William Stanier

Sir William Arthur Stanier, FRS^[1] (27 May 1876 – 27 September 1965) was a British railway engineer, and was Chief Mechanical Engineer of the London, Midland and Scottish Railway.^[2]

Biography[]

Sir William Stanier was born in Swindon, where his father worked for the Great Western Railway (GWR) as William Dean's Chief Clerk, and educated at Swindon High School and also, for a single year, at Wycliffe College.

In 1891 he followed his father into a career with the GWR, initially as an office boy and then for five years as an apprentice in the workshops. Between 1897 and 1900 he worked in the Drawing Office as a draughtsman, before becoming Inspector of Materials in 1900. In 1904, George Jackson Churchward appointed him as Assistant to the Divisional Locomotive Superintendent in London. In 1912 he returned to Swindon to become the Assistant Works Manager and in 1920 was promoted to the post of Works Manager.

In late 1931, he was "headhunted" by Sir Josiah Stamp, chairman of the London, Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS) to become the Chief Mechanical Engineer (CME) of that railway from 1 January 1932. He was charged with introducing modern and more powerful locomotive designs, using his knowledge gained at Swindon with the GWR.^[3] Stanier built many successful designs for the LMS, particularly the "Black 5" mixed traffic 4-6-0 and the 8F 2-8-0 freight locomotive. His Princess Coronation Class 4-6-2 No.6220 Coronation set a new British record of 114 mph, beating the previous record set by a Gresley A4.

During WWII he worked as a consultant for the Ministry of Supply and retired in 1944. He was knighted on 9 February 1943 and elected a Fellow of the Royal Society^[1][4] on his retirement, only the third locomotive engineer after Edward Bury and Robert Stephenson to receive that honour. He was also president of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers for 1944.

He died in Rickmansworth in 1965. He had married in 1906 Ella Elizabeth, daughter of Levi L Morse;^[5] they had one son and one daughter.^[6]

Sir William was a vice president of the Stephenson Locomotive Society for a number of years until his death in 1965.

Locomotive Designs[]

LMS Stanier 5P5F 4-6-0 'Black Five' class locomotive number 5305

LMS Coronation Class 4-6-2 No 6233 Duchess of Sutherland

William Stanier, with the backing of Sir Josiah Stamp, Chairman of the company, reversed the small engine policy, which the LMS had inherited from the Midland Railway, with beneficial results. Designs introduced by Stanier include:

• LMS Class 2P 0-4-4T (designed in the Midland Railway design office)
• LMS Class 3MT 2-6-2T
• LMS Class 4MT 2-6-4T (3-cyl)
• LMS Class 4MT 2-6-4T (2-cyl)
• LMS Class 5MT 2-6-0
• LMS Class 5MT "Black Five" 4-6-0
• LMS Class 6P "Jubilee" 4-6-0
• LMS Rebuilt Royal Scot Class
• LMS Class 8P "Princess Royal" 4-6-2
• LMS Class 8P "Princess Coronation" 4-6-2 Pacific
• LMS Class 8F 2-8-0
• LMS Turbomotive

Legacy[]

Stanier's designs were a strong influence on the later British Railways standard classes of steam locomotive designed by R A Riddles, which adopted LMS design principles above those of the other "Big Four".

There is a secondary school in Crewe called Sir William Stanier School.

References[]

Bibliography[]

Further reading[]

• Chacksfield, John E. (2001). Sir William Stanier: A New Biography. The Oakwood Library of Railway History. Usk: Oakwood Press. ISBN 0-85361-576-4. OL114.

External links[]

• Railway Engineers: Sir William Stanier FRS
• Steam Index: Sir William Arthur Stanier, FRS
• Royal Society citation