Zion's Church, Worpswede

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Zion's Church
Zionskirche (in German)
Zionskark (in Low German)
Zionskirche Worpswede South.JPG
The northeastern tower seen from the churchyard
Zion's Church is located in Lower Saxony
Zion's Church
Zion's Church
Location within Lower Saxony
53°13′14″N 08°55′21″E / 53.22056°N 8.92250°E / 53.22056; 8.92250Coordinates: 53°13′14″N 08°55′21″E / 53.22056°N 8.92250°E / 53.22056; 8.92250
LocationWorpswede
CountryGermany
DenominationLutheran
WebsiteWebsite (in German)
Architecture
Functional statusparish church
Architect(s) [de] (design)
 [de] (construction)
Architectural typeHall church
StyleRococo and Classical style
Completed1759
Specifications
Materialsbrick
Administration
ParishWorpswede
DeaneryOsterholz-Scharmbeck
Diocese [de]
SynodChurch of Hanover
Clergy
Pastor(s)Jörn Contag

Zion's Church (German: Zionskirche, Low Saxon: Zionskark) is a Lutheran parish church in Worpswede, Lower Saxony, Germany. The church is used and owned by the Lutheran Congregation of Worpswede within the Evangelical Lutheran State Church of Hanover. It was completed in 1759 and forms a landmark located on top of the Weyerberg hill.

Church building and furnishings[]

Plaque in Latin commemorating George II as principal of the Zion's Church, hanging on its outside wall
Zion's Church: Typical Protestant Kanzelaltar, topped by the Tetragrammaton of God's Hebrew name יהוה.
The new organ by  [it], inaugurated in 2012
Zion's Church as seen from southwest, painting by Fritz Overbeck, ca. 1900

Moor commissioner  [de][1] carried out the construction of the church building,[2] following the plans by  [de], Electoral Hanoverian court architect of King and Elector George II Augustus of Great Britain and Hanover. As summus episcopus, i.e. the supreme governor of the Lutheran State Church of Hanover, he provided financial support for the construction of the church. The church was built between 1757 and 1759 during the wearisome Seven Years' War, which had its American version as the Anglo-French and Indian War.

The brick hall church is not oriented, but directed on an southwest–northeast axis.[2] Its else rather modest interior is beautified by a typical Protestant Kanzelaltar, combining pulpit and altar table, created in Rococo forms.[2] The pulpit altar is structured by columns and pilasters, in their midst the pulpit.[2] It bears the Tetragrammaton יהוה in a top auriole and to the left of the pulpit the king's rocaille-ornamented initials GR (Georgius Rex, hidden on the photo by a painting of a temporary exhibition).[2]

Lofts (or matronea) span between the outer walls and the columns of Tuscan style.[3] The structure of the lofts and the columns carrying them show already clear classical influence.[3] In typical classical manner the ceiling was originally completely flat, until in 1898 the central section was changed to barrel vault.[3] Due to the loft columns connecting to the flat ceiling only the central section could be changed to barrel vault, disturbing the classical appearance of the hall, giving the impression of a three-nave structure.[3]

There are heads of cherubim by Clara Westhoff and floral ornaments by Paula Becker at the pendentives and the columns, connecting to the ceiling.[3] After in 1900 Westhoff and Becker, both then members of the artists' colony in Worpswede and still students, had rung the church bells for fun, which was generally understood as a fire alarm, they were fined.[3] They could not pay and were allowed to perform instead by way of offering these decorative elements to the church.[3]

The church tower with its spire in baroque forms had been added at the northeastern end of the actual church building only in 1798. Zion's Church is located on the Weyerberg hill, and with its tower it is a landmark, often used as subject of paintings by the artists.

The organ[]

In 1763  [de] created the first organ, which is not preserved.[4] Deteriorating over many years, several times repaired, it went out of order in the 1890s.[5] A new organ by the Peternell Brothers turned out too prone to repairs and was replaced in 1959. That organ by  [de] underwent the same fate so that the presbytery of the congregation voted for a new organ in 2004.[5] On 4 March 2012 this new organ by Hendrik Ahrend was inaugurated.[6] Following traditions of Arp Schnitger and his disciple  [de], Ahrend designed an instrument resembling in its disposition to Gloger's organ, the disposition of which had been recorded.[7]

The churchyard[]

Sculpture Der Übergang (i.e. the passage) by Waldemar Otto on the grave of family Lippold.
Modersohn-Becker's grave sculpture by Bernhard Hoetger.

The cemetery is a churchyard, thus it actually spreads around the church building. It was designed after plans of Findorff and attracts many visitors because of its elevated location on the Weyerberg and due to the graves preserved there. Among these are those of 80 known painters, authors, musicians and artisans, many of whom were members of the Worpswede Artists' Colony.

List of performers of arts and crafts buried in Worpswede[]

