Wilson (1944 film)
Wilson | |
---|---|
![]() Film poster | |
Directed by | Henry King |
Written by | Lamar Trotti |
Produced by | Darryl F. Zanuck |
Starring | Alexander Knox Charles Coburn Geraldine Fitzgerald Thomas Mitchell Ruth Nelson Sir Cedric Hardwicke Vincent Price William Eythe Mary Anderson |
Cinematography | Leon Shamroy |
Edited by | Barbara McLean |
Music by | Alfred Newman |
Color process | Technicolor |
Distributed by | 20th Century Fox |
Release date |
|
Running time | 154 minutes |
Country | United States |
Language | English |
Budget | $2.995 million[1] |
Box office | $2 million (rentals)[2] |
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Scourby-Nelson-Wilson-1944.jpg/270px-Scourby-Nelson-Wilson-1944.jpg)
Wilson is a 1944 American biographical film about the 28th American President Woodrow Wilson produced by Darryl F. Zanuck and directed by Henry King. Shot in Technicolor, the film stars Alexander Knox, Charles Coburn, Geraldine Fitzgerald, Thomas Mitchell, Ruth Nelson, Sir Cedric Hardwicke, Vincent Price, William Eythe and Mary Anderson.
The film was a pet project for distributor 20th Century Fox president Zanuck, who deeply admired Wilson, and he personally oversaw production. Character actor Knox was given one of his few chances to play a lead.
It was critically acclaimed, earning 10 nominations at the 17th Academy Awards and winning 5, including Best Writing, Original Screenplay. Despite this, it was a box office bomb. This upset Zanuck to the point that for years, he forbade his employees from mentioning the film in his presence.[3]
Plot[]
In 1909, Woodrow Wilson is best known as the head of Princeton University and the author of several books on the democratic process. The local Democratic Party political machine convinces him to run for Governor of New Jersey. By the time of his successful election in 1912, Wilson has shown that he is his own man, not a functionary of the machine, and that he will fight for the truth at all costs.
As the U.S. is going through a progressive change in national politics and a split is developing in the opposing Republican Party, Woodrow Wilson is nominated in Baltimore and wins the Presidency in 1912. He pushes through a series of programs, called 'The New Freedom'. As World War I is breaking out in Europe in 1914, President Wilson tries to keep the U.S. neutral. At this same time, his wife Ellen dies of Bright's disease.
Overcome with grief and loneliness, the President, carries on. Early in 1915, at around the same time of the British trans-Atlantic passenger steamer Lusitania sinking, he meets Edith Bolling Galt, a Washington D.C. widow. A courtship develops and they find themselves in love and are married in December 1915. The next year of 1916 brings The President to reelection to a second term. Many feel that he is going to be defeated, and the result is so close that the balance hangs on the returns from California, which goes for President Wilson.
As, he starts his second term, the war finally comes to America. The Zimmerman note (Mexico and German alliance) is enough finally to put the U.S. in the war. The Yanks are coming, and in 1918 victory is on the side of the Allies. President Wilson travels to France to have a hand in the peace treaty, but many Republican senators, including Henry Cabot Lodge, feel the President is leaving them out of the process, and make a decision to kill whatever treaty he brings back, or saddle it with reservations.
President Wilson takes the issue to the people in a multi-state tour, but his health is broken on the trip and days after returning to Washington, has a stroke. Edith shields the President and screens visitors, and takes on a role that is controversial. But President Wilson recovers enough to make an orderly transition to President Warren G. Harding in 1921.
On February 3, 1924. President Woodrow Wilson has died aged 67. He was interred in a sarcophagus in Washington National Cathedral and is the only president interred in the nation's capital.
Cast[]
- Alexander Knox as Woodrow Wilson
- Charles Coburn as Professor Henry Holmes
- Geraldine Fitzgerald as Edith Wilson
- Thomas Mitchell as Joseph Tumulty
- Ruth Nelson as Ellen Wilson
- Sir Cedric Hardwicke as Senator Henry Cabot Lodge
- Vincent Price as William G. McAdoo
- William Eythe as George Felton
- Mary Anderson as Eleanor Wilson
- Ruth Ford as Margaret Wilson
- Sidney Blackmer as Josephus Daniels
- Madeleine Forbes as Jessie Wilson
- Stanley Ridges as Admiral Grayson
- Eddie Foy Jr. as Eddie Foy
- Charles Halton as Colonel House
- Thurston Hall as Senator E.H. Jones
- J. M. Kerrigan as Edward Sullivan
- James Rennie as Jim Beeker
- Katherine Locke as Helen Bones
- Stanley Logan as Secretary Lansing
- Marcel Dalio as Clemenceau
- Edwin Maxwell as William Jennings Bryan
- Clifford Brooke as Lloyd George
- Tonio Selwart as Von Bernstorff
- John Ince as Senator Watson
- Charles Miller as Senator Bromfield
- Francis X. Bushman as Bernard Baruch (uncredited)
- Davison Clark as Champ Clark (uncredited)
Production[]
Wilson's daughter, Eleanor Wilson McAdoo, served as an informal counselor.[4] Journalist Ray Stannard Baker, an authority on Wilson, served as an adviser.
