Villa rustica

Scale model of a Roman villa rustica. The remains of villas of this type have been found in the vicinity of Valjevo, Serbia.

Villa rustica (transl. countryside villa) was the term used by the ancient Romans to denote a villa set in the open countryside, often as the hub of a large agricultural estate (latifundium). The adjective rusticum was used to distinguish it from an urban or resort villa, or villa otium built for purely leisure and luxury. The villa rustica would thus serve both as a residence of the landowner and his family (and retainers) and also as a farm management centre. It would often comprise separate buildings to accommodate farm labourers and sheds and barns for animals and crops.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5] In modern British archaeology, a villa rustica is commonly referred to simply as a "Roman villa" as most were of the rustica type.

The villa rustica's design differed depending on the architect, but usually it consisted of three parts; the urbana (main house), agricultural center and the rusticana (farm area).

List of villae rusticae[]

Italy[]

Boscoreale villa

Villa Boscoreale

Portugal[]

Villa of Torre de Palma

Turkey[]

United Kingdom[]

Orpheus mosaic at Littlecote Roman Villa

Ruins of the Villa rustica, Montmaurin

France[]

[fr]
[de]
[fr]
[de]
[de]

Germany[]

Wurmlingen

Villa rustica, Haselburg at Höchst i. Odw., Hypocaust of the main building

Eschweiler

Baden-Württemberg

Villa Rustica, Baden-Baden-Haueneberstein, Roman settlement at Wohlfahrtsberg^[6]
Villa Rustica at Bondorf, Böblingen
[de], Konstanz
[de], Lörrach
Villa Rustica at Eigeltingen^[7]
Villa Rustica at Gaggenau-Bad Rotenfels / Oberweier^[8]
Villa urbana at Grenzach-Wyhlen ()
[de], Zollernalbkreis
Villa urbana at Heitersheim
[de], Sigmaringen
Villa Rustica at Hirschberg^[9]
[de], Sigmaringen
Villa Rustica at Karlsruhe-Durlach^[10]
Villa Rustica at Langenau^[11]
[de], Sigmaringen
[de], Heilbronn
Villa Rustica at Mühlacker^[12]
Villa Rustica at Nagold^[13]^[14]
[de]
Villa Rustica at Oberndorf-Bochingen^[15]^[16]
[de], Rems-Murr-Kreis
[de], Heilbronn
[de], Rhein-Neckar-Kreis
[de], Tuttlingen
[de], Heilbronn
Villa Rustica Bietigheim- at Bietigheim-Bissingen, Ludwigsburg

Bavaria

[de]
[de], Stadt München
[de]
Villa Rustica at Großberghofen, Dachau
[de], Donau-Ries
Villa Rustica at ^[17]
Villa Rustica Kohlhunden, Ostallgäu^[18]
[de], Stadt Starnberg
[de] (Naturpark Altmühltal)^[19]^[20]
Villa Rustica (Nassenfels), Eichstätt
[de], Freising
[de]
[de], Ingolstadt
Villa Rustica (Peiting), Weilheim-Schongau^[21]^[22]
[de]
[de], Oberallgäu

Hesse

Groß-Umstadt-Heubach, [de]
[de], Odenwald
Rodau, Zwingenberg, "Kleine Weide"^[23]

Northrhine-Westphalia

[de]^[24]
Villae Rusticae at Eschweiler, Aachen
[de], Eschweiler, Aachen
Villae Rusticae near Hambach surface mine, Düren
[de] at , , Euskirchen

Rheinland-Palatine

Ceiling painting at the Roman villa of Bad Neuenahr-Ahrweiler

[de], Bad Dürkheim-Ungstein
[de], Bad Kreuznach
[de]
[de], Eifelkreis Bitburg-Prüm
[de], Fließem, Eifelkreis Bitburg-Prüm
Villa Rustica at Sarresdorf (Gerolstein)^[25]
[de], Mainz-Bingen
Villa Rustica at Herschweiler-Pettersheim, Kusel^[26]
[de]
[de]
[de] (Mosel), Trier-Saarburg
[de]
[de], Mainz-Bingen
[de], Trier-Saarburg

Saarland

Serbia[]

