2002 Asian Games

XIV Asian Games

Host city	Busan, South Korea
Motto	New Vision, New Asia[1] (Korean: 새로운 비전, 새로운 아시아) (saeloun bijeon, saeloun asia)
Nations participating	44
Athletes participating	7,711
Events	419 in 38 sports[2]
Opening ceremony	29 September
Closing ceremony	14 October
Officially opened by	Kim Dae-jung President of South Korea
Officially closed by	Samih Moudallal Vice President of the Olympic Council of Asia
Athlete's Oath	Moon Dae-sung, Ryu Ji-hye
Torch lighter	Ha Hyung-joo, Kye Sun-hui
Main venue	Busan Asiad Main Stadium
Website	busanasiangames.org
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2002 Asian Games Bid process Venues Marketing Concerns and controversies Torch relay Opening ceremony () Medal table () Closing ceremony Event calendar OCA KOC

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The 2002 Asian Games (Korean: 2002년 아시아 경기대회/2002년 아시안 게임, romanized: Icheoni-nyeon Asia gyeonggi daehoe/Icheoni-nyeon Asian Geim), also known as the XIV Asian Games (Korean: 제14회 아시아 경기대회/제14회 아시안 게임, romanized: Jesipsahoe Asia gyeonggi daehoe/Jesipsahoe Asian Geim), were an international multi-sport event held in Busan, South Korea from September 29 to October 14, 2002, with the football event commenced 2 days before the opening ceremony.

Busan is the second city in South Korea, after Seoul in 1986 to host the Games. This was the second time South Korea hosted the event. A total of 419 events in 38 sports were contested by 7,711 athletes from 44 countries.^[3][4] The Games were also co-hosted by its four neighbouring cities: Ulsan, Changwon, Masan and Yangsan.^[5] It was opened by President of South Korea, Kim Dae-jung, at the Busan Asiad Main Stadium.

The final medal tally was led by China, followed by host South Korea and Japan. South Korea set a new record with 95 gold medals. 22 world records, 43 Asian records were broken during the Games.^[6][7][8] In addition, Japanese Swimming Kosuke Kitajima was announced as the most valuable player (MVP) of the Games.

Bidding process[]

Busan was selected over Kaohsiung at the 14th Olympic Council of Asia (OCA) General Assembly in Seoul, South Korea on 23 May 1995. The voting involved 41 members of the sports governing body, with 37 of them supported Busan.^[9][10] After the major upset, Taiwan authorities expressed its disappointment and staged a protest, claimed that the selection of Busan was due to pressure from China, which the OCA officials denied.^[11]

2002 Asian Games bidding result^[12][13]

City	NOC	Votes
Busan	South Korea	37
Kaohsiung	Chinese Taipei	4

Development and preparations[]

Costs[]

A total of US$2.9 billion was spent for the games.^[14]

Marketing[]

Emblem[]

The emblem of the Games is a motif of East sea blue waves in the shape of Taegeuk, symbolising Busan and Korea. It expresses the image of development and unity of the Asian people and the two dynamic powers that are closely intertwined. The wave's shape in the emblem indicates the character B, the first character of Busan.^[15][16]

Mascot[]

The mascot of the 2002 Asian Games is a Sea gull, the city bird of Busan named "Duria", whose name is a combination of the two words 'Durative' and 'Asia', which means "You and Me Together" or Everlasting Asia in the Korean language, which expresses the ideal of the Games: to promote harmony, friendship and prosperity among Asian countries. Its thick black ink and free line expression, symbolize Korean traditional culture, while its white colour shade representing the image of a powerful spirit and the great hopes for Asia in the 21st century.^[17]

Medals[]

The medal of the games featured the Korean traditional octagonal building, Palgagjeong top view design with the old Olympic Council of Asia logo on the obverse and Busan Asia Games Flame, logo, and Oryukdo scenery on the reverse. The design represents solidarity of membership and eternity of OCA, Busan as host of the games and youth, unity, and friendship of the athletes.^[18]

Music[]

In conjunction with the Games, eight songs were released as the official music for the Games:^[19]

• "The Dream of Asia" – Lee Moon-se
• "Frontier!-Voices from the East" – Yang Bang-ean &
• "We are..." – Baby box^{[disambiguation needed]}
• "Theme from Duria" – ,
• "The Fanfare" –
• "Welcome to Busan Korea" –
• "Let's Go!!" –
• "Love to All of Us" – CAN

Torch relay[]

