Wendy Chung

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This article is about the American Scientist. For the Hong Kong lyricist, see Wendy Chung (lyricist).
Wendy Chung
Born
Nebraska, USA
NationalityAmerican
Alma materRockefeller University, Cornell University
OccupationClinical and molecular geneticist, physician
WebsiteHospital Webpage / Personal Webpage

Wendy K. Chung is an American clinical and molecular geneticist and physician.[1] She currently directs the clinical genetics program at NewYork–Presbyterian Hospital / Columbia University Medical Center in New York City[2] and serves as the Kennedy Family Professor of Pediatrics.[3][4] She is the author of 500 peer-reviewed articles and 75 chapters[5] and has won several awards as a physician, researcher, and professor.[6] Chung helped to initiate a new form of newborn screening for spinal muscular atrophy which is used nationally, and was the plaintiff in the supreme court case which prevents patenting of genes.[7]

Her research "relates to the molecular genetics of obesity and diabetes in rodents and humans, the genetic basis of congenital heart disease, cardiomyopathies, arrhythmias, long QT Syndrome, pulmonary hypertension, endocrinopathies, congenital diaphragmatic hernias, cleft lip/cleft palate, seizures, mental retardation, inherited metabolic conditions and breast and pancreatic cancer susceptibility."[4]

Early life and education[]

Chung was born in Nebraska and raised in southern Florida.[8] Her parents were involved in science and medicine: her father was an organic chemistry professor and her mother worked in a medical laboratory.[3] She was the first Miami-Dade County public high school student to win the Westinghouse Science Talent Search, the predecessor to the Regeneron Science Talent Search.[8] In high school, Chung was valedictorian and a National Merit Scholar.[3][9]

Chung earned a bachelor's degree in biochemistry and economics at Cornell University, graduating in 1990.[4] She earned a Ph.D. in genetics from Rockefeller University in 1996 and a M.D. from Cornell University Medical College in 1998.[10][4] She was a graduate student of Dr. Rudy Leibel at Rockefeller, who described her as a "triple threat" due to her capability as an "equally gifted scientist, clinician, and teacher."[8] Chung also completed an internship, residency, and fellowship at the New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University Medical Center.[11] Both her internship and residency were focused in pediatrics, while her two fellowships were focused in Molecular Genetics and Clinical Genetics.[3]

Career[]

Chung directs the Pediatric Heart Network Genetic Core, the Pediatric Neuromuscular Network Molecular Core, the New York Obesity Center Molecular Genetics Core and the Diabetes and Endocrine Research Center Molecular Genetics Core, among her positions.[4] She holds board certifications in Clinical Genetics and Genomics (MD).

Chung's areas of expertise include neurodevelopment disorders, autism, clinical genetics, developmental disorder, precision medicine, birth defects, breast cancer, cancer genetics, cardiomyopathy, cleft palate with cleft lip, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, congenital heart disease, diabetes, genetic counseling, inborn metabolism disorder, inherited arrhythmias, neurogenetics, obesity, pancreatic cancer, pediatric seizures, pulmonary hypertension, rare cancer syndromes, arrhythmia, seizures, and spinal muscular atrophy.[12]

Chung was named one of New York Magazine's "best doctors" and one of America's "top doctors" by Castle Connolly Medical Ltd. in a survey conducted when more than 250,000 "leading doctors" were asked to "name America's best physicians in various specialties."[13]

Supreme Court Case Involvement[]

Chung was an original plaintiff in the Supreme Court case which overturned that ability to patent genes, Association for Molecular Pathology v. Myriad Genetics, Inc..[14] Chung became a plaintiff with the ACLU after approaching both the NIH and Congress as she believed that the patenting of genes restricted access and quality of care the patients are eligible to receive.[15][16] The court sided with the Association for Molecular Pathology unanimously, and determined that as genes are natural, they are not able to be patented.[15] Chung believes that these decisions will allow patients to receive all the information resulting from genome sequencing, and allowing testing for specific diseases - such as the test for breast cancer - thus enabling patients to know more about their own health.[15]

NewYork-Presbyterian / Columbia University Irving Medical Center[]

Chung is a Kennedy Family Professor of Pediatrics at Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons (P&S) and directs the clinical genetics program.[4][10] She has also received the Presidential Award for Outstanding Teaching from Columbia in recognition of her teaching and mentoring of students.[10] Her work with children is carried out at NewYork-Presbyterian's Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital (MSCH), located at Columbia University Irving Medical Center (CUIMC).