  • ; 1911–1979, sculptor and stone chiseller
  • ; 1899–1942, painter and author
  •  [de]; 1897–1979), author
  • ; 1873–1953, painter
  • ; 1913–1997, painter
  • , née Lundbeck; 1880-195?, sculptor and painter
  •  [de]; 1913–1942, painter
  •  [de]; 1877–1963, painter and graphic artist
  • ; 1887–1966, painter
  • ; 1887–1982, painter and graphic artist
  •  [de]; 1889–1981, painter and lyricist
  • ; 1917–1992, photographer
  • Hans am Ende; 1864–1918, painter
  •  [de]; 1915–1992, painter
  • ; 1894–1956, gallery owner
  •  [de]; aka Benny; 1895–1973, painter
  • ; 1904–1981, copperplate engraver
  • ; 1896–1980, publisher
  •  [de]; 1915–2007, graphic artist and painter
  • ; 1883–1960, author
  •  [de]; 1866–1955, painter and author
  • , née Billaudelle; 1920–1964, sculptor
  •  [de]; 1921–1995, sculptor
  •  [de]; 1892–1965, composer
  • Fritz Mackensen; 1866–1953, painter
  •  [de]; 1903–1996, ceramic artist
  • ; 1934–2005, painter
  • Leberecht Migge; 1881–1935, landscape architect, regional planner and protagonist of the life reform movement
  • Paula Modersohn-Becker, 1876–1907, painter
  • , aka Müller-Worpswede; 1901–1975, graphic artist and interior architect
  • ; 1903–2001, handloom weaver and tapestry weaver
  • , aka Fritz; 1891–1945, gallery owner and art merchant
  • ; 1929–1994, gallery owner and art merchant
  • ; 1854–1931, merchant and bookbinder
  • ; 1915–1986, painter and graphic artist
  • ; 1888–1975, ceramic artist and painter
  • Lisel Oppel; 1897–1960, painter
  •  [de]; 1884–1964, painter
  •  [de]; 1939–1993, illustrator
  • , 1895–1956, sculptor
  •  [de]; aka Tüt; 1906–1990, painter and photographer
  • , née von Garvens; 1881–?, author
  •  [de]; 1895–1969, photographer, graphic artist and painter
  • Agnes Sander-Plump; 1888–1980, painter
  •  [de]; 1875–1950, author and novelist
  •  [de]; 1883–1937, painter
  • ; 1895–1963, landscape architect
  •  [de]; 1890–1966, painter
  • ; 1890–1968, painter
  •  [de]; 1923–2005, philosopher and professor of Lomonosov University
  •  [de], née Schröder; 1879–1961, painter and tapestry weaver
  • , aka Mascha; 1905–1993, weaver
  • ; 1922–1980, ceramic artist
  •  [de]; 1951–1998, painter, etcher and illustrator
  •  [de]; 1894–1971, painter and graphic artist
  •  [de]; 1918–2004, painter and illustrator
  •  [de]; 1889–1943, painter and sculptor
  • , cabinet maker
  • ; 1910–1971, painter

Notes[]

  1. ^ Findorff was in charge of draining and colonising the moorland called Teufelsmoor. So he also built three new churches in the area, besides Zion's Church also the churches of Gnarrenburg (1785–1790) and Grasberg (1785–1789). Cf. Hans-Christoph Hoffmann, "Die Kunstlandschaft zwischen Elbe und Weser vom frühen Mittelalter bis zur Neuzeit", in: Geschichte des Landes zwischen Elbe und Weser: 3 vols., Hans-Eckhard Dannenberg and Heinz-Joachim Schulze (eds.), Stade: Landschaftsverband der ehem. Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden, 1995 and 2008, vol. I 'Vor- und Frühgeschichte' (1995; ISBN 978-3-9801919-7-5), vol. II 'Mittelalter (einschl. Kunstgeschichte)' (1995; ISBN 978-3-9801919-8-2), vol. III 'Neuzeit' (2008; ISBN 978-3-9801919-9-9), (=Schriftenreihe des Landschaftsverbandes der ehem. Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden; vols. 7–9), vol. II: pp. 389–517, here p. 487.
  2. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Hans-Christoph Hoffmann, "Die Kunstlandschaft zwischen Elbe und Weser vom frühen Mittelalter bis zur Neuzeit", in: Geschichte des Landes zwischen Elbe und Weser: 3 vols., Hans-Eckhard Dannenberg and Heinz-Joachim Schulze (eds.), Stade: Landschaftsverband der ehem. Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden, 1995 and 2008, vol. I 'Vor- und Frühgeschichte' (1995; ISBN 978-3-9801919-7-5), vol. II 'Mittelalter (einschl. Kunstgeschichte)' (1995; ISBN 978-3-9801919-8-2), vol. III 'Neuzeit' (2008; ISBN 978-3-9801919-9-9), (=Schriftenreihe des Landschaftsverbandes der ehem. Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden; vols. 7–9), vol. II: pp. 389–517, here p. 487.
  3. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Hans-Christoph Hoffmann, "Die Kunstlandschaft zwischen Elbe und Weser vom frühen Mittelalter bis zur Neuzeit", in: Geschichte des Landes zwischen Elbe und Weser: 3 vols., Hans-Eckhard Dannenberg and Heinz-Joachim Schulze (eds.), Stade: Landschaftsverband der ehem. Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden, 1995 and 2008, vol. I 'Vor- und Frühgeschichte' (1995; ISBN 978-3-9801919-7-5), vol. II 'Mittelalter (einschl. Kunstgeschichte)' (1995; ISBN 978-3-9801919-8-2), vol. III 'Neuzeit' (2008; ISBN 978-3-9801919-9-9), (=Schriftenreihe des Landschaftsverbandes der ehem. Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden; vols. 7–9), vol. II: pp. 389–517, here p. 488.
  4. ^ Helmut Stelljes, "«Königin der Kirchenmusik" in der Worpsweder Zionskirche", in: Heimat-Rundblick. Geschichte, Kultur, Natur, No. 100, 1/2012 (springtime 2012), ISSN 2191-4257, pp. 16–17.
  5. ^ Jump up to: a b "Worpswede, Zionskirche: Orgel der Firma Jürgen Ahrend Orgelbau (2012)" Archived 6 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine, on: Norddeutsche Orgelmusikkultur in Niedersachsen und Europa (Nomine) Archived 30 October 2012 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 6 November 2012.
  6. ^ Die neue Orgel Archived 27 May 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 6 November 2012.
  7. ^ "Die Orgel" Archived 22 June 2013 at the Wayback Machine, on: Die neue Orgel Archived 27 May 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 6 November 2012.

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