The relay itself started at 11 a.m .on 5 September 2002 when two flames were simultaneously lit at Hallasan in South Korea and Paektu Mountain, the Korean peninsula’s highest mountain, in North Korea. 42 local flames in other participating nations were also lit at the same time.^[20] The two Korean flames were unified into one at at the truce village of Panmunjeom during 7 September 2002 morning and was dubbed the Unification flame. After that, a nationwide torch relay totaled a distance of 4,294 kilometres in 23 days was held. The relay passed through 904 districts in 16 cities within the country. The Unification flame joined with the flames of 42 other participating nations are also unifield at the main cauldron base during the opening ceremony on 29 September 2002.^[21][22] The torch design was based on a Korean traditional music instrument called Taepyeongso.^[23]

Venues[]

42 competition venues were used in the Games with twelve of them are newly built,^[24][25] including the Asiad Sports Complex which was completed on 31 July 2000.^[26] Other venues included an athletes' village and a main press centre.^[27]

Asiad Sports Complex[]

Venue	Events	Capacity	Ref.
Busan Asiad Stadium	Athletics, Football (Final), Opening and closing ceremonies
Sajik Swimming Pool	Aquatics (Swimming, Synchronized Swimming, Diving)
	Basketball, Gymnastics
Sajik Baseball Stadium	Baseball

Sports Park[]

Venue	Events	Capacity	Ref.
Gangseo Archery Field	Archery
	Badminton, Fencing
Gangseo Hockey Stadium	Hockey

Geumjeong Sports Park[]

Venue	Events	Capacity	Ref.
	Basketball
Geumjeong Velodrome	Cycling (Track)
	Tennis

Sports Complex[]

Venue	Events	Capacity	Ref.
Busan Gudeok Stadium	Football
Gudeok Baseball Stadium	Soft tennis
Gudeok Gymnasium	Judo, Taekwondo

Isolated Venues[]

Venue	Events	Capacity	Ref.
Nakdong River Rowing and Canoeing Courses	Canoeing, Rowing
	Volleyball (Indoor)
Haeundae Beach	Volleyball (Beach)
Dongju College Gymnasium	Cue sports
Gijang Streets	Cycling (Road)
Gijang Mountain Bike Race Stadium	Cycling (Mountain, Down hill)
	Bodybuilding
Homeplus Asiad Bowling Alley	Bowling
Busan Equestrian Grounds	Equestrian, Modern pentathlon (Riding)
Asiad Country Club	Golf
Stadium	Kabaddi
Athletic Park	Modern pentathlon (Running)
Busan Yachting Center	Sailing
Pukyong National University Gymnasium	Weightlifting
Dongseo University Minseok Sports Center	Wushu, Sepak takraw

Changwon Sports Park[]

Venue	Events	Capacity	Ref.
Changwon Swimming Pool	Aquatics (Water polo), Modern pentathlon (Swimming)
Changwon Stadium	Football
Changwon Gymnasium	Handball

Masan Sports Complex[]

Venue	Events	Capacity	Ref.
Masan Gymnasium	Boxing
Masan Stadium	Football
Changwon Evergreen Hall	Modern pentathlon (Fencing)
Changwon International Shooting Range	Shooting, Modern pentathlon (Shooting)
Yangsan College Gymnasium	Karate, Wrestling, Squash
Yangsan Stadium	Football

Ulsan[]

Venue	Events	Capacity	Ref.
Ulsan Munsu Football Stadium	Football
Ulsan Stadium	Rugby
Dongchun Gymnasium	Table tennis

The Asian Village in Property Development Area, Banyeodong, Haeundae District, Busan had 2,290 apartments in 20 buildings which can accommodate 14,000 people.^[28][29]

Transport[]

The host city Busan had existing subway and bus services prior to the games.^[30]

The games[]

Opening ceremony[]

The opening ceremony with the theme “A Beautiful meeting,” was held on 29 September 2002 at the Busan Asiad Main Stadium. Participating nations marched into the stadium in Korean alphabetical order began with Nepal. North Korea and South Korea jointly entered the stadium under one flag for the first time in Asian Games history and the second time after the 2000 Summer Olympics.^[31][32] South Korean president Kim Dae-Jung declared the Games open, Two Korean athletes - (taekwondo) and (table tennis) took the oath on behalf of all the participating athletes while South Korea's retired judoist Ha Hyung-joo and North Korean female judoist Kye Sun-hui lit the games' cauldron.The cultural part was 6 segment show with a total duration of 40-minutes and the was about the enconter between King Kim Suro and the Queen Hur Hwangok was also presented,the main star of the event was the opera diva Sumi Jo.