Chung directs the fellowship program in Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics at CUIMC, supervises medical education in human genetics at P&S, and is the director of the Clinical Cancer Genetics program and the Discover program.[4][17]

Simons Searchlight Foundation[]

Chung directs clinical research at the Simons Foundation Autism Research Initiative and leads both the Simons Foundation Powering Research through Knowledge (SPARK); which is seeking to create a group of 50,000 individuals with Autism who are to contribute data in the form of saliva, medical, and behavioral information,[18] and the Simons Variation in Individuals Project (now known as Simons Searchlight) in which individuals with a variation in a specific segment of their genetic makeup that increases their risk of autism are identified and studied through various tests and neuroimaging to identify new profiles which may be shared by these individuals.[19] In these endeavors, Chung works to manage research programs, evaluate new treatments and medications, and develop novel outcome measures for evaluation of the new treatments. Furthermore, she seeks to identify gene associations with autism and the specific clinical features which may characterize particular gene associations. Alongside her research endeavors, Chung works with the families involved in the project to create community and help them to understand autism and its causes more completely.[20]

Research contributions[]

Throughout her career, Chung's research largely to the genetic basis of human diseases, specifically learning the discovery of new genes and mutations associated with diseases, then implementing these revelations into clinical treatments.[21] Throughout her career, Chung has discovered 25 new genes that cause human diseases.[12]

Obesity and Diabetes[]

Chung worked primarily in research related to the influence of genetic variation in susceptibility to obesity and diabetes, using rodent genetic models as a foundation from which to expand research to humans.[21] In this research, Chung was able to clone a rodent gene designed to prevent obesity and regulate body weight.[21] Her later work expands to human obesity and diabetes susceptibility and prevention.[21]

Inborn Errors of Metabolism[]

Working with less common disorders, Chung has researched mutations and disease associations with Wolfram syndrome, Wolman disease, Leigh syndrome, glycogen storage disease type 111, and juvenile idiopathic arthritis.[21]

Birth Defects[]

Chung's research on birth defects focuses on determining the genetic basis of birth defects, focusing predominately on congenital diaphragmatic hernia and congenital heart disease.[21] Her studies on congenital diaphragmatic hernia have been published in the journals Nature and Science, and have showed that mutations are only rare causes.[21]

Cardiac Disease[]

Chung has concentrated research efforts for cardiac disease on pulmonary arterial hypertension, inherited arrhythmias, and cardiomyopathies.[21]

Chung maintains the North American Hereditary Pulmonary Hypertension Registry, an has found four genes which may cause pulmonary hypertension.[21] Chung's current research is focused on identifying genes leading to pulmonary hypertension in children.[21]

Chung's work researching cardiomyopathies describes metabolic causes, identify genetic modifiers of disease progression in children and infants with the hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and novel genes for infantile cardiomyopathy.[21]

Spinal Muscular Atrophy[]

One of Chung's contributions within the field of genetics involves her role in the development of screenings and treatment for spinal muscular atrophy (SMA),especially in newborns. Chung worked as a part of a team to develop a new screening and intervention process for infants with spinal muscular atrophy, with a pilot study conducted with a population of infants in New York identifying and successfully treating one infant with SMA.[22]

Chung has also conducted a natural history study to understand how spinal muscular atrophy progresses to provide a foundation for clinical trials.[21]

Cancer[]

Chung focuses on a variety of cancer types, including breast cancers and pancreatic cancers, along with several rare forms of cancer and the clinical implementation of testing for cancers.

In her research focused on breast cancer, Chung works at the New York location of the Breast Cancer Family Registry, studying predominately heritable breast cancers.[21] Genetic research in this area has been largely centered on variations of the BRCA1/BRCA2 mutations, as well as how genetics affect decision, health behaviors, and outcomes for patients.[21]

Chung's research within the Columbia pancreas cancer genetic program discovered 27% of patients from the program had identifiable genetic causes for their pancreatic cancer.[21]

Autism and Neurodevelopmental Disorders[]

Chung's research on neurodevelopment disorders at Columbia has resulted in the identification of novel genes associated with neurodevelopment disabilities and autism, including KAT6A, PPP2R5D, PRUNE, EMC1, AHDC1, POGZ, PURA, ARID2, DDX3X, SETD2, KIF1A, and SPATA5.[21]

