience finds itself engaged in a distracting game of instant identification".^[33] The Monthly Film Bulletin stated, "The Longest Day is a monument split down the middle by compromise. At its best, what comes across very strongly is the feeling of immense and careful organisation that went into the whole D-Day operation, the sheer crippling weight of noise, the simple fact that a lot of people died, and the sense of personal confusion and dismay of soldiers wandering alone through the countryside ... But the film is, first and foremost, a spectacle, and therefore it has stars—a multitude of them, often with barely a line to speak, and usually with no real part to play".^[34]

On Rotten Tomatoes the film has an approval rating of 87% based on 23 reviews.^[35]

Accolades[]

Year	Award	Category	Nominee(s)	Result	Ref.
1962	Academy Award	Best Picture	Darryl F. Zanuck	Nominated	[36]
		Best Art Direction, Black-and-White	Ted Haworth, Léon Barsacq, Vincent Korda and Gabriel Béchir	Nominated
		Best Cinematography, Black-and-White	Jean Bourgoin and Walter Wottitz	Won
		Best Film Editing	Samuel E. Beetley	Nominated
		Best Special Effects	Robert MacDonald and Jacques Maumont	Won
	Golden Globe Award	Best Motion Picture – Drama	Darryl F. Zanuck	Nominated	[37]
		Best Cinematography - Black and White	Henri Persin, Walter Wottitz and Jean Bourgoin	Won
	Eddie Awards1	Best Edited Feature Film – Dramatic	Samuel E. Beetley	Won	[38]
	David di Donatello	Best Foreign Production	Darryl F. Zanuck	Won	[39]
	Directors Guild of America Award	Outstanding Directing – Feature Film	Ken Annakin, Andrew Marton and Bernhard Wicki	Nominated	[40]

References[]

Notes[]

Citations[]

Bibliography[]

External links[]

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• The Longest Day at IMDb
• The Longest Day at the TCM Movie Database
• The Longest Day at AllMovie
• The Longest Day at the American Film Institute Catalog
• The Longest Day at Rotten Tomatoes
• The Longest Day at Box Office Mojo
• The Longest Headache