Type 08

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
ZBL-08
ZBL-08.jpg
ZBL-08
TypeArmoured fighting vehicle
Place of originChina
Service history
In service2008-present
Used bySee Operators
WarsBoko Haram insurgency[1]
Production history
DesignerNorinco
ManufacturerNorinco
Produced2006-present
No. built4500+ [2]
Specifications
Mass15 to 25 t
Length8 m (26 ft)
Width3 m (9.8 ft)
Height2.1 m (6.9 ft) (without turret)
Crew3
Passengers7 to 10
Main
armament
105 mm Royal Ordnance L7 cannon (Anti tank variant)
122 mm howitzer (SPH variant)
155 mm howitzer (SPH variant)
120 mm mortars (self propelled mortar variant)
12.7 mm gun (APC variant)
UW4 30 mm remote weapons station or 30 mm cannon (IFV variant)
35 mm KDG revolver autocannon (anti-aircraft variant)[3]
Secondary
armament
HJ-73 Anti-Tank Guided Missile
7.62 mm machine gun
EngineDeutz BF6M1015C diesel 11.9 litre
440 hp (330 kW)
Transmissionsemi-automatic
Suspension8×8 wheeled
Operational
range
800 km
Maximum speed 100 km/h

The Type 08 (Chinese: 08式轮式装甲车族; pinyin: 08 Shì lúnshì zhuāngjiǎchē zú; lit. 'Type 08 wheeled armored vehicle family')[4] is a family of eight-wheeled amphibious, modular armored vehicle developed by Norinco for infantry fire support, battlefield logistics and quick reaction operations. It is a recent People's Republic of China produced Infantry fighting vehicle for People's Liberation Army Ground Force and People's Liberation Army Marine Corps.[5]

ZBL-08 is the designation for Infantry Fighting variant in the Type 08 vehicle family. The modular design claims to be able to field variety of different models including an APC model, assault gun, an Engineering model, a 122 mm self propelled howitzer model, a 155 mm self propelled howitzer model, an air defense model, a self-propelled mortar model, a reconnaissance model, a command vehicle model and much more.

Development[]

Development of Type 08 vehicle family starts in 1990s, as the successor to other aging Chinese wheeled vehicles. Type 08 was first seen in 2006 undergoing road tests.[6]

Design[]

Overview[]

The Type 08 has modular design that allows customization of the vehicle based on mission. The vehicle consists of six modules: engine module, transmission module, control module, suspension module, hull module, and weapon station module. The vehicle is fitted with digital battlefield management system, satellite navigation system, NBC protection, and automatic fire suppression system. It is able to datalink and communicate with other vehicles as well as the command posts.[6]

Protection[]

The vehicle chassis and turret is made of all-welded steel with mounted alumina ceramic composite plates, providing protection against shell splinters, 12.7mm armor-piercing incendiary rounds at 100 metres (330 ft) and 25 mm projectiles over the frontal arc at 1,000 metres (3,300 ft). The vehicle is fitted with smoke dischargers and laser warning receivers to improve survivability.[7] The vehicle is capable of all weather operation. The driver is equipped with a helmet-mounted night vision system fed from the CCD-based sensors fitted on the vehicle chassis.[8]

Armaments[]

ZBL-08 infantry fighting vehicle, the standard variant of Type 08 family, is equipped with ZPT-99 30mm autocannon and 7.62mm coaxial machine gun. Two HJ-73C ATGM rail launcher are mounted on both sides of the turret. The gunner is equipped with computerized fire control system, gun stabilization with automatic tracking, laser range finder, and thermal imagining device.[9] ZTL-11 assault vehicle is fitted with license-produced L7 105mm rifled gun with capability of launching armor piercing fin stabilized discarding sabot (APFSDS), high explosive (HE), and high-explosive anti-tank (HEAT) ammunitions, as well as the indigenous 105mm gun-fired laser beam riding guided anti-tank missile (ATGM).[10][11] Secondary weapons include 7.62mm coaxial machine gun and 12.7mm roof-mounted heavy machine gun.[12] ZTL-11 assault vehicle is also fitted with ST-16[13] millimeter wave radar suite,[13] similar to the one mounted on Type 99A tank. The radar is designed for target identification (IFF), acquisition and track.[14]

Mobility[]

