Council of People's Commissars
Chronology of Soviet security agencies | ||
| ||
1917–22 | Cheka under SNK of the RSFSR (All-Russian Extraordinary Commission) | |
1922–23 | GPU under NKVD of the RSFSR (State Political Directorate) | |
1923–34 | OGPU under SNK of the USSR (Joint State Political Directorate) | |
1934–46 | NKVD of the USSR (People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs) | |
1934–41 | GUGB of the NKVD of the USSR (Main Directorate of State Security of People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs) | |
1941 | NKGB of the USSR (People's Commissariat of State Security) | |
1934–46 | NKVD of the USSR (People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs) | |
1943–46 | NKGB of the USSR (People's Commissariat for State Security) | |
1946–53 | MGB of the USSR (Ministry of State Security) | |
1947–51 |
of the USSR | |
1946–54 | MVD of the USSR (Ministry of Internal Affairs) | |
1954–78 | KGB under SM of the USSR (Committee for State Security) | |
1978–91 | KGB of the USSR (Committee for State Security) | |
1991 | MSB of the USSR (Interrepublican Security Service) | |
1991 | TsSB of the USSR (Central Intelligence Service) | |
1991 | KOGG of the USSR (Committee for the Protection of the State Border) | |
The Council of People's Commissars (Russian: Совет народных комиссаров, Совнарком, СНК, translit. Soviet narodnykh kommissarov or Sovnarkom, also as generic SNK) was a government institution formed soon after the October Revolution during 1917. Created in the Russian Republic, the council began forming the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). It evolved to become the highest executive authority of the government of the Soviet Union. The chairman of this council was thus the head of government, and was usually called "premier" or "prime minister" outside Russia and the Soviet Union.
The 1918 Constitution of the RSFSR formalized the role of the Sovnarkom of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR): it was to be responsible to the Congress of Soviets for the "general administration of the affairs of the state". The constitution enabled the Sovnarkom to issue decrees having the force of law when the Congress was not in session. If these decrees were not approved at the Congress's next session, they were considered revoked. In practice, due to the principles of democratic centralism, the Congress merely rubber-stamped these decrees at its next session.
When the Soviet Union was established during December 1922, the USSR's Sovnarkom was modeled on the RSFSR's Sovnarkom. It was transformed during 1946 into the Council of Ministers.[1]
Original People's Commissars[]
The first council elected by the Second All-Russian Congress of Soviets was composed as follows. Many early commisars later opposed the party majority organized by Stalin and allegedly conspired with the Trotskyist opposition[2] or some other opposition group, which resulted in their expulsion from the party or being arrested. The party had banned factional opposition groups at the Eleventh Party Congress during 1921.[3] Still the original People's Comissariat included Left-Communists, Trotskyists and other ex-oppositionists. Most alleged conspirators were executed for treason during the Great Purge, some had sentences reduced to imprisonment.[4]
All-Union Sovnarkom[]
Upon the creation of the USSR in 1922, the Soviet Union's government was modelled after the first Sovnarkom. The Soviet republics retained their own governments which dealt with domestic matters.
Sovmin[]
In 1946, the Sovnarkoms were transformed into the Council of Ministers (Sovmin) at both all-Union and Union Republic level.[1][5][6]
Councils by administrative division[]
Soviet republics[]
Politics of the Soviet Union |
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- Council of People's Commissars of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
- Council of People's Commissars (Ukraine) (Temporary government of Workers and Peasants of Ukraine)
- Council of People's Commissars of Belarus, including LitBel
- Council of People's Commissars of Azerbaijan
- , including as autonomous Kyrgyz (before 1925)
- , including as autonomous Kyrgyz (after 1925)
- , including as autonomous
- , including as autonomous Karelia
- , including as autonomous
- Council of People's Commissars of the Lithuanian SSR
Autonomous republics[]
- Council of People's Commissars (Adjara)
- Council of People's Commissars (Volga German)
- Council of People's Commissars (Bashkorstan)
- Council of People's Commissars (Buryat-Mongolia)
- Council of People's Commissars (Mountainous)
- Council of People's Commissars (Dagestan)
- Council of People's Commissars (Kabardin-Balkaria), including Kabardin (1944-1957)
- Council of People's Commissars (Cossack)
- Council of People's Commissars (Kalmykia)
- Council of People's Commissars (Karakalpakistan)
- Council of People's Commissars (Komi)
- Council of People's Commissars (Crimea)
- Council of People's Commissars (Mari)
- Council of People's Commissars (Mordva)
- Council of People's Commissars (Nakhichevan)
- Council of People's Commissars (North Osetia)
- Council of People's Commissars (Tatarstan)
- Council of People's Commissars (Tuva)
- Council of People's Commissars (Udmurtia)
- Council of People's Commissars (Chechnia-Ingushetia)
- Council of People's Commissars (Chuvashia)
- Council of People's Commissars (Yakutia)
- Council of People's Commissars (Abkhazia), including as autonomous
Short-lived early soviet republics[]
- Council of People's Commissars (Donetsk-Krivoi Rog)
- Council of People's Commissars (Odessa), initially as Rumcherod
- Council of People's Commissars (Poland)
- Council of People's Commissars (Galicia)
- Council of People's Commissars (Far East)
- Council of People's Secretaries (Soviet Ukraine)
See also[]
- 26 Baku Commissars
- Government of the Soviet Union
- Deputy Premier of the Soviet Union
- First Deputy Premier of the Soviet Union
- Executive Officer of the Soviet Union
- Council of Ministers
- Cabinet of Ministers
References[]
- ^ Jump up to: a b "О преобразовании Совета Народных Комиссаров СССР в Совет Министров СССР и Советов Народных Комиссаров Союзных и Автономных республик в Советы Министров Союзных и Автономных республик" 15 марта 1946 года [On Reforming the Council of People's Commissars into the Council of Ministers, and the Councils of People's Commissars of Union and Autonomous Republics into the Councils of Ministers of Union and Autonomous Republics, 15 March 1946]. Legislation of the USSR 1946-1952 (in Russian). World and Market Economy - Collection of Articles on Economy, Igor Averin. Retrieved 3 October 2010.
- ^ Pierre Broué, The "Bloc" of the Oppositions against Stalin
- ^ Lenin, Vladimir. "Eleventh Congress Of The R.C.P.(B.) March 27-April 2, 1922". www.marxists.org.
- ^ Getty, Origins of the great purges
- ^ Huskey, Eugene (1992). Executive power and Soviet politics: the rise and decline of the Soviet state. M.E. Sharpe. p. 281. ISBN 978-1-56324-059-1.
- ^ Law, David A. (1975). Russian civilization. Ardent Media. p. 185. ISBN 978-0-8422-0529-0.
External links[]
- Governments of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics from 1917–1964 and 1964–1991
- Lenin as Head of Government, an English-language Soviet book on Lenin's activities as Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars
- Government of Russia
- Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
- 1917 establishments in Russia
- 1946 disestablishments in the Soviet Union
- Government agencies established in 1917
- Government agencies disestablished in 1946