Participating National Olympic Committees[]

All 44 members of Olympic Council of Asia (OCA) with 7,711 athletes took part in the Games. East Timor participated for the first time since its independence and Afghanistan returned to the action since Taliban had come to power.^[33] Below is a list of all the participating NOCs; the number of competitors per delegation is indicated in brackets.^[34][35]

Participating National Olympic Committees

Afghanistan (44)  Bahrain (84)  Bangladesh (63)   (20)  Brunei (27)   (17)  China (688)  Chinese Taipei (359)  Timor-Leste (15)  Hong Kong (218)  India (356)  Indonesia (102)  Iran (151)  Japan (659)  Jordan (23)  Kazakhstan (284)  Kuwait (163)  Kyrgyzstan (72)  Laos (13)  Lebanon (73)  Macau (78)  Malaysia (212)   (23)  Mongolia (181)  Myanmar (63)  Nepal (50)  North Korea (184)   (42)  Pakistan (141)  Palestine (39)  Philippines (220)  Qatar (228)  Saudi Arabia (69)  Singapore (96)  South Korea (770) (host)  Sri Lanka (84)  Syria (21)  Tajikistan (43)  Thailand (267)  Turkmenistan (47)  United Arab Emirates (91)  Uzbekistan (182)  Vietnam (121)  Yemen (42)

Sports[]

A total of 419 events in 38 sports was contested in the Games for 16 days of competition. Football and basketball was kickoff two and one day respectively prior to the opening ceremony.^[36] Bodybuilding was the debutant sport in Games.^[37]

Calendar[]

All times are in Korea Standard Time (UTC+9)

OC

Opening ceremony

●

Event competitions

1

Gold medal events

CC

Closing ceremony

September / October		27th Fri	28th Sat	29th Sun	30th Mon	1st Tue	2nd Wed	3rd Thu	4th Fri	5th Sat	6th Sun	7th Mon	8th Tue	9th Wed	10th Thu	11th Fri	12th Sat	13th Sun	14th Mon	Events
Ceremonies				OC															CC	N/A
Aquatics	Diving												2	2	1	1	1	1		43
	Swimming				5	5	6	6	5	5
	Artistic swimming				●	1	1
	Water polo				●	●	●		●		1
Archery											●	●	1	1	2					4
Athletics												5	10	7	9		5	8	1	45
Badminton											●	●	1	1	●	●	●	2	3	7
Baseball							●	●	●	●	●	●	●	1						1
Basketball			●	●	●		●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●		●	●	2	2
Bodybuilding								●	●	4	4									8
Bowling								2	2	●	2	2	●	2						10
Boxing							●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●		●	●	12		12
Canoeing															5	●	8			13
Cue sports						1	●	2	1	2	1	2	1							10
Cycling	Road cycling				2		1	1												20
	Track cycling								2	3		3	4
	Mountain biking														2		1	1
Equestrian							●	●	2				1		1	●	1		1	6
Fencing				2	2	2	2	2	2											12
Field hockey					●		●		●	●	●	●		●	●	1	1			2
Football		●	●		●	●	●	●	●	●		●	●	●	●	1		1		2
Golf								●	●	●	4									4
Gymnastics	Artistic					1	1	2	5	5										16
	Rhythmic												1	1
Handball					●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●		●	1	1		2
Judo					4	4	4	4												16
Kabaddi									●	●	●	1								1
Karate																7	4			11
Modern pentathlon															2	2	1	1		6
Rowing					●	●	6	7												13
Rugby union					●	1				●				●				1		2
Sailing								●	●	●		●	●	15						15
Sepaktakraw					●	2	●	●	●	●	2	●	●	2						6
Shooting							8	6	6	6	6	6	4							42
Soft tennis						●	●	2	●	●		5								7
Softball					●	●	●	●	●	●	1									1
Squash					●	●	●	●	2											2
Table tennis						●	●	●	1	1	1	●	2	2						7
Taekwondo															4	4	4	4		16
Tennis							●	●	●	1		1	●	●	●	3	2			7
Volleyball	Beach volleyball			●	●	●	●	●	2											4
	Indoor volleyball						●	●	●	●	●	●	●		●	●	1	1
Weightlifting					1	2	2	2	1		1	2	2	1	1					15
Wrestling							●	5	4		●	5	4							18
Wushu															●	●	2	9		11
Daily medal events				2	14	19	31	41	35	27	23	32	33	35	27	19	32	42	7	419
Cumulative total				2	16	35	66	107	142	169	192	224	257	292	319	338	370	412	419
September / October		27th Fri	28th Sat	29th Sun	30th Mon	1st Tue	2nd Wed	3rd Thu	4th Fri	5th Sat	6th Sun	7th Mon	8th Tue	9th Wed	10th Thu	11th Fri	12th Sat	13th Sun	14th Mon	Events