In April 2014, Chung spoke at TED2014, delivering a talk called "Autism - What we know (and what we don't know yet)."[23][24] Chung discussed different ways in which genetics and autism interact, with some individuals with autism resulting from a single genetic factor, and other individuals with multifactorial autism, caused by multiple factors and genes.[25] Additionally, Chung touched on the ameliorable effects of early detection of autism, along with new testing practices such as eye tracking test for babies which detects whether they have difficulty maintaining eye contact.[25]

Chung also plays an instrumental role in spearheading research regarding a rare neurodegenerative disorder called KIF1A-Associated Neurological Disorder (KAND). The Chung Lab at Columbia University houses the KAND Natural History Study and patient registry, which are key resources that aid in characterizing this rare and novel disease. On April 8, 2021, a paper was published by Lia Boyle, a prominent KIF1A and KAND researcher in the Chung Lab, which characterizes KAND from the data collected through the Natural History Study and details the development of a KAND severity score.[26] Additionally, Chung was featured in part one of a Ken Burns documentary called The Gene: An Intimate History, which focuses on the efforts of Luke Rosen and Sally Jackson, the founders of KIF1A.org, and researchers to find a treatment for KAND patients.[27]

Papers[]

Topic Article Title
Congenital Heart Disease Contribution of rare inherited and de novo variants in 2,871 congenital heart disease probands[28]
De novo mutations in congenital heart disease with neurodevelopmental and other congenital anomalies[29]
Increased Frequency of De novo Copy Number Variations in Congenital Heart Disease by Integrative Analysis of SNP Array and Exome Sequence Data [30]
De novo mutations in histone-modifying genes in congenital heart disease[31]
Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Increased burden of de novo predicted deleterious variants in complex congenital diaphragmatic hernia[32]
Whole exome sequencing identifies de novo mutations in GATA6 associated with congenital diaphragmatic hernia[33]
Variants in GATA4 are a rare cause of familial and sporadic congenital diaphragmatic hernia[34]
Pulmonary Hypertension Whole Exome Sequencing to Identify a Novel Gene (Caveolin-1) Associated With Human Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension[35]
Spinal Muscular Atrophy Pilot study of population-based newborn screening for spinal muscular atrophy in New York state[22]
Spectrum of Neuropathophysiology in Spinal Muscular Atrophy Type I[36]
The motor neuron response to SMN1 deficiency in spinal muscular atrophy[37]
Autism and Neurogenetics Autism Spectrum Disorder, Developmental and Psychiatric Features in 16p11.2 Duplication [38]
De novo missense variants in PPP2R5D are associated with intellectual disability, macrocephaly, hypotonia, and autism[39]
Mutations in TKT Are the Cause of a Syndrome Including Short Stature, Developmental Delay, and Congenital Heart Defects[40]
Progress in Understanding and Treating SCN2A-Mediated Disorders[41]
Quantifying the Effects of 16p11.2 Copy Number Variants on Brain Structure: A Multisite Genetic-First Study[42]
De novo and inherited mutations in the X-linked gene CLCN4 are associated with syndromic intellectual disability and behavior and seizure disorders in males and females[43]
Mutations in SPATA5 Are Associated with Microcephaly, Intellectual Disability, Seizures, and Hearing Loss[44]
A Recurrent PDGFRB Mutation Causes Familial Infantile Myofibromatosis[45]

Recognition and awards[]

