Timeline of Oslo

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Oslo, Norway.

Prior to 1537[]

1000 - St. Clement's Church built (approximate date).^[1]

1050

Oslo founded by Harald Hardrada (approximate date),^[2]^[3] according to Snorre's saga.
Mariakirken built (approximate date).^{[citation needed]}

1070 - Catholic diocese of Oslo established (approximate date).^[4]

1080 (approximate) Old Aker Church erected (still existing)

1153 - Oslo Cathedral School established.^[5]

1240 -

1290s - Akershus Fortress construction begins (approximate date).

1299 - Norwegian capital relocated to Oslo from Bergen.^[5]

1308 - Akershus fortress withstands attack by Eric, Duke of Södermanland

1314 - Haakon V of Norway declared that the provost of St Mary's church should be chancellor of Norway for ever (was abolished in 1679).

1349 - Black Death plague.^[5]

1352 - St. Hallvard's Cathedral and the other Sogne Churches are burned to the ground in a major fire.

After 1537[]

1537 - Reformation, Norway became a client kingdom under the Danish crown, most of the government administration moved to Copenhagen
1567 - city destroyed during Nordic Seven Years' War
1624 - [no]; settlement relocated to newly founded "Christiania,"^[6] "Oslo" remained the name of a village outside the city
1639 - [no] built.^[7]
1641 - [no] (town hall) built.
1643 - Printing press in operation.^[8]
1654 - Vaterland Bridge built.^{[citation needed]}
1686 - Fire ruins ¼ of the city.^{[citation needed]}
1697 - Domkirken (church) built.^[7]
1716 - City occupied by forces of Charles XII of Sweden.^[2]
1769 - first census held and recorded 7469 inhabitants^{[citation needed]}
1771 - The first public theatre is inaugurated.
1780 - Deichman Library founded.^[9]
- The Det Dramatiske Selskab is founded.

19th century[]

1811 - Royal Frederick University^[2] and Selskabet for Oslo Byes Vel (civic group)^[10] founded.
1814
- Christiania became capital in the new state of Norway
- University Botanical Garden (Oslo) established.
1815 Supreme Court of Norway established
1819
- Morgenbladet (newspaper) begins publication.
- Oslo Exchange established.^[11]
- [no] (park) opens.^[10]
1827 - Nybrua (bridge) built.
- The Strömberg Theatre is inaugurated.
1829
- May: Battle of the Square.
- J.W. Cappelens Forlag (publisher) in business.
1836 - National Gallery built.^{[citation needed]}
1837
- Christiania Theatre built.^[12]
- Andreas Tofte becomes mayor.
1838 - Christiania becomes a municipality.^{[citation needed]}
1841 - Akers Mekaniske Verksted in business.
1844 - Toftes Gave (orphanage) established.
1848 - Christiania Bank established.^[13]
1849 - Royal Palace inaugurated.^[2]
1851
- "Cellular prison" begins operating.^[14]
- Oslo host a nordic student meeting.
1852
- Christiania Norwegian Theatre opens.^[15]
- Oslo host a nordic student meeting.
1854 - Eidsvoll-Christiania railroad, the "Main Line", begins operating.^[6]
1855 - Population: 31,715
1857 - Den norske Creditbank headquartered in city.^[13]
1858 - 14 April: 1858 Christiania fire.
1860 - Aftenposten newspaper begins publication.^[11]
1863 - Murder of Knut Grøte occurs.
1866
- District Court established.
- Storting building (for parliament) constructed.
1868 - Norwegian Trekking Association headquartered in city.^[16]
1869 - Oslo host a nordic student meeting.
1872
- Railway Drammen Line begins operating.
- West Station built.
- [no] (bookshop) in business.
1875
- Horse-drawn tram begins operating.
- Commerce School established.^[17]
1876 - [no] founded.^[17]
1878 - City expanded. Frogner, Majorstuen, Torshov, Kampen and Vålerenga are populated and rebuilt.^{[citation needed]}
1879 -Husebyrennet ski race held first time
1881 - May: Wergeland monument unveiled in Eidsvolls plass.
1885
- 26 February: 1885 speed skating race at Frognerkilen takes place.
- [no] founded.
1892 - Holmenkollbakken (ski jump) built, Husebyrennet became Holmenkollen Ski Festival.
1894 - Electric tram begins operating.
1897 - Centralteatret opens.^[15]
1898 - Tram Holmenkollen Line begins operating.^[10]
1899 - Nationaltheateret (theatre) built.^{[citation needed]}
1900 - Postage meter (machine) introduced.^[18]

20th century[]