Closing ceremony[]

The closing ceremony with the theme “Returning Home.” was held on the evening of Monday,14 October 2002 at the Busan Asiad Main Stadium. Japanese swimmer Kosuke Kitajima was announced as the most valuable player (MVP) of the Games. Samih Moudallal, vice president of the Olympic Council of Asia (OCA), on behalf of OCA President Sheikh declared the games closing. The Asian Games flag was handed over to Doha, Qatar, host of the next edition in 2006. A cultural segment of the city was also presented.^[38][39][40]

Medal table[]

The top ten ranked NOCs at these Games are listed below. The host nation, South Korea, is highlighted.

  *   Host nation (South Korea)

Rank	Nation	Gold	Silver	Bronze	Total
1	China (CHN)	150	84	74	308
2	South Korea (KOR)*	96	80	84	260
3	Japan (JPN)	44	73	72	189
4	Kazakhstan (KAZ)	20	26	30	76
5	Uzbekistan (UZB)	15	12	24	51
6	Thailand (THA)	14	19	10	43
7	India (IND)	11	12	13	36
8	Chinese Taipei (TPE)	10	17	25	52
9	North Korea (PRK)	9	11	13	33
10	Iran (IRI)	8	14	14	36
11–39	Remaining	50	73	143	266
Totals (39 nations)		427	421	502	1350

Broadcasting[]

Busan Asian Games Radio and Television Organization (BARTO), a joint venture between Korean Broadcasting System (KBS), Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) and Seoul Broadcasting System (SBS), served as the host broadcaster of these Games, covered 28 of the 38 sports during the event.^[41] The International Broadcast Centre was located at Busan Exhibition and Convention Center (BEXCO) in Haeundae District.^[42][43]

Concerns and controversies[]

Doping issues[]

On October 7, 2002, the Olympic Council of Asia announced that the bodybuilding bronze medalist in the +90 kg weight category Youssef El-Zein of Lebanon was relieved of his medal for not submitting to a drugs test. After El-Zein was disqualified, the bronze medal in the +90 kg category went to Choi Jae-Duck of South Korea (who had finished fourth).^[44]

Six days later, Japanese news agency Kyodo News reported that Indian middle-distance runner Sunita Rani had tested positive for a banned substance, which was later confirmed by Lee Choon-Sup, Deputy Secretary General of the Busan Asian Games Organizing Committee; an unofficial report stated that the substance was the anabolic steroid nandrolone. Sunita had won two medals in athletics: a gold in the 1,500 m (setting an Asian Games record) and a bronze in the 5,000 m, (in which Sunita jointly bettered the Games record set by Indonesian Suprianti Sutono in Bangkok during the 1998 Asian Games with six other athletes).^[45][46] The Indian Chef de Mission at the Games backed Sunita—who denied using any banned drug—and asked for a "B" sample test from Bangkok, but tests were run only at the Asian Games’ Doping Control Center (AGDCC) in Seoul (the laboratory accredited by the IOC). On October 16, the AGDCC confirmed the steroid nandrolone in Sunita's urine sample; as a consequence, the OCA stripped her of both medals and dismissed her Asian Games record for the 1,500 m.^[47][48]

The Indian Olympic Association (IOA) requested the intervention of the International Association of Athletics Federations and the IOC; the samples were jointly reexamined by the World Anti-Doping Agency and the IOC Sub-Commission on Doping and Biochemistry of Sport. In January 2003, the OCA announced that the IOC Medical Director had cleared Sunita of the doping charge and that appropriate action would be taken against the AGDCC.^[49] Both of Sunita's medals were reinstated on February 4, 2003, in a ceremony attended by the Secretary General of OCA Randhir Singh and the president of the IOA Suresh Kalmadi.^[50]

Three Malaysian sepak takraw players were sent home for failing drug tests after testing positive for morphine.^[51]

Missing athletes[]

A total of 16 athletes including 12 Nepalese, three Sri Lankans and one Mongolian were reported to be missing, which police and sports officials suspected them to have found illegal jobs in South Korea.^[52]

See also[]

• 2002 FESPIC Games
• List of IOC country codes

References[]

External links[]

• 2002 Asian Games Official Website
• Rediff games coverage site
• Getty Image

Preceded by Bangkok

Asian Games Busan XIV Asian Games (2002)

Succeeded by Doha