2021 American Association of Physicians 2020 National Academy of Medicine 2019 Rare Impact Award, National Organization of Rare Diseases
2018 New York Academy Medal for Distinguished Contributions in Biomedical Science[5][7]
2017 Best Grand Rounds of the Year, Department of Pediatrics Columbia University
2015 American Society for Clinical Investigation
2014 Samberg Scholars in Children's Health
2014 Science Unbound Foundation's Best Paper in 2013, Gill, R; Cheung, YH; Shen, Y; Lanzano, P; Mirza, NM; Ten, S; Maclaren, NK; Motaghedi, R; Han, JC; Yanovski, JA; Leibel, RL; Chung, WK (2014). "Whole-exome sequencing identifies novel LEPR mutations in individuals with severe early onset obesity". Obesity (Silver Spring). 22: 576–84. doi:10.1002/oby.20492. PMC 3791145. PMID 23616257..
2014 Dean's Distinguished Lecture in the Clinical Sciences
2012-2017 Castle Connolly's Top Doctors
2012 Member, Virginia Apgar Academy of Educators
2012 Inductee, Dade County Hall of Fame
2011 Distinguished Lecturer of the Year, Class of 2014, Columbia University
2010 Society of Pediatric Research, member
2010 Distinguished Lecturer of the Year, Class of 2013, Columbia University
2009 Presidential Award for Outstanding Teaching, Columbia University
2008 Medical Achievement Award, Bonei Olam
2008   Distinguished Lecturer, Class of 2011
2008 Glenda Garvey Teaching Academy, member
2005 American Medical Women's Association Mentor Award
2005 Best Translational Research, Columbia University Department of Pediatrics Assistant Professor Research Symposium
2001 Young Investigator Research Grant Award, American Academy of Pediatrics
1998 Dean's Research Award, Cornell University Medical College
1995 Dean's Research Award, Cornell University Medical College
1994 Louis Gibofsky Memorial Prize, Cornell University Medical College
1992 American Institute of Nutrition, Outstanding Student Research Award

[11][better source needed]

Personal life[]

She has two sons[8] and spends most of her free time with her family, engaging in hiking, swimming, biking, solving puzzles, and going on scavenger hunts.[3]

References[]