Type 08 family is powered by the Deutz BF6M1015C water-cooled V-type 6-cylinder diesel engine, developing 440 hp. The tank is equipped with automated manual transmission. The front four wheels are capable of power steering. The maximum speed is 100 km/h with 800km of range on highway. The tank is fully amphibious with hydraulically controlled water jets mounted to the rear. The vehicle is fitted with computer-controlled central tire inflation system and steel-reinforced radial tire to improve mobility under off-road and emergency situation.[15]

Variants[]

Type 08 APC and Type 11 assault gun during the Vostok 2018 military exercises
ZBL-08 (Type 08) Infantry Fighting Vehicle
Original IFV variant with a 30 mm turret based on Shipunov 2A72. It features a crew cabin in the back for infantry transportation. HJ-73C missiles can be optionally mounted on the each side of the turret.
ZSL-10 (Type 10) Armoured Personal Carrier
Based on IFV variant but the modified crew cabin has a higher ceiling. The Armored Personnel Carrier can be armed either with a manually controlled, armour-plate protected 12.7 machine gun or a remote-controlled weapon station.[16] The APC is equipped with ten specialized shock absorbing seats for additional comfort and protection against land mines and improvised explosive device (IED).[17]
Type 08 Armored Reconnaissance Vehicle
Armed with a 30 mm turret, the vehicle has a chassis that is similar to the IFV variant. The Armored Reconnaissance Vehicle will advance before IFVs and assault guns for intelligence gathering. On-board high definition electro-optical cameras, thermal imaging system and laser designator can transmit battlefield and target information for other data-linked vehicles for target identification and designation. The Armored Reconnaissance Vehicle can provide better situational awareness for the infantry. The main radar and electro-optical sight is mounted on a retractable mast and is capable of data-link and image-sharing with other vehicles.[18][19] Aerial reconnaissance capabilities are provided with varies unmanned aerial vehicles. All reconnaissance vehicles are equipped with a launch rail behind the turret, capable of launching ASN-15 with 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) range and one hour endurance. BZK UAV can also be stored and assembled on the spot if longer range aerial reconnaissance is needed. In addition, individual scouts are equipped with hand-launched remote-controlled SUAV similar to RQ-11 Raven.[20]
Type 08 Artillery Reconnaissance Vehicle
The vehicle chassis is based on the APC variant and armed with 12.7 mm machine gun and HJ-73C anti-tank missile. The artillery reconnaissance vehicles does not perform combat reconnaissance missions, instead focusing on target acquisition for artillery battalions, collection of terrain and meteorological data through various observation instruments.[21][18]
Type 08 Electro-Optical Reconnaissance Vehicle
The vehicle chassis is based on the APC variant but with no turret and self-defense weapons. The prominent addition, comparing to other reconnaissance variants, is a rapid-spinning electro-optical surveillance camera that creates 360 degree panoramic video stream. The onboard sensor may include daylight camera, infrared-thermal camera, and night vision camera.[18]
PLL-05 Mortar Carrier
Based on IFV variant. It is armed with a 120 mm dual purpose mortar. The PLL-05 is based on WZ-551 chassis, which is the only non-standardized vehicle chassis in the medium combined arms brigade.
PLL-09 (Type 09) Modular Self-propelled Howitzer system
Based on IFV variant. Can be armed with either a 122 mm or 155 mm howitzer, to provide indirect fire support for infantry.[22]
Type 11 Assault Gun
ZTL-11 (Type 11) Assault Gun
Armed with a 105 mm rifled gun, coaxial machine gun and 12.7 mm anti-air machine gun, the Assault gun is based on the IFV chassis and can provide direct fire support for infantry battalions and engage enemy light vehicles and stationary targets such as bunkers.[12][10] ZTL-11 shares a turret very similar to ZTD-05 amphibious assaults vehicle.[11]
PGL-12 (Type 12) Anti-Air Gun-Missile System
