Viktor Nogin
Viktor Nogin | |
|---|---|
 Nogin in 1914 | |
| Chairman of the Central Auditing Commission of the Communist Party | |
| In office 16 March 1921 – 22 May 1924 | |
| Preceded by | Post established |
| Succeeded by | Dmitry Kursky |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Viktor Pavlovich Nogin 14 February 1878 Moscow, Russian Empire |
| Died | 22 May 1924 (aged 46) Moscow, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union |
| Resting place | Kremlin Wall Necropolis, Red Square, Moscow |
| Nationality | Soviet |
| Political party | RSDLP (1898–1903) RSDLP (Bolsheviks) (1903–1918) Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks) (1918–1924) |
Viktor Pavlovich Nogin (Russian: Ви́ктор Па́влович Ноги́н; 14 February 1878 – 22 May 1924) was a Bolshevik revolutionary, Soviet politician and statesman in Moscow, holding many high positions in the party and in government, including Chairman of the Moscow Military-Revolutionary Committee and Chairman of the Presidium of the Executive Committee of Moscow Council of Workers' Deputies. He was a member of first Council of People's Commissars, i.e., the first Soviet Government, and People's Commissar for Commerce and Industry.[1]
Biography[]
Viktor Nogin, born in Moscow, Russia, was the self-educated son of a shop keeper and a weaver by profession.[citation needed] In 1898 he joined the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP). He was arrested and exiled several times, spending time in most of Russia's large jails.[2]
He married Olga Pavlovna Ermakova, (1885–1977) with whom he had two children. His brother in law, Viktor Radus Zenkovich,[3] was Chairmen of the Council of People's Commissars, Kyrgyz Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic from 12 October 1920 to 1921.
Nogin was considered a "conciliator" Bolshevik. In 1910, following the split between the Bolsheviks and the Mensheviks, he convinced the leadership to try to reunite the party, despite strong opposition from Lenin. This ultimately failed.[citation needed]
By 1917 Nogin was one of the leaders of the Moscow branch of Bolsheviks. He was a member of the Provisional Committee during the struggle against General Lavr Kornilov's failed coup in Petrograd.[2] He was a member of the Executive Committee of Moscow Soviet of People's Deputies. As Chairman of the Moscow Military-Revolutionary Committee, Nogin tried to lead a peaceful and bloodless transfer of power to the Bolsheviks, hoping to avoid more bloodshed in Moscow.[4] Before a session of the RSDLP Central Committee on 1 November 1917 he joined Kamenev, Zinoviev, Rykov and Milyutin in advocating the creation of a coalition government involving all of the socialist parties, claiming that a Bolshevik-only government could only be sustained through terror. He left government on 4 November 1917.[2]
After he formally admitted his mistakes on 29 November 1917, Nogin was appointed to a national post, where he helped restore the nation's textile industry which had been damaged in the revolution. He enjoyed great authority in foreign trade and industry circles.[2] He accompanied Leonid Krasin to London for the negotiations over the Anglo-Soviet Trade Agreement. In 1923, Nogin traveled to the United States to arrange a major cotton purchase. While there, he helped the Coolidge administration communicate with Moscow using the code of the Soviet government, in an attempt to establish friendly relations between the two countries.[5]
Viktor Nogin is buried in Mass Grave No. 6 of the Kremlin Wall Necropolis in Red Square, Moscow.
Positions held[]
Some of the Bolshevik party and government positions held by Viktor Nogin are listed below:[2]
- Executive Committee of the Moscow Soviet of Workers' Deputies (before 1917)
- Central Committee member at the Sixth Congress of the RSDLP (July – August 1917)
- in the first cabinet of the Council of People's Commissars at the Second All-Russia Congress of Soviets
- Chairman of the Moscow Soviet of Workers' Deputies, succeeding Menshevik L.M. Khinchuk, who resigned (5 September 1917)
- Head of Moscow as Chairman of the Presidium of the Executive Committee of the Moscow Soviet of Workers' Deputies (19 September 1917 – 13 November 1917)
- Labor commissar of the Moscow Region and a deputy to the Constituent Assembly (17 November 1917)
- Deputy People's Commissar of Labor of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (April 1918)
Personality[]
Arthur Ransome described Nogin as "an extremely capable, energetic Russian, so capable, indeed, that I found it hard to believe he could really be a Russian."[6]
Legacy[]
The town of Bogorodsk was renamed Noginsk in his honor in 1930. In 1934, the USSR Post Office produced a 15 Kopeck stamp honoring Viktor Nogin.[7] A station in the Moscow Metro is Kitay-Gorod, originally called Ploshchad Nogina, after a square in central Moscow that once carried the name of Viktor Nogin (now Slavyanskaya Square). Streets named after Nogin still exist in St.Petersburg, Nizhniy Novgorod, Volgograd, Novosibirsk, Pavlovskiy Posad, Samara and Serpukhov.
See also[]
References[]
- ^ Biography at marxists.org
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e [1][permanent dead link] The Moscow City Government
- ^ Turton, Katy (2018). Family networks and the Russian revolutionary movement, 1870-1940 (PDF). Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-230-39308-0.
- ^ The Russian Revolution: 1917-1921, Ronald I. Kowalski, page 95
- ^ Reform and Revolution: The Life and Times of Raymond Robins, Neil V. Salzman, page 313
- ^ Ransome, Arthur. Russia in 1919. Project Gutenberg (1998); Arthur Ransome History Archive (marxists.org) 2000. Retrieved 10 April 2021.
- ^ Russian Mint Stamps of 1934-35
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- Burials at the Kremlin Wall Necropolis
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