  1. ^ "ASHG Panel Discusses Implementation of Clinical Sequencing in US, Europe". GenomeWeb. Retrieved 2016-05-01.
  2. ^ "Too Much Information". MIT Technology Review. Retrieved 2016-05-01.
  3. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e "309: Dr. Wendy Chung: Hunting Down Genes that Cause Human Disease". People Behind the Science Podcast. 2015-09-11. Retrieved 2016-05-01.
  4. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g "Faculty and Staff | Institute of Human Nutrition". www.cumc.columbia.edu. Retrieved 2016-05-01.
  5. ^ Jump up to: a b "Columbia University Medical Center - The DHREAMS Team - Molecular Genetic Analysis of Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia CDH". www.cdhgenetics.com. Retrieved 2016-05-01.
  6. ^ "Role of genetics in autism focus of free Kaiser lecture in Portland". OregonLive.com. 2014-10-30. Retrieved 2016-05-01.
  7. ^ Jump up to: a b "Wendy K. Chung, MD, PhD | Columbia University Department of Surgery". columbiasurgery.org. Retrieved 2018-10-17.
  8. ^ Jump up to: a b c d "Wendy Chung, MD, PhD | Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center". www.nbdiabetes.org. Retrieved 2016-05-01.
  9. ^ "2012 Miami-Dade County Public Schools Alumni Hall of Fame". www.engagemiamidade.net. Retrieved 2017-01-05.
  10. ^ Jump up to: a b c "Wendy K. Chung, MD, PhD". Institute of Human Nutrition. 2018-01-24. Retrieved 2018-12-08.
  11. ^ Jump up to: a b "Wendy K. Chung, MD, PhD | Columbia University Department of Surgery". columbiasurgery.org. Retrieved 2018-12-08.
  12. ^ Jump up to: a b "Wendy K. Chung, MD, PhD". Institute of Genomic Medicine. Retrieved 2018-12-11.
  13. ^ "Wendy K. Chung, MD, PhD- NewYork-Presbyterian". www.nyp.org. Retrieved 2016-05-01.
  14. ^ "Wendy K. Chung, MD, PhD | Columbia University Department of Surgery". columbiasurgery.org. Retrieved 2018-11-30.
  15. ^ Jump up to: a b c "Supreme Court Rules Against Gene Patents". Columbia University Irving Medical Center. 2013-06-14. Retrieved 2018-11-30.
  16. ^ "BRCA - Plaintiff Statements". American Civil Liberties Union. Retrieved 2018-11-30.
  17. ^ "Chung Lab at Columbia". Chung Lab at Columbia. Retrieved 2018-12-08.
  18. ^ "SPARK". SFARI. 2016-02-16. Retrieved 2018-12-08.
  19. ^ "Simons Variation in Individuals Project (Simons VIP)". SFARI. 2011-09-16. Retrieved 2018-12-08.
  20. ^ "Wendy Chung". SFARI. 2017-07-21. Retrieved 2018-12-08.
  21. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p "Research". Chung Lab at Columbia. 2016-01-20. Retrieved 2018-12-11.
  22. ^ Jump up to: a b Chung, Wendy K.; Caggana, Michele; Vivo, Darryl C. De; LaMarca, Nicole M.; Young, Sally Dunaway; Andrew, Sarah P.; Jain, Ritu; Cohen, Lilian L.; Albertorio, Anthony (June 2018). "Pilot study of population-based newborn screening for spinal muscular atrophy in New York state". Genetics in Medicine. 20 (6): 608–613. doi:10.1038/gim.2017.152. ISSN 1530-0366. PMID 29758563.
  23. ^ Chung, Wendy. "Wendy Chung | Speaker | TED.com". www.ted.com. Retrieved 2016-05-01.
  24. ^ Staff, NPR/TED. "Wendy Chung: Could Genetics Hold The Answer To Curing Autism?". NPR.org. Retrieved 2016-05-01.
  25. ^ Jump up to: a b "What we know about autism: Wendy Chung at TED2014". TED Blog. 2014-03-20. Retrieved 2018-12-11.
  26. ^ "Genotype and defects in microtubule-based motility correlate with clinical severity in KIF1A-associated neurological disorder". Human Genetics and Genomics Advances. 2 (2): 100026. 2021-04-08. doi:10.1016/j.xhgg.2021.100026. ISSN 2666-2477. PMC 8054982. PMID 33880452.
  27. ^ "KIF1A.ORG | KIF1A Associated Neurological Disorder". KIF1A. Retrieved 2021-04-29.
  28. ^ Brueckner, Martina; Lifton, Richard P.; Seidman, Christine E.; Gelb, Bruce D.; Seidman, Jonathan G.; Chung, Wendy K.; Goldmuntz, Elizabeth; Kaltman, Jonathan R.; Zhao, Hongyu (November 2017). "Contribution of rare inherited and de novo variants in 2,871 congenital heart disease probands". Nature Genetics. 49 (11): 1593–1601. doi:10.1038/ng.3970. ISSN 1546-1718. PMC 5675000. PMID 28991257.
