Triodia (plant)

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This article is about the genus of grasses. For the genus of moths, see Triodia (moth).
This article is about the grass genus of arid Australia. For true spinifex, or coastal spinifex, see Spinifex (plant).

Triodia
"Triodia pungens" (green) and "Triodia basedowii" (blue-grey)
Triodia pungens (green) and Triodia basedowii (blue-grey)
Scientific classification e
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Clade: Commelinids
Order: Poales
Family: Poaceae
Subfamily: Chloridoideae
Tribe: Cynodonteae
Subtribe: Triodiinae
Genus: Triodia
R.Br., 1810
Synonyms[1][2]
  • Plectrachne

Triodia is a large genus of hummock-forming bunchgrass endemic to Australia. They are known by the common name spinifex, although they are not a part of the coastal genus Spinifex.[1] Many of the soft-leaved members of this species were formerly included in the genus Plectrachne.[3]

It is known as tjanpi in central Australia,[4][5] and is used for basket weaving by the women of various Aboriginal Australian peoples.[6]

A multiaccess key (SpiKey) is available as a free app for the Triodias of the Pilbara (28 species and one hybrid).[7]

Description[]

Triodia is a perennial Australian tussock grass that grows in arid regions. Its leaves (30–40 centimetres long) are subulate (awl-shaped, with a tapering point). The leaf tips, that are high in silica, can break off in the skin, leading to infections.[citation needed]

Uses[]

Spinifex has traditionally had many uses for Aboriginal Australians. The seeds were collected and ground to make seedcakes. Spinifex resin was an important adhesive used in spear-making. Smoke signals were made to communicate with families and groups a long distance away, as burning spinifex produces a strong black smoke.

The species is used for building shelters; bunched together it is used for trapping fish against creek beds. It is called baru in the languages of the Yindjibarndi and Ngarluma people, the English term is hard spinifex.[8]

A controlled burn of Triodia (1989), CSIRO

Species[]

Species currently include:[9][10]

  • Lazarides
  • Lazarides
  • (Burbidge, N.T)
  • (Lazarides) Lazarides
  • Lazarides
  • R.L.Barrett & M.D.Barrett
  • Triodia basedowii E.Pritz. – buck spinifex
  • Lazarides
  • Lazarides
  • (Burbidge, N.T)
  • (F.Muell.) Lazarides
  • (S.W.L.Jacobs) Lazarides
  • (S.W.L.Jacobs) Lazarides – southern porcupine grass
  • S.W.L.Jacobs
  • (C.E.Hubb.) Lazarides
  • G.Armstr.
  • Lazarides
  • (Burbidge, N.T) S.W.L.Jacobs
  • (Burbidge, N.T)
  • (Lazarides) Lazarides
  • R.L.Barrett & M.D.Barrett
  • Benth.
  • (F.Muell.) Lazarides
  • (C.E.Hubb.) Lazarides
  • (C.E.Hubb.) Lazarides
  • S.W.L.Jacobs
  • Barrett, Wells & Dixon
  • C.A.Gardner ex N.T.Burb.
  • (C.E.Hubb.) Lazarides
  • (Burbidge, N.T)
  • (Burbidge, N.T)
  • Lazarides
  • Cheel – winged spinifex
  • (Burbidge, N.T)
  • Triodia irritans (Brown, R) – porcupine grass
  • J.M.Black
  • Domin
  • Lazarides
  • J.M.Black
  • Lazarides
  • Lazarides
  • (Burbidge, N.T)
  • (C.E.Hubb.) Lazarides
  • (Brown, R)
  • Benth. – buck spinifex
  • (Burbidge, N.T) – porcupine grass
  • B.K.Simon
  • (Burbidge, N.T)
  • (Burbidge, N.T)
  • (Brown, R)
  • Lazarides
  • Triodia pungens (Brown, R) – gummy spinifex
  • C.A.Gardner
  • S.W.L.Jacobs
  • (Pilg.) Lazarides
  • (Burbidge, N.T)
  • Lazarides
  • Triodia scariosa (Burbidge, N.T) – porcupine grass
  • (Henrard) Lazarides
  • (Burbidge, N.T)
  • (Burbidge, N.T)
  • Domin
  • S.W.L.Jacobs
  • Lazarides
  • C.A.Gardner
  • (Lazarides) Lazarides
  • Lazarides
  • C.A.Gardner

Formerly included species[]

Numerous species once considered members of Triodia have been reclassified, they are in other genera, which include: Austrofestuca, Chascolytrum, Danthonia, Dasyochloa, Deschampsia, Diplachne, Disakisperma, Erioneuron, Gouinia, Graphephorum, Leptocarydion, Notochloe, Plinthanthesis, Poa, Puccinellia, Rytidosperma, Scolochloa, Spartina, Torreyochloa, Trichoneura, Tridens, Triplasis, Tripogon, and Vaseyochloa.[2]

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ Jump up to: a b M. Lazarides (1997). "A revision of Triodia including Plectrachne (Poaceae, Eragrostideae, Triodiinae)". Australian Systematic Botany. 10 (3): 381–489. doi:10.1071/SB96012.
  2. ^ Jump up to: a b "Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families". kew.org. Retrieved 19 January 2019.
  3. ^ Watson, L., and Dallwitz, M.J. 1992 onwards. The grass genera of the world: descriptions, illustrations, identification, and information retrieval; including synonyms, morphology, anatomy, physiology, phytochemistry, cytology, classification, pathogens, world and local distribution, and references. Version: 28 November 2005
  4. ^ "Special spinifex". Bush Heritage Australia. Retrieved 16 March 2020.
  5. ^ "Fact Sheet: Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park" (PDF). Parks Australia. Retrieved 16 March 2020. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  6. ^ "Our Artists". Tjanpi Desert Weavers. 7 January 2019. Retrieved 16 March 2020.
  7. ^ M.D. Barrett, B.M. Anderson, K.R.Thiele (2017-06-05). "SPIKEY: An interactive key to Triodia spinifex grasses of the Pilbara, Western Australia Version". Welcome to Identic. Retrieved 2020-05-02.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  8. ^ Burndud (1990). Wanggalili; Yinjibarndi and Ngarluma Plants. Juluwarlu Aboriginal Corporation. p. 17.
  9. ^ "Triodia". The Plant List. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
  10. ^ Australia, Atlas of Living. "Triodia". bie.ala.org.au. Retrieved 19 January 2019.

External links[]

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