Armed with a single-barrel 35 mm revolver autocannon, derived from the 35 mm anti-aircraft gun system on PGZ-09.[23] Additional air coverage is provided by two FN-6 MANPADS mounted on the top-right side of the turret.[24] The electronics include thermal-tracking sight, targeting and surveillance radars. The data collected by the radars can be data-linked back to command and armored reconnaissance vehicle. Although the system shares the armaments with PGZ-09, the loading mechanism is completely different. Since PGL-12 only has one barrel (whereas PGZ-09 has two), the new gun system requires a higher fire rate for sufficient firepower density. The redesigned unmanned turret with proprietary revolving loading system can provide 1000 rounds/minute rate of fire, increased from the 550 rounds/minute per barrel on the PGZ-09. [25]
PGL-XX (Code name 625) Air Defense Gun-Missile System
Unnamed prototype vehicle featuring a 6-barrel 25 mm gatling gun for short range air defense. code-named "625", PGL-XX was revealed under testing in 2021. It uses 25x287 mm ammunition technology with upgraded radar, computer system and data-link. The 625 anti-air system will be paired with HQ-17A wheeled short-range air-defense system. The gatling gun system was deemed by PLA to be better at counter rocket, artillery, and mortar missions.[26] The vehicle is spotted in a military training mission at Tibet Military District.[27]
Type 08 Command Vehicle
With a modified chassis that has a much higher ceiling than the APC variant, the crew cabin provides a more spacious environment for commanders and staff. Equipped with satellite communication suite and battle management system, the command vehicle can move with the mechanized infantry for better battlefield management.[28]
Type 08 Communication Vehicle
Based on the Command Vehicle variant. It has additional communication equipment on board for the infantry battalion.[19]
Type 08 Armored Ambulance
Based on the Command Vehicle variant. Featuring a modified crew cabin with medical equipment, the Armored Ambulance variant has two Red Cross markers on each side of the vehicle body.[28][29][30]
Type 14 Hazardous Environment Reconnaissance Vehicle[31]
Based on the Command Vehicle variant. Equipped with sensors and equipment for hazardous detection involving nuclear, biological and chemical environment.[32]
Type 08 Electronic Warfare Vehicle
Based on the Command Vehicle variant but the satellite communication suite on top of the vehicle roof is replaced by a rectangular shaped radar with several small radar panels for Electronic Support Measures.[19]
Type 08 Assault Breach Vehicle
Based on the IFV variant. It is equipped with mine plow, mine detection device, and rocket-projected mine clearing line charge (MICLIC).[5][33]
Type 08 Mobile Bridge Builder
Based on the IFV variant. It is equipped with a vehicle-launched bridge on top of the hull.[19][34]
Type 08 Armored Recovery Vehicle
Based on the IFV variant, the turret is replaced by a crane for emergency vehicle service.[35]
Type 08 Armored Cargo Vehicle
Based on the APC variant, the Armored Cargo Vehicle has more bullet-proof windows on the vehicle body.
Type 08 Engineering Vehicle
The vehicle has a unique chassis. It is equipped with tools for road paving and obstacle neutralization. A bulldozer blade is fitted on the front of the vehicle and an excavator bucket is mounted on the front-end of the roof. Waterline marks can also be found on the side of the vehicle body.[5]
VS27
Armored rescue vehicle[36][37]
VE36
Reconnaissance vehicle[36][37]
VE32A
Reconnaissance vehicle[36][37]
CS/SA5
Specialized air defense variant with a 6-barrel Gatling gun. The chassis of CS/SA5 is based on a modified Type 08 IFV. It comes with an air surveillance radar on the rear of the turret roof with a 2-axis adaptive-follow tracking radar situated on the starboard side of the surveillance radar while the thermal-tracking sight situated on the port side can provide visual information of target through fire control computers.
CS/AA5
Specialized IFV variants with a remote-controlled 40mm turret. The chassis of CS/AA5 is based on Type 08 IFV.[38]
VN-1
Export variant based on Type 08 IFV.[16] The VN-1C is armed with a 30 mm remote weapons station and a HJ-73 anti-tank missile.[39]
SWS-2
Export SHORAD gun/missile system variant of the VN-1. It is armed with a 35 mm cannon and four surface-to-air missiles.[40] This vehicle is the export version of the PGL-12 anti-air artillery system.[41]
ST-1
Export variant based on Type 11 Assault gun, armed with a L7 105mm rifled gun.
SH-11
Export-oriented 155 mm self-propelled howitzer armed with a 39-caliber gun, which can be replaced with a 52-caliber gun without changing the chassis. It features a fully automatic loading system and the latest generation of optics.[42][43]
AFT-10 ATGM carrier
First shown at the 2018 Zhuhai Airshow.