  29. ^ Chung, Wendy K.; Seidman, Christine E.; Lifton, Richard P.; Goldmuntz, Elizabeth; Gelb, Bruce D.; Brueckner, Martina; Seidman, Jonathan G.; Kaltman, Jonathan R.; Sanders, Stephan J. (2015-12-04). "De novo mutations in congenital heart disease with neurodevelopmental and other congenital anomalies". Science. 350 (6265): 1262–1266. Bibcode:2015Sci...350.1262H. doi:10.1126/science.aac9396. ISSN 1095-9203. PMC 4890146. PMID 26785492.
  30. ^ "Papers". Chung Lab at Columbia. 2015-12-08. Retrieved 2018-12-11.
  31. ^ Lifton, Richard P.; Seidman, Christine E.; Goldmuntz, Elizabeth; Gelb, Bruce D.; Chung, Wendy K.; Brueckner, Martina; Seidman, Jonathan G.; Zhao, Hongyu; Williams, Ismee A. (June 2013). "De novo mutations in histone-modifying genes in congenital heart disease". Nature. 498 (7453): 220–223. Bibcode:2013Natur.498..220Z. doi:10.1038/nature12141. ISSN 1476-4687. PMC 3706629. PMID 23665959.
  32. ^ Chung, Wendy K.; Shen, Yufeng; Mychaliska, George B.; Azarow, Kenneth S.; Potoka, Douglas; Arkovitz, Marc S.; Stolar, Charles J.; Aspelund, Gudrun; Wynn, Julia (2015-08-15). "Increased burden of de novo predicted deleterious variants in complex congenital diaphragmatic hernia". Human Molecular Genetics. 24 (16): 4764–4773. doi:10.1093/hmg/ddv196. ISSN 0964-6906. PMC 4512631. PMID 26034137.
  33. ^ Chung, Wendy K.; Mefford, Heather; Genomics, University of Washington Center for Mendelian; Arkovitz, Marc S.; Aspelund, Gudrun; Stolar, Charles; Pietsch, John; Lim, Foong-Yen; Bucher, Brian (2014-03-01). "Whole exome sequencing identifies de novo mutations in GATA6 associated with congenital diaphragmatic hernia". Journal of Medical Genetics. 51 (3): 197–202. doi:10.1136/jmedgenet-2013-101989. ISSN 1468-6244. PMC 3955383. PMID 24385578.
  34. ^ Chung, Wendy K.; Arkovitz, Marc S.; Aspelund, Gudrun; Stolar, Charles; Bucher, Brian; Warner, Brad W.; Potoka, Douglas; Chung, Dai H.; Lim, Foong Yen (2013-03-01). "Variants in GATA4 are a rare cause of familial and sporadic congenital diaphragmatic hernia". Human Genetics. 132 (3): 285–292. doi:10.1007/s00439-012-1249-0. ISSN 1432-1203. PMC 3570587. PMID 23138528.
  35. ^ Austin Eric D.; Ma Lijiang; LeDuc Charles; Berman Rosenzweig Erika; Borczuk Alain; Phillips John A.; Palomero Teresa; Sumazin Pavel; Kim Hyunjae R. (2012-06-01). "Whole Exome Sequencing to Identify a Novel Gene (Caveolin-1) Associated With Human Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension". Circulation: Cardiovascular Genetics. 5 (3): 336–343. doi:10.1161/CIRCGENETICS.111.961888. PMC 3380156. PMID 22474227.
  36. ^ Harding, Brian N.; Kariya, Shingo; Monani, Umrao R.; Chung, Wendy K.; Benton, Maryjane; Yum, Sabrina W.; Tennekoon, Gihan; Finkel, Richard S. (January 2015). "Spectrum of Neuropathophysiology in Spinal Muscular Atrophy Type I". Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology. 74 (1): 15–24. doi:10.1097/NEN.0000000000000144. ISSN 0022-3069. PMC 4350580. PMID 25470343.
  37. ^ Kang, Peter B.; Gooch, Clifton L.; McDermott, Michael P.; Darras, Basil T.; Finkel, Richard S.; Yang, Michele L.; Sproule, Douglas M.; Chung, Wendy K.; Kaufmann, Petra (May 2014). "The motor neuron response to SMN1 deficiency in spinal muscular atrophy". Muscle & Nerve. 49 (5): 636–644. doi:10.1002/mus.23967. ISSN 0148-639X. PMC 4090017. PMID 23893312.
  38. ^ Consortium, on behalf of the Simons VIP; Hanson, Ellen; Chung, Wendy K.; Spiro, John E.; Ledbetter, David H.; Martin, Christa L.; Sherr, Elliot; Roberts, Timothy; Kuschner, Emily (2016-08-01). "Autism Spectrum Disorder, Developmental and Psychiatric Features in 16p11.2 Duplication". Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. 46 (8): 2734–2748. doi:10.1007/s10803-016-2807-4. ISSN 1573-3432. PMID 27207092.
  39. ^ Chung, Wendy K.; Monaghan, Kristin G.; Retterer, Kyle; Folk, Leandra; Pearson, Margaret; Asaikar, Shailesh; Wu, Yvonne W.; Schuette, Jane; Innis, Jeffrey (2016-01-01). "De novo missense variants in PPP2R5D are associated with intellectual disability, macrocephaly, hypotonia, and autism". Neurogenetics. 17 (1): 43–49. doi:10.1007/s10048-015-0466-9. ISSN 1364-6753. PMC 4765493. PMID 26576547.