1901 - Nobel Peace Prize ceremony begins.
1904 - Norwegian Nobel Institute established.
1905 - Haakon VII became first king of independent Norway
1907 - Norwegian School of Theology established.
1908 - [no] established.
1910 - Population: 241,834.^[19]
1912 - Kjeller Airport begins operating.
1913 - Det Norske Teatret opened
1914 - 1914 Jubilee Exhibition held.
1916 - City Parks Department established.^[10]
1920 - Synagogue built.
1925 - City renamed "Oslo," the "Oslo" suburb renamed "Old Town" (Gamlebyen)^[20]
1926 - Ankerbrua (bridge) rebuilt.
1928
- Underground Oslo Metro begins operating.
- [no] (bridge) built.
1929
- Det Nye Teater opens.^[12]
- Eldorado Cinema (Oslo) in business.^[21]
1932 - Oslo breakfast introduced in schools.
1934
- Railway Sognsvann Line begins operating.^[10]
- [no] (cinema) opens.^[21]
1940 - 9 April: German occupation begins,^[2] King and cabinet escaped
1941
- September: Milk strike occurs.
- Bredtvet concentration camp in operation.
1942
- 25 September: Oslo Mosquito raid by British forces.
- 26 November: Norwegian Jews deported to Auschwitz from Oslo harbour
1943 - 19 December: 1943 Filipstad explosion.
1944 - [no] (sculpture) unveiled in Frogner Park.
1945
- 8 May German capitulation
- 7 June King Haakon returned to Oslo and Allied occupation ended
1946
- Armed Forces Museum (Norway) established.
- Population: 417,238.^[2]
1948 - Aker becomes part of city.^[2]
1950 - Oslo City Hall completed after 19 years construction.^[2]
1952 - February: 1952 Winter Olympics held in Oslo.
1954 - [no] (ski race) begins.
1959
- Peace Research Institute Oslo founded.^[22]
- [no] built.
1963
- Club 7 active.
- Munch Museum opens.
1972 - [no] built.
1973 - Oslo Airport location controversy.
1977 - Oslo Concert Hall opens.
1980
- Norwegian Institute for Defence Studies established.^[22]
- Oslo Central Station, Nationaltheatret Station, and Oslo Tunnel open.
1982 - Blitz (movement) begins.
1990
- Oslo Spektrum (arena) opens.
- Festningstunnelen opened
1992
- [no] (city archives) established.^[23]
- Ann-Marit Sæbønes becomes mayor.
1993
- Israeli-Palestinian peace negotiations ("Oslo Accords") take place in Oslo.^[20]
- Islamic Council Norway headquartered in city.^[24]
1994
- Oslo Courthouse built.
- Stenersen Museum opens.
1995
- [no] (bridge) built.
- Per Ditlev-Simonsen becomes mayor.
1998
- Rikshospitalet (hospital) opens.
- Railway Gardermoen Line begins operating.
2000 - City celebrates thousand-year jubilee.

21st century[]

2001 - January: Demonstration following Hermansen murder.^[20]
2002
- June: World Bank Oslo 2002 Protests.
- Population: 516,467 city;^[25] 783,829 metro.^[11]
2003
- Oslo Bysykkel (bikeshare) begins operating.^[26]
2004
- 22 August: Robbery takes place at the Munch Museum.^[6]
- [no] (mosque) established.
2006 - Central Jamaat-e Ahl-e Sunnat (mosque) opens.^[27]
2007 - Fabian Stang becomes mayor.
2008 - Oslo Opera House opens.
2009 - Stian Berger Røsland becomes governing mayor.
2011
- FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 2011
- 22 July: Bombing in Regjeringskvartalet; 69 people are massacred on the nearby Utøya island.
- [no] (bridge) and [no] built.
2012 - 16 April: Breivik trial begins.
2014
- March: Bid for the 2022 Winter Olympics submitted.
- Future Library project organized.^[28]
- Population: 647,676 city; 942,084 metro.
2015
- September: [no] held.
- 22 July Information Center opens.
2018
- December: The city's urban area passed one million people for the first time.

References[]