Operators[]

Map of ZBL08 operators in blue
 People's Republic of China
  • People's Liberation Army Ground Force - At least 4,300 units of the Type 08 vehicle family in service as of 2021. 2,000 units of ZBL-08; 950 units of ZTL-11; 500 units of ZSL-10; 350 units of PLL-09; 500 units of PLL-05; Uncounted units of PGL-12 and PGL-19; Uncounted units of reconnaissance, engineering and service support vehicles.[2]
  • People's Liberation Army Marine Corps - 100 units
 Gabon
  • Gabonese Army: On display at the 2019 Independence Day parade.[44][45]
 Nigeria
 Thailand
  • The Royal Thai Army (RTA) signed a contract to purchase 38 VN-1 IFVs for first batch.[47] The vehicles will be delivered by 2019 at the price of US$1.695 million each.[48] Thailand ordered 37 more vehicles for second batch.[citation needed] The VN-1 was put into service on February 2021 with the 2nd Cavalry Regiment.[49]
 Venezuela

Potential operators[]

 Argentina
The Argentine Army shows interested in buying the Type 08.[51]
 Brazil
The Chinese government offered the ST-1 to the Brazilian Army in April 2021,[52] under the Army's "VBC Cav" program to obtain 221 units of an 8 x 8 assault gun, for the replacement of the EE-9 Cascavel in operation since 1974.[53]

Gallery[]

  • ZBL-08 IFV in camouflage

  • Smoke discharges on ZTL-11 assault gun

  • Chinese and Russian soldiers checking the ZTL-11 assault gun at Sibu/Interaction-2021 military exercises

  • Rear side of ZTL-11

See also[]

Related development
  • ZBD-03 - airborne combat vehicle developed by China
  • ZBD-04 - tracked infantry fighting vehicle developed by China
  • ZBD-05 - amphibious fighting vehicle developed by China
  • Type 07P - infantry fighting vehicle developed by China for export sales
Comparable ground systems

References[]

