Timeline of Samarkand

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The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Samarkand, Uzbekistan.

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by with reliable sources.

Prior to 14th century[]

History of Uzbekistan
  • By year
  • Russian period
  • Since 1991
  • Topics: Cities - Politics
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  • 329 BCE - City sacked by Alexander the Great.[1]
  • 260 CE - Sassanians in power (approximate date).
  • 712 - City taken by forces of Umayyad Caliphate under Qutayba ibn Muslim.[1]
  • 751 - Papermaking begins.[2]
  • 806 - Led by Rafi ibn al-Layth, Samarkand revolted against Ali ibn Isa ibn Mahan, Governor of Khurasan due to his oppressive taxation.[3]
  • 819 - Samanid rule of Samarkand begins. Nuh ibn Asad was appointed authority over the city of Samarkand by Caliph Al-Ma'mun's governor of Khurasan, Ghassan ibn 'Abbad, as a reward for his support against the revolt.[4]
  • 841/842- After the death of Nuh ibn Asad, Abdallah, the governor of Khurasan, appointed two of Nuh's brothers, Yahya and Ahmad, to jointly rule over Samarkand.[4]
  • 864/865 - Upon his father Ahmad's death, Nasr I inherits Samarkand.[4]
  • 859 - Rudaki Samarkandi the father of Persian poetry, was born, in the village of rudak.
  • 892 - Isma'il ibn Ahmad, Nasr's brother, moves the capital to Bukhara after Nasr's death.
  • 914 - Nasr II becomes amir of the Samanids after his father Ahmad Samani dies, sparking a revolt in Samarkand, led by his great-uncle .[4]
  • 991 - is given governorship of Samarkand by Samanid amir Nuh II.[4]
  • 999 - Isma'il Muntasir, son of Nuh II, briefly recaptures Samarkand from the Karakhanids before having to abandon it to flee from them, thus definitively ending the Samanid rule of Samarkand.[4]
  • 1000 - Karakhanid , is given the large central area of Transoxiana, including Samarkand and Bukhara as an appanage (approximate date).
  • 1052 - Tamghach Khan Ibrahim, son of Nasr, won control of a large part of Transoxania, and made Samarkand the capital.[5]
  • 1066 - Afrosiab madrasa built by Ibrahim.[6]
  • 1089 - During the reign of Ibrahim's grandson , at the request of the ulama of Transoxiana, the Seljuks entered and took control of Samarkand, together with the domains belonging to the Western Khanate. The Western Karakhanids Khanate became a vassal of the Seljuks.[5]
  • 1141 - After Yelü Dashi's victory over the Seljuks in the Battle of Qatwan north of Samarkand, the Karakhanids became vassals of the Kara-Khitan Khanate. Yelü Dashi spent ninety days in Samarkand, accepting the loyalty of Muslim nobles and appointing as the new ruler of Samarkand.[7]
  • 1158 - Il-Arslan besieged the Karakhanids in Samarkand at the behest of the Qarluks who had been persecuted by them. In the end a peace was mediated where was forced to take back the Qarluk leaders and restore them to their former positions.[8]
  • 1210 - Ala ad-Din Muhammad II, Shah of the Khwarezmian Empire takes Samarkand.[5]
  • 1212 - Supported by , its last Kara-Khanid ruler, the city of Samarkand revolted, killing 8,000-10,000 Khwarezmians living there. Muhammad, in retaliation, sacked the city and executed 10,000 citizens of Samarkand, including Uthman.[9]
  • 1221 - City besieged by forces of Mongol Genghis Khan.[1][10]

14th-19th centuries[]

20th century[]

21st century[]

  • 2001 - Population: 361,339.[19]
  • 2018 - Population: 529,633 (estimate).[20]

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Britannica 1910.
  2. ^ Dard Hunter (1978). "Chronology". Papermaking: The History and Technique of an Ancient Craft. Dover. ISBN 978-0-486-23619-3.
  3. ^ Bosworth, C. E. (1995). "Rāfi' b. al-Layth b. Naṣr b. Sayyār". The Encyclopedia of Islam, New Edition, Volume VIII: Ned–Sam. Leiden and New York: BRILL. pp. 385–386. ISBN 90-04-09834-8.
  4. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Frye, R.N. (1975). "The Sāmānids". In Frye, R.N. (ed.). The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 4: From the Arab Invasion to the Saljuqs. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 136–161. ISBN 0-521-20093-8.
  5. ^ Jump up to: a b c Davidovich, E. A. (1998), "Chapter 6 The Karakhanids", in Asimov, M.S.; Bosworth, C.E. (eds.), History of Civilisations of Central Asia, 4 part I, UNESCO Publishing, pp. 119–144, ISBN 92-3-103467-7
  6. ^ "Samarkand" (PDF). United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. 2000. Retrieved 17 February 2013.
  7. ^ Biran, Michael. The Empire of the Qara Khitai in Eurasian History: Between China and the Islamic World. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2005, p.44.
  8. ^ Biran, Michael. The Empire of the Qara Khitai in Eurasian History: Between China and the Islamic World. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2005.
  9. ^ Rafis Abazov, Palgrave Concise Historical Atlas of Central Asia, (Palgrave Macmillan, 2008), 43.
  10. ^ Henry Lansdell (1885). "Chronology of Russian Central Asia". Russian Central Asia. London: Sampson Low, Marston, Searle, & Rivington – via Hathi Trust.
  11. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e ArchNet.org. "Samarkand". Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA: MIT School of Architecture and Planning. Archived from the original on 5 May 2008. Retrieved 17 February 2013.
  12. ^ "A history of cities in 50 buildings", The Guardian, UK, 2015
  13. ^ Jump up to: a b c Baedeker 1914.
  14. ^ "Russia: Principal Towns". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1890.
  15. ^ Jump up to: a b Railway News. UK. 16 December 1905.
  16. ^ "Russia: Principal Towns: Central Asia". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921.
  17. ^ "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1965. New York: Statistical Office of the United Nations. 1966.
  18. ^ United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1987). "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". 1985 Demographic Yearbook. New York. pp. 247–289.
  19. ^ "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 2011. United Nations Statistics Division. 2012.
  20. ^ "Table 8 - Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants", Demographic Yearbook – 2018, United Nations

Bibliography[]

Published in 19th century
Published in 20th century
  • Michael Myers Shoemaker (1904), "Samarkand", The heart of the Orient: saunterings through Georgia, Armenia, Persia, Turkomania, and Turkestan, to the vale of Paradise, New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons
  • "Samarkand", Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.), New York, 1910, OCLC 14782424 – via Internet Archive
  • William Eleroy Curtis (1911), "Samarkand", Turkestan, New York: Hodder & Stoughton
  • E.G. Kemp (1911), "Samarkand", The Face of Manchuria, Korea, Russian Turkestan, New York: Duffield
  • "Samarkand", Russia, Leipzig: Karl Baedeker, 1914, OCLC 1328163
  • Schellinger and Salkin, ed. (1996). "Samarkand". International Dictionary of Historic Places: Asia and Oceania. UK: Routledge. ISBN 9781884964046.
Published in 21st century
  • "Samarkand". Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art & Architecture. Oxford University Press. 2009.

External links[]

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