Xanthophyllum
Xanthophyllum | |
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Xanthophyllum flavescens, India | |
Scientific classification ![]() | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Clade: | Rosids |
Order: | Fabales |
Family: | Polygalaceae |
Tribe: | Xanthophylleae Chodat |
Genus: | Xanthophyllum Roxb.[1][2] |
Species | |
See text | |
Synonyms[3] | |
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Xanthophyllum is a genus of about 109 species of trees and shrubs, of the plant family Polygalaceae;[3][2] (under the Cronquist system it was previously placed in the monotypic family Xanthophyllaceae). The generic name is from the Greek meaning "yellow leaf", referring to how the leaves are often yellow when dry. In Borneo it is known as minyak berok in Malay or nyalin in the Iban language.[4]
Description[]
Xanthophyllum species grow as trees or shrubs. Their twigs are often smooth and are coloured green or yellow. Leaves, when not drying yellow, dry green or dark brown. Flowers feature five petals. The mostly roundish fruits are not winged and measure up to 15 cm (6 in) in diameter. Fruits of some species are considered edible, e.g. X. ecarinatum, X. obscurum and X. stipitatum.[4]
Distribution and habitat[]
Xanthophyllum grows naturally from India in tropical Asia to northern Australia. The majority of species grow in lowland rainforest. Some species grow at higher altitudes in hill or montane forests. Others occur in peatswamp or kerangas forests.[4]
Species[]
As of February 2021, the following is a list of accepted species:[3]
- Xanthophyllum adenotus Miq.
- W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes
- Chodat
- Miq.
- King
- Meijden
- Gagnep.
- Xanthophyllum beccarianum Chodat
- Gagnep.
- Xanthophyllum bicolor W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes
- Chodat
- Xanthophyllum borneense Miq.
- Xanthophyllum brachystachyum W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes
- Chodat
- Xanthophyllum brevipes Meijden
- Meijden
- Xanthophyllum bullatum King
- J.R.Drumm. & Dunn
- Meijden
- Xanthophyllum ceraceifolium Meijden
- Meijden
- Xanthophyllum clovis (Steenis ex Meijden) Meijden
- Meijden
- Meijden
- Gagnep.
- Xanthophyllum contractum Meijden
- W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes
- Meijden
- Chodat
- Gagnep.
- Xanthophyllum ecarinatum Chodat
- Griff.
- Xanthophyllum ellipticum Korth. ex Miq.
- Gagnep.
- Miq.
- (Blume) Blume ex Miq.
- Xanthophyllum ferrugineum Meijden
- Xanthophyllum flavescens Roxb.
- C.T.White
- Meijden
- Meijden
- Hook.f. ex A.W.Benn.
- Hu
- Xanthophyllum havilandii Chodat
- Xanthophyllum heterophyllum Meijden
- Xanthophyllum impressum Meijden
- (Blume) Meijden
- W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes
- W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes
- Xanthophyllum korthalsianum Miq.
- Meijden
- Xanthophyllum lanceatum (Miq.) J.J.Sm.
- Miq.
- Xanthophyllum lineare (Meijden) W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes
- Xanthophyllum longum W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes
- Xanthophyllum macrophyllum Baker
- Meijden
- Murugan
- Xanthophyllum montanum Meijden
- Meijden
- Xanthophyllum neglectum Meijden
- Meijden
- Xanthophyllum nigricans Meijden
- Xanthophyllum nitidum W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes
- Meijden
- Xanthophyllum obscurum A.W.Benn.
- (F.Muell.) Domin
- C.Y.Wu
- Xanthophyllum ovatifolium Chodat
- Xanthophyllum pachycarpon W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes
- Elmer
- Whitmore ex Meijden
- Xanthophyllum parvifolium Meijden
- Xanthophyllum pauciflorum Meijden
- Xanthophyllum pedicellatum Meijden
- Xanthophyllum penibukanense Heine
- Meijden
- Chodat
- Meijden
- Xanthophyllum pseudoadenotus Meijden
- Xanthophyllum pubescens Meijden
- Xanthophyllum pulchrum King
- Meijden
- Xanthophyllum purpureum Ridl.
- Xanthophyllum ramiflorum Meijden
- Xanthophyllum rectum W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes
- Xanthophyllum reflexum Meijden
- Xanthophyllum resupinatum Meijden
- Xanthophyllum reticulatum Chodat
- Meijden
- W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes
- Xanthophyllum rufum A.W.Benn.
- Xanthophyllum schizocarpon Chodat
- Xanthophyllum stipitatum A.W.Benn.
- Xanthophyllum subcoriaceum (Chodat) Meijden
- C.T.White
- Xanthophyllum sulphureum King
- (Lour.) S.Moore
- Xanthophyllum tardicrescens Meijden
- Xanthophyllum tenue Chodat
- Meijden
- Xanthophyllum trichocladum Chodat
- Xanthophyllum velutinum Chodat
- King
- Roxb.
- Xanthophyllum vitellinum (Blume) D.Dietr.
- King
- C.Y.Wu
- Meijden
References[]
- ^ Roxburgh, William (1819). Plants of the Coast of Coromandel (Digitised, online). 3. East India Company. pp. 81–2. Retrieved 3 Nov 2013 – via biodiversitylibrary.org.
- ^ Jump up to: a b
Meijden, R. van der (1988). "Xanthophyllum". In Adema, F.; Leenhouts, P. W.; van Welzen, P. C. (eds.). Flora Malesiana (Digitised, online). Series I, Spermatophyta : Flowering Plants. Vol. 10 pt. 3: Polygalaceae. Leiden, The Netherlands: Rijksherbarium / Hortus Botanicus, Leiden University. pp. 493–539. ISBN 90-247-3736-2. Retrieved 3 Nov 2013.
|volume=
has extra text (help) - ^ Jump up to: a b c "Xanthophyllum Roxb". Plants of the World Online (POWO). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 9 February 2021.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c De Wilde, W. J. J. O.; Duyfjes, Brigitta E. E. (March 2007). "Xanthophyllum Roxb." (PDF). In Soepadmo, E.; Saw, L. G.; Chung, R. C. K.; Kiew, Ruth (eds.). Tree Flora of Sabah and Sarawak. (free online from the publisher, lesser resolution scan PDF versions). 6. Forest Research Institute Malaysia. pp. 221–235. ISBN 983-2181-89-5. Retrieved 18 March 2014.
External links[]
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- Xanthophyllum
- Fabales genera