  1. ^ https://www.africanmilitaryblog.com/2021/01/nigeria-final-battle-begins
  2. ^ a b International Institute for Strategic Studies (2021). The Military Balance 2021. Routledge. p. 251. ISBN 9781032012278.
  3. ^ China to unveil a new 8x8 self-propelled anti-aicraft [sic] armoured vehicle with single 35mm cannon - Armyrecognition.com, 10 March 2014
  4. ^ "Many variants of the Chinese wheeled combat vehicle family" (in Chinese). Tencent News. Retrieved 3 March 2018.
  5. ^ a b c "ZBL-09 Armored personnel carrier". Military-Today.com. Retrieved 5 December 2013.
  6. ^ a b "ZBL-09". Military Today.
  7. ^ "ZBL-08 "Snow Leopard" - Survivability". globalsecurity.
  8. ^ "ZBL-08 "Snow Leopard" - Crew Systems". globalsecurity.
  9. ^ "ZBL-08 "Snow Leopard" - Lethality". globalsecurity.
  10. ^ a b "ZTL-11 8x8 105mm Mobile Gun System".
  11. ^ a b "New ZTL-11 105mm 8x8 assault gun armored vehicle in service with Chinese army". armyrecognition. 17 May 2020.
  12. ^ a b "NORINCO ZTL-11 (Type 11)".
  13. ^ a b "中国99A型坦克安装一部毫米波雷达 却非防御系统组件". Sina News (in Chinese). 20 July 2020.
  14. ^ "利剑流光照影清：浅谈99A2主战坦克上的毫米波雷达". kknews (in Chinese). 11 July 2017.
  15. ^ "ZBL-08 "Snow Leopard" - Mobility". globalsecurity.
  16. ^ a b "ZBD-09 Snow Leopard". tanks-encyclopedia.
  17. ^ "Type 10 APC and shock absorbing seats". Sina News (in Chinese). 26 November 2018.
  18. ^ a b c "Information on the new generation reconnaissance of PLA". Sohu News (in Chinese). 11 December 2015.
  19. ^ a b c d "Transforming the 8x8 Armored Vehicles in comparison with Stryker". Daily Headline China (in Chinese). 20 May 2016.
  20. ^ "72 Group Army showcases Type 08 Armored Reconnaissance Vehicle and Drones". Tencent News (in Chinese). 18 February 2021.
  21. ^ "PLA Artillery Reconnaissance Vehicle reveled". Sohu News (in Chinese). 11 December 2015.
  22. ^ "PLL-09 self-propelled howitzer system fires at targets". Ministry of Defense of China. 7 July 2018.
  23. ^ "Oerlikon GDF and Chinese 35 mm autocannon family". NetEase 163 News (in Chinese). 28 February 2021.
  24. ^ "官媒公布解放军弹炮合一防空系统，高科技自动装弹机凸显中国军工实力". Tencent News (in Chinese). 1 June 2021.
  25. ^ "Single barrel 35 mm anti-air vehicle revealed. New revolving cannon doubles the fire rate". Sina Military (in Chinese). 28 May 2019.
  26. ^ "625 Strikes Back, why PLA choose 625 8x8 anti-air system for Medium Combined Arms Brigade". NetEase 163 News (in Chinese). 4 February 2021.
  27. ^ "Tibet military region receives 625 anti-air vehicle" (in Chinese). 4 February 2021.
  28. ^ a b Andrew, Martin (19 September 2009). "Modern PLA Armoured Vehicles": 1. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  29. ^ "中國 Vn-1 八輪 裝甲戰鬥車".
  30. ^ "PLA Chinese army commissions new amphibious armored ambulance to plateau troops". Army Recognition. 29 March 2021.
  31. ^ "Rusing into the nuclear blast, Type 14 NBCR vehicle". Sohu News (in Chinese). 27 September 2017.
  32. ^ "Type 08 NBC vehicle revealed". 360 doc (in Chinese). 31 August 2016.
  33. ^ "Sappers launch mine-clearing line charge". Chinese Military. 14 May 2020.
  34. ^ "Review: China army new tracked and wheeled engineer armored vehicles". Army Recognition. 5 April 2021.
  35. ^ "Chinese Wheeled Armored Vehicles". 360Doc (in Chinese). 17 August 2015.
  36. ^ a b c http://xg1.zhuhaisc.com/2ji4yccs/22265-18352-49925.html
  37. ^ a b c https://mil.news.sina.com.cn/china/2018-11-15/doc-ihmutuec0481924.shtml
  38. ^ "The new exoskeletons, tanks and ATVs that China will bring to a future battle: The Ground Gear of the Zhuhai Airshow". Popular Science. 11 November 2016.
  39. ^ http://www.twoeggz.com/news/3225045.html
  40. ^ Foss, Christopher F. (6 July 2016). "China develops SWS2 mobile air-defence system". janes.com. Archived from the original on 6 July 2016. Retrieved 11 November 2018.
  41. ^ "PGL12 35mm AA, maneuvering force of Chinese military". Daily Headline China (in Chinese). 31 March 2021.
  42. ^ https://www.armyrecognition.com/weapons_defence_industry_military_technology_uk/china_defense_industry_unveils_new_sh11_155mm_8x8_self-propelled_howitzer.html
  43. ^ https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/inl4ovhl_Me6_fBnQDR2kg
  44. ^ Erwan de Cherisey (21 August 2019). "Gabon parades VN1 armoured vehicles". IHS Jane's. Archived from the original on 21 August 2019. Retrieved 22 August 2019.
  45. ^ "Chinese-made VN1 8x8 armored vehicle in service with Gabonese army". armyrecognition. 22 August 2019.
  46. ^ "Nigerian military receives tanks, artillery from China". defenceweb. 9 April 2020.
  47. ^ "Thailand Army receives first batch of China-made VN-1 wheeled armored vehicles". Chinese Ministry of Defence. 5 December 2019.
  48. ^ "LIMA2017 ZBL-09/RTA Ordered ZBL-08 (UPDATE)". thaiarmedforce.com. 22 March 2017.
  49. ^ "Royal Thai Army inducts NORINCO VN-1 IFV with the 2nd Cavalry Regiment". armyrecognition. 15 March 2021.
  50. ^ Richard D Fisher Jr; James Hardy (23 November 2014). "Venezuela signs up for VN1, hints at Chinese amphibious vehicles buy". IHS Jane's. Archived from the original on 28 September 2015. Retrieved 1 February 2016.
  51. ^ https://www.monch.com/mpg/news/land/7424-argentina-rekindles-interest-in-norinco-vn-1-vehicle.html
  52. ^ "China negocia com o Exército para entrar no mercado brasileiro de defesa". Veja (in Portuguese). 25 April 2021.
  53. ^ "Brasil avanza en la compra de 221 blindados 8x8 para el Ejército". Infodefensa.com (in Spanish). 8 March 2021.

Retrieved from ""