  40. ^ Boyle, Lia; Wamelink, Mirjam M.C.; Salomons, Gajja S.; Roos, Birthe; Pop, Ana; Dauber, Andrew; Hwa, Vivian; Andrew, Melissa; Douglas, Jessica; Feingold, Murray; Kramer, Nancy; Saitta, Sulagna; Retterer, Kyle; Cho, Megan T.; Begtrup, Amber; Monaghan, Kristin G.; Wynn, Julia; Chung, Wendy K. (2016-06-02). "Mutations in TKT Are the Cause of a Syndrome Including Short Stature, Developmental Delay, and Congenital Heart Defects". The American Journal of Human Genetics. 98 (6): 1235–1242. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.03.030. ISSN 0002-9297. PMC 4908149. PMID 27259054.
  41. ^ Sanders, Stephan J.; Campbell, Arthur J.; Cottrell, Jeffrey R.; Moller, Rikke S.; Wagner, Florence F.; Auldridge, Angie L.; Bernier, Raphael A.; Catterall, William A.; Chung, Wendy K.; Empfield, James R.; George, Alfred L.; Hipp, Joerg F.; Khwaja, Omar; Kiskinis, Evangelos; Lal, Dennis; Malhotra, Dheeraj; Millichap, John J.; Otis, Thomas S.; Petrou, Steven; Pitt, Geoffrey; Schust, Leah F.; Taylor, Cora M.; Tjernagel, Jennifer; Spiro, John E.; Bender, Kevin J. (2018-07-01). "Progress in Understanding and Treating SCN2A-Mediated Disorders". Trends in Neurosciences. 41 (7): 442–456. doi:10.1016/j.tins.2018.03.011. ISSN 0166-2236. PMC 6015533. PMID 29691040.
  42. ^ Martin-Brevet, Sandra; Rodríguez-Herreros, Borja; Nielsen, Jared A.; Moreau, Clara; Modenato, Claudia; Maillard, Anne M.; Pain, Aurélie; Richetin, Sonia; Jønch, Aia E.; Qureshi, Abid Y.; Zürcher, Nicole R.; Conus, Philippe; Chung, Wendy K.; Sherr, Elliott H.; Spiro, John E.; Kherif, Ferath; Beckmann, Jacques S.; Hadjikhani, Nouchine; Reymond, Alexandre; Buckner, Randy L.; Draganski, Bogdan; Jacquemont, Sébastien; Addor, Marie-Claude; Andrieux, Joris; Arveiler, Benoît; Baujat, Geneviève; Sloan-Béna, Frédérique; Belfiore, Marco; Bonneau, Dominique; et al. (2018-08-15). "Quantifying the Effects of 16p11.2 Copy Number Variants on Brain Structure: A Multisite Genetic-First Study". Biological Psychiatry. 84 (4): 253–264. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.02.1176. hdl:21.11116/0000-0001-6AE8-3. ISSN 0006-3223. PMID 29778275.
  43. ^ Kalscheuer, V. M.; Field, M.; Gecz, J.; Jentsch, T. J.; Stankiewicz, P.; Rosenfeld, J. A.; Niu, Z.; Lodh, S. P.; Shaw, M. (February 2018). "De novo and inherited mutations in the X-linked gene CLCN4 are associated with syndromic intellectual disability and behavior and seizure disorders in males and females". Molecular Psychiatry. 23 (2): 222–230. doi:10.1038/mp.2016.135. ISSN 1476-5578. PMC 5794876. PMID 27550844.
  44. ^ Tanaka, Akemi J.; Cho, Megan T.; Millan, Francisca; Juusola, Jane; Retterer, Kyle; Joshi, Charuta; Niyazov, Dmitriy; Garnica, Adolfo; Gratz, Edward; Deardorff, Matthew; Wilkins, Alisha; Ortiz-Gonzalez, Xilma; Mathews, Katherine; Panzer, Karin; Brilstra, Eva; Van Gassen, Koen L.I.; Volker-Touw, Catharina M.L.; Van Binsbergen, Ellen; Sobreira, Nara; Hamosh, Ada; McKnight, Dianalee; Monaghan, Kristin G.; Chung, Wendy K. (2015-09-03). "Mutations in SPATA5 Are Associated with Microcephaly, Intellectual Disability, Seizures, and Hearing Loss". The American Journal of Human Genetics. 97 (3): 457–464. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2015.07.014. ISSN 0002-9297. PMC 4564988. PMID 26299366.
  45. ^ Cheung, Yee Him; Gayden, Tenzin; Campeau, Philippe M.; Leduc, Charles A.; Russo, Donna; Nguyen, Van-Hung; Guo, Jiancheng; Qi, Ming; Guan, Yanfang; Albrecht, Steffen; Moroz, Brenda; Eldin, Karen W.; Lu, James T.; Schwartzentruber, Jeremy; Malkin, David; Berghuis, Albert M.; Emil, Sherif; Gibbs, Richard A.; Burk, David L.; Vanstone, Megan; Lee, Brendan H.; Orchard, David; Boycott, Kym M.; Chung, Wendy K.; Jabado, Nada (2013-06-06). "A Recurrent PDGFRB Mutation Causes Familial Infantile Myofibromatosis". The American Journal of Human Genetics. 92 (6): 996–1000. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2013.04.026. ISSN 0002-9297. PMC 3675240. PMID 23731537.
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