^ St. Clement's Church on Norske kirkebygg Norske-kirkebygg
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Leon E. Seltzer, ed. (1952), Columbia Lippincott Gazetteer of the World, New York: Columbia University Press, p. 1396, OL 6112221M
^ Hans Andersson (2003). "Urbanization". In Knut Helle (ed.). Cambridge History of Scandinavia. 1: Prehistory to 1520. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-47299-9.
^ "Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: Norway". Roman Catholic Diocese of Oslo. Retrieved 30 September 2015.
^ ^a ^b ^c Jan Sjåvik (2008). Historical Dictionary of Norway. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-6408-5.
^ ^a ^b ^c Jan Sjåvik (2008). "Chronology". Historical Dictionary of Norway. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-6408-5.
^ ^a ^b [no] (2012). "State church and church state: churches and their interiors in post-Reformation Norway, 1537-1705". In Andrew Spicer (ed.). Lutheran Churches in Early Modern Europe. Ashgate. ISBN 978-0-7546-6583-0.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ Henri Bouchot (1890). "Topographical index of the principal towns where early printing presses were established". In H. Grevel (ed.). The book: its printers, illustrators, and binders, from Gutenberg to the present time. London: H. Grevel & Co.
^ "Christiania", Norway and Sweden, Leipzig: Karl Baedeker, 1882
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Luccarelli 2012.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Norway". Europa World Year Book. Europa Publications. 2004. ISBN 978-1-85743-255-8.
^ ^a ^b Don Rubin; et al., eds. (1994). "Norway". World Encyclopedia of Contemporary Theatre: Europe. Routledge. pp. 616+. ISBN 9780415251570.
^ ^a ^b "Norway". International Banking Directory. Bankers Publishing Company. 1920.
^ Mitchel P. Roth (2006). "Chronology". Prisons and Prison Systems: A Global Encyclopedia. Greenwood. ISBN 978-0-313-32856-5.
^ ^a ^b Martin Banham, ed. (1995). "Norway". Cambridge Guide to Theatre. Cambridge University Press. p. 799+. ISBN 978-0-521-43437-9.
^ A.J. Mackintosh (1907). "Mountaineering Clubs, 1857-1907". Alpine Journal. UK (177).
^ ^a ^b N.R. Bull, ed. (1907). Norges Statskalender ... 1908 (in Norwegian). Kristiania: Aschehoug & Co.
^ Patrick Robertson (2011). Robertson's Book of Firsts. Bloomsbury. ISBN 978-1-60819-738-5.
^ "Norway". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Norway Profile: Timeline", BBC News, retrieved 30 September 2015
^ ^a ^b "Movie Theaters in Oslo". CinemaTreasures.org. Los Angeles: Cinema Treasures LLC. Retrieved 30 September 2015.
^ ^a ^b "Organizations". International Relations and Security Network. Switzerland: Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich. Retrieved 30 September 2015.
^ "Oslo byarkiv". [no] (in Norwegian). Norwegian Institute of Local History. Retrieved 30 September 2015.
^ Jørgen S. Nielsen; et al., eds. (2013). "Norway". Yearbook of Muslims in Europe. 5. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-25586-9.
^ "Population Statistics". Statistics Norway. Retrieved 30 September 2015.
^ "Exploring Bike-Shares In Other Cities". New York Bike Share Project. Storefront for Art and Architecture. Retrieved 30 September 2015.
^ "Islam i Norge: Oslo" [Islam in Norway: Oslo]. Islam.no (in Norwegian). Oslo: Den Islamske Informasjonsforeningen. Retrieved 30 September 2015.
^ "The Value of Art No One Alive Will Ever Experience", The Atlantic, USA, June 2015

This article incorporates information from the Norwegian Wikipedia.

Bibliography[]

Published in the 19th century

David Brewster, ed. (1830). "Christiania". Edinburgh Encyclopædia. Edinburgh: William Blackwood.
John Thomson (1845), "Christiania", New Universal Gazetteer and Geographical Dictionary, London: H.G. Bohn
George Henry Townsend (1867), "Christiania", A Manual of Dates (2nd ed.), London: Frederick Warne & Co. – via Internet Archive
William Henry Overall, ed. (1870). "Christiania". Dictionary of Chronology. London: William Tegg – via HathiTrust.
"Description of Christiania". Traveler's Guide in Sweden and the Most Interesting Places in Norway. Stockholm: Adolf Bonnier. 1871.
"Christiania". Norway: illustrated handbook for travellers. Christiania: Chr. Tønsberg. 1875.
John Ramsay McCulloch (1880), "Christiania", in Hugh G. Reid (ed.), A Dictionary, Practical, Theoretical and Historical of Commerce and Commercial Navigation, London: Longmans, Green, and Co.
"Christiania", Hand-book for Travellers in Norway (7th ed.), London: J. Murray, 1880
Maturin Murray Ballou (1887), "Capital of Norway", Due North; or, Glimpses of Scandinavia and Russia, Boston: Ticknor and Company
Hunger. Knut Hamsun (1890). The ultimate book set in Oslo, "this wondrous city that no one leaves before it has made its marks upon him".
Yngvar Nielsen (1894). Christiania and its environs: illustrated hand-book for travellers. Christiania.