Dwight Frye was to be in the film but died of a heart attack on November 7, 1943, a few days prior to his filming start.[5]
Reception[]
Box office[]
The film lost a reported $2 million for Fox.[6]
Responses[]
Though the film was mostly critically acclaimed[7] and won five Oscars (see below), it was a big financial failure at the box-office.
Film critic Manny Farber in The New Republic was particularly unenthusiastic, calling the production "costly, tedious and impotent" while writing: "The effect of the movie is similar to the one produced by the sterile post-card albums you buy in railroad stations, which unfold like accordions and show you the points of interest in the city ... The producers must have known far more about the World War, the peace-making at Versailles, and Wilson himself, but that is kept out of the movie in the same way that slum sections are kept out of post-card albums ... About three-quarters of the way through, a large amount of actual newsreel from the first World War is run off and the strength of it makes the film that comes before and after seem comical."[8]
Awards[]
Despite the negative press and lackluster box office, it was still nominated for 10 Academy Awards, winning five:
- Best Art Direction-Interior Decoration, Color (Wiard Ihnen and Thomas Little)
- Best Cinematography, Color (Leon Shamroy)
- Best Film Editing (Barbara McLean)
- Best Sound, Recording (E. H. Hansen)
- Best Writing, Original Screenplay (Lamar Trotti)[9][3]
Wilson was also nominated in the Academy Award categories for:
- Best Picture
- Best Director (Henry King)
- Best Actor in a Leading Role (Alexander Knox)
- Best Music, Scoring of a Dramatic or Comedy Picture (Alfred Newman)
- Best Effects, Special Effects (Fred Sersen and Roger Heman Sr.)
American president Franklin D. Roosevelt screened the film at the September 1944 Second Quebec Conference with British Prime Minister Winston Churchill. Churchill was unimpressed, however, leaving during the film to go to bed.
Preservation[]
The Academy Film Archive preserved Wilson in 2006.[10]
References[]
- ^ Solomon, Aubrey (1989). Twentieth Century Fox: A Corporate and Financial History. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press, p. 242, ISBN 978-0-8108-4244-1.
- ^ Solomon, Aubrey (1989). Twentieth Century Fox: A Corporate and Financial History. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press, p. 221, ISBN 978-0-8108-4244-1.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Erickson, Hal (2013). "Wilson (1944) – Review Summary". Movies & TV Dept. The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2013-11-12. Retrieved 2014-02-22.
- ^ Knock, Thomas J. "History with Lightning": The Forgotten Film Wilson. American Quarterly, Vol. 28, No. 5 (Winter, 1976), pp. 523–543
- ^ Mank, Gregory William (2009). Bela Lugosi and Boris Karloff: The Expanded Story of a Haunting Collaboration, with a Complete Filmography of Their Films Together. McFarland. ISBN 9780786454723. Retrieved 24 July 2017.
- ^ "You Can Sell Almost Anything", Variety 20 March 1946
- ^ Codevilla, Angelo (2010-07-16) America's Ruling Class Archived 2011-02-25 at the Wayback Machine The American Spectator
- ^ Farner, Manny, The New Republic, August 14, 1944
- ^ "The 17th Academy Awards (1945) Nominees and Winners". oscars.org. Retrieved 2011-08-15.
- ^ "Preserved Projects". Academy Film Archive.
On November 7, 1943, Frye died of a heart attack at the age of 44 while travelling by bus in Hollywood, a few days before he was scheduled to begin filming the biopic Wilson.
External links[]
- 1944 films
- English-language films
- 1940s historical films
- 1940s biographical films
- American films
- American biographical films
- American historical films
- Biographical films about Woodrow Wilson
- Films shot in New Jersey
- Films shot in Washington, D.C.
- Films that won the Best Sound Mixing Academy Award
- Films whose art director won the Best Art Direction Academy Award
- Films whose writer won the Best Original Screenplay Academy Award
- Films whose cinematographer won the Best Cinematography Academy Award
- Films whose editor won the Best Film Editing Academy Award
- Films featuring a Best Drama Actor Golden Globe winning performance
- 20th Century Fox films
- Films directed by Henry King
- Films produced by Darryl F. Zanuck
- Films with screenplays by Lamar Trotti
- Films scored by Alfred Newman
- Films set in the 1910s
- World War I films
- Cultural depictions of Woodrow Wilson
- Cultural depictions of Georges Clemenceau