Village Gornja Bukovica.Valjevo, villa rustica IV century A.D.^[27]

Switzerland[]

Aargau

[de]
[de]
[de]
[de]

Basel-Landschaft

[de]
[de]

Genf

[de]

Jura

[de]

Solothurn

[de]
[de]

Waadt

[fr]

Zürich

Irgenhausen Castrum (built on the remains of a former villa rustica)
Villa in Wetzikon - Kempten^[28]
[de]
[de]
[de]
[de]

References[]

^ Annalia Marzano: Roman villas in central Italy: a social and economic history. Brill 2007, ISBN 978-90-04-16037-8 (restricted online copy at Google Books)
^ Alfred Frazer: The Roman villa: villa urbana. UPenn Museum of Archaeology 1998, ISBN 978-0-924171-59-8 (restricted online copy at Google Books)
^ Alexander Gordon McKay: Houses, villas, and palaces in the Roman world . JHU Press 1998, ISBN 978-0-8018-5904-5 (restricted online copy at Google Books)
^ John T. Smith: Roman Villas. A Study in Social Structure. Routledge, London, 1997. ISBN 0-415-16719-1
^ John Percival: The Roman Villa. A Historical Introduction. Batsford, London, 1988 (Paperback)
^ Die Römer am Wolfartsberg. (Heimatblätter des Heimat- und Kulturvereines Haueneberstein e.V., Nr. 3). haueneberstein.de Archived February 11, 2015, at the Wayback Machine
^ "Willkommen". www.eigeltingia.de.
^ Gerhard Hoffmann: Spuren früher Zeiten – Funde und Fundstätten im Landkreis Rastatt. Eine Materialkunde zur Vor und Frühgeschichte. Bestandsaufnahme und Dokumentation. (Sonderveröffentlichungen des Kreisarchivs Rastatt, Band 5). Verlag Regionalkultur, Ubstadt-Weiher u. a. 2007, ISBN 978-3-89735-495-1. (Abstract) Archived March 18, 2015, at the Wayback Machine
^ gastgeber-hessen.de^{[permanent dead link]}
^ ka.stadtwiki.net
^ W.M.Werner. "Langenau: villa rustica". www.archaeologie-bw.de.
^ Geiges, Thomas. "Mühlacker: Römische Villa Rustica in Enzberg". www.muehlacker.de.
^ "Stadt Nagold - Remigiuskirche". www.nagold.de. Archived from the original on 2016-03-08. Retrieved 2015-07-27.
^ naturparkschwarzwald.de Archived February 28, 2014, at the Wayback Machine
^ W.M.Werner. "Villa rustica von Oberndorf-Bochingen". www.archaeologie-bw.de.
^ "denkmalpflege-bw.de". Archived from the original on 2012-09-18. Retrieved 2015-07-27.
^ Informationszentrum Naturpark Altmühltal in Trägerschaft des Landkreises Eichstätt. "Römischer Bauernhof". Retrieved 2015-07-05.
^ "Kohlhunden.html". www.kaluwi.de.
^ Scheuerer, Kurt. "Römervilla Möckenlohe". www.roemervilla-moeckenlohe.de.
^ altmuehltal.de Archived February 21, 2014, at the Wayback Machine
^ Tourismusverband [de]. "Villa Rustica Peiting". Archived from the original on 2015-09-24. Retrieved 2015-07-05.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ Alpenland in Römerhand. "Peiting". Retrieved 2015-06-02.
^ "Kein Ackerbau über der "Villa rustica" Rodau - Bergsträßer Anzeiger".
^ roemervilla-blankenheim.de Archived February 24, 2015, at the Wayback Machine
^ "Grundriß einer römischen Villa Rustica, Sarresdorf, Gerolstein, Gerolstein - Datenbank der Kulturgüter in der Region Trier". www.roscheiderhof.de.
^ "Herzlich willkommen - Pfälzer Bergland". kuseler-musikantenland.de. Archived from the original on 2012-07-11.
^ Rimski lokaliteti valjevskog kraja Archived April 16, 2016, at the Wayback Machine
^ Horisberger, Beat; Hedinger, Bettina; Hoek, Florian; Büsser, Roger (2007). Römisches Landleben im Zürcher Oberland - Die Römer in Wetzikon (in German). Frauenfeld, Stuttgart, Wien: Verlag Huber. ISBN 978-3-7193-1441-5.