Published in the 20th century

"Christiania". Bennett's Handbook for Travellers in Norway. Christiana: T. Bennett & Sons. 1902.
"Christiania". Bradshaw's Through Routes to the Capitals of the World, and Overland Guide to India, Persia, and the Far East. London: Henry Blacklock. 1903.
"Christiania", Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.), New York, 1910, OCLC 14782424
Benjamin Vincent (1910), "Christiania", Haydn's Dictionary of Dates (25th ed.), London: Ward, Lock & Co. – via HathiTrust
Esther Singleton (1913), "City of Christiania", Great Cities of Europe, Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Page
The Big Foxhunt. Ingvar Ambjørnsen (1983). Set in the late 1970s, telling the story of a young hash dealer.
Beatles. Lars Saabye Christensen (1984). About growing up in the 1960s.
Shyness and Dignity. Dag Solstad (1994).

Published in the 21st century

Mark Luccarelli; Per Gunnar Røe, eds. (2012). Green Oslo: Visions, Planning and Discourse. Ashgate. ISBN 978-1-4094-7351-0.

External links[]

Map of Oslo, 1981
Europeana. Items related to Oslo, various dates
Digital Public Library of America. Items related to Oslo, various dates.

[1] St. Clement's Church on Norske kirkebygg Norske-kirkebygg

[seltzer1952-2] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Leon E. Seltzer, ed. (1952), Columbia Lippincott Gazetteer of the World, New York: Columbia University Press, p. 1396, OL 6112221M

[3] Hans Andersson (2003). "Urbanization". In Knut Helle (ed.). Cambridge History of Scandinavia. 1: Prehistory to 1520. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-47299-9.

[katolsk-4] "Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: Norway". Roman Catholic Diocese of Oslo. Retrieved 30 September 2015.

[Sjavik2008-5] Jan Sjåvik (2008). Historical Dictionary of Norway. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-6408-5.

[Sjavik2008chronology-6] Jan Sjåvik (2008). "Chronology". Historical Dictionary of Norway. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-6408-5.

[ekroll2012-7] [no] (2012). "State church and church state: churches and their interiors in post-Reformation Norway, 1537-1705". In Andrew Spicer (ed.). Lutheran Churches in Early Modern Europe. Ashgate. ISBN 978-0-7546-6583-0.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[Bouchot1890-8] Henri Bouchot (1890). "Topographical index of the principal towns where early printing presses were established". In H. Grevel (ed.). The book: its printers, illustrators, and binders, from Gutenberg to the present time. London: H. Grevel & Co.

[baedeker1882-9] "Christiania", Norway and Sweden, Leipzig: Karl Baedeker, 1882

[FOOTNOTELuccarelli2012-10] Luccarelli 2012.

[europa2004-11] "Norway". Europa World Year Book. Europa Publications. 2004. ISBN 978-1-85743-255-8.

[Rubin1994-12] Don Rubin; et al., eds. (1994). "Norway". World Encyclopedia of Contemporary Theatre: Europe. Routledge. pp. 616+. ISBN 9780415251570.

[banking1920-13] "Norway". International Banking Directory. Bankers Publishing Company. 1920.

[Roth2006-14] Mitchel P. Roth (2006). "Chronology". Prisons and Prison Systems: A Global Encyclopedia. Greenwood. ISBN 978-0-313-32856-5.

[Banham1995-15] Martin Banham, ed. (1995). "Norway". Cambridge Guide to Theatre. Cambridge University Press. p. 799+. ISBN 978-0-521-43437-9.

[16] A.J. Mackintosh (1907). "Mountaineering Clubs, 1857-1907". Alpine Journal. UK (177).

[Statskalender1908-17] N.R. Bull, ed. (1907). Norges Statskalender ... 1908 (in Norwegian). Kristiania: Aschehoug & Co.

[Robertson2011-18] Patrick Robertson (2011). Robertson's Book of Firsts. Bloomsbury. ISBN 978-1-60819-738-5.

[19] "Norway". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921.

[bbc-timeline-20] "Norway Profile: Timeline", BBC News, retrieved 30 September 2015

[cinema-21] "Movie Theaters in Oslo". CinemaTreasures.org. Los Angeles: Cinema Treasures LLC. Retrieved 30 September 2015.

[ISN-22] "Organizations". International Relations and Security Network. Switzerland: Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich. Retrieved 30 September 2015.

[23] "Oslo byarkiv". [no] (in Norwegian). Norwegian Institute of Local History. Retrieved 30 September 2015.

[Nielsen2013-24] Jørgen S. Nielsen; et al., eds. (2013). "Norway". Yearbook of Muslims in Europe. 5. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-25586-9.

[25] "Population Statistics". Statistics Norway. Retrieved 30 September 2015.

[26] "Exploring Bike-Shares In Other Cities". New York Bike Share Project. Storefront for Art and Architecture. Retrieved 30 September 2015.

[27] "Islam i Norge: Oslo" [Islam in Norway: Oslo]. Islam.no (in Norwegian). Oslo: Den Islamske Informasjonsforeningen. Retrieved 30 September 2015.

[28] "The Value of Art No One Alive Will Ever Experience", The Atlantic, USA, June 2015

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