Waterfall frog

Waterfall frog
Conservation status
	; Endangered (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Amphibia
Order:	Anura
Family:	Pelodryadidae
Genus:	Ranoidea
Species:	R. nannotis
Binomial name
	Ranoidea nannotis; (Andersson, 1916)
Synonyms
	Litoria nannotis (Andersson, 1916); Mosleyia nannotis Wells and Wellington, 1985;

The Australian waterfall frog or torrent treefrog (Ranoidea nannotis) is a species of tree frog native to Far North Queensland, Australia. The common name "waterfall frog" is indicative of its habitat of moist, rocky streams, and is often found along waterfalls within its range.

Description[]

Dorsal view of a waterfall frog in Far North Queensland, Australia

Tadpole

The waterfall frog is large in size, reaching 5.5 cm in length. The dorsal surface is mottled with puck brown. The patterning on the back is similar to its habitat, allowing for effective camouflage against granite. The ventral surface is bright orange, green, and pink in colour, and granular. The posterior ventral surface is translucent, showing internal parts.

The toe pads of R. nannotis are very large in comparison to toe width, to aid in gripping to rocks in the rapids. The nuptial pads of breeding males are also large, covering the entire inner surface of the thumb, with spines also present on the arms and chest. The tympanum is not visible, the fingers are partially webbed, and the toes are completely webbed.

Like the stoney creek frog (Litoria wilcoxi), and many other stream-dwelling frogs, waterfall frogs lack vocal sacs. This may be because the sound of a running stream drowns out any calls, and it becomes a waste of energy.

Ecology and behavior[]

The waterfall frog is a stream-dwelling frog native to tropical north Queensland, from Paluma to Cooktown, notable in the Mt. Carbine uplands. It is found at altitudes between 180 and 3,000 m (590 and 9,840 ft). It has undergone large declines in high-altitude areas (likely from chytridiomycosis), with many populations completely extinct. It is, however, stable in lowland areas.

Conservation status[]

It is listed as Endangered under both the IUCN Red List and Queensland's Nature Conservation Act 1992.

References[]

Cunningham, M. 2002. Identification and evolution of Australian torrent treefrogs. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum. 48(1):93-102. Brisbane, Qld.
"DEH Species Profiles - Litoria nannotis - Waterfall Frog, Torrent Tree Frog". Retrieved 2006-12-18.
"IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Litoria nannotis". Retrieved 2006-12-18.

External links[]

Litoria nannotis at CalPhotos
"Waterfall frog" at the Encyclopedia of Life