External links[]

Villa Rustica - open-air museum at Hechingen (Germany)

[1] Annalia Marzano: Roman villas in central Italy: a social and economic history. Brill 2007, ISBN 978-90-04-16037-8 (restricted online copy at Google Books)

[2] Alfred Frazer: The Roman villa: villa urbana. UPenn Museum of Archaeology 1998, ISBN 978-0-924171-59-8 (restricted online copy at Google Books)

[3] Alexander Gordon McKay: Houses, villas, and palaces in the Roman world . JHU Press 1998, ISBN 978-0-8018-5904-5 (restricted online copy at Google Books)

[4] John T. Smith: Roman Villas. A Study in Social Structure. Routledge, London, 1997. ISBN 0-415-16719-1

[5] John Percival: The Roman Villa. A Historical Introduction. Batsford, London, 1988 (Paperback)

[6] Die Römer am Wolfartsberg. (Heimatblätter des Heimat- und Kulturvereines Haueneberstein e.V., Nr. 3). haueneberstein.de Archived February 11, 2015, at the Wayback Machine

[7] "Willkommen". www.eigeltingia.de.

[8] Gerhard Hoffmann: Spuren früher Zeiten – Funde und Fundstätten im Landkreis Rastatt. Eine Materialkunde zur Vor und Frühgeschichte. Bestandsaufnahme und Dokumentation. (Sonderveröffentlichungen des Kreisarchivs Rastatt, Band 5). Verlag Regionalkultur, Ubstadt-Weiher u. a. 2007, ISBN 978-3-89735-495-1. (Abstract) Archived March 18, 2015, at the Wayback Machine

[9] stgeber-hessen.de^{[permanent dead link]}

[10] .stadtwiki.net

[11] W.M.Werner. "Langenau: villa rustica". www.archaeologie-bw.de.

[12] Geiges, Thomas. "Mühlacker: Römische Villa Rustica in Enzberg". www.muehlacker.de.

[13] "Stadt Nagold - Remigiuskirche". www.nagold.de. Archived from the original on 2016-03-08. Retrieved 2015-07-27.

[14] turparkschwarzwald.de Archived February 28, 2014, at the Wayback Machine

[15] W.M.Werner. "Villa rustica von Oberndorf-Bochingen". www.archaeologie-bw.de.

[16] "denkmalpflege-bw.de". Archived from the original on 2012-09-18. Retrieved 2015-07-27.

[17] Informationszentrum Naturpark Altmühltal in Trägerschaft des Landkreises Eichstätt. "Römischer Bauernhof". Retrieved 2015-07-05.

[18] "Kohlhunden.html". www.kaluwi.de.

[19] Scheuerer, Kurt. "Römervilla Möckenlohe". www.roemervilla-moeckenlohe.de.

[20] tmuehltal.de Archived February 21, 2014, at the Wayback Machine

[21] Tourismusverband [de]. "Villa Rustica Peiting". Archived from the original on 2015-09-24. Retrieved 2015-07-05.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[22] Alpenland in Römerhand. "Peiting". Retrieved 2015-06-02.

[23] "Kein Ackerbau über der "Villa rustica" Rodau - Bergsträßer Anzeiger".

[24] roemervilla-blankenheim.de Archived February 24, 2015, at the Wayback Machine

[25] "Grundriß einer römischen Villa Rustica, Sarresdorf, Gerolstein, Gerolstein - Datenbank der Kulturgüter in der Region Trier". www.roscheiderhof.de.

[26] "Herzlich willkommen - Pfälzer Bergland". kuseler-musikantenland.de. Archived from the original on 2012-07-11.

[27] Rimski lokaliteti valjevskog kraja Archived April 16, 2016, at the Wayback Machine

[28] Horisberger, Beat; Hedinger, Bettina; Hoek, Florian; Büsser, Roger (2007). Römisches Landleben im Zürcher Oberland - Die Römer in Wetzikon (in German). Frauenfeld, Stuttgart, Wien: Verlag Huber. ISBN 978-3-7193-1441-5.

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