Çerkes Halil Efendi

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Çerkes Halil Efendi, also known as Haci Halil Efendi ("Haci" being a title for people who have done the pilgrimage to Mecca) was an Ottoman Sheikh ul-Islam,^[1] the 137th, from 1819 until 1821.

When the Greek War of Independence began in 1821 and the plans of the Filiki Eteria were revealed, the Ottoman Sultan Mahmud II ordered Haci Halil to approve a special command (fatwā), according to which the Ottoman army was allowed to kill the Greek citizens of Istanbul in order to suppress the revolution.^{[citation needed]} Haci Halil asked for more time in order to discuss the issue with the Greek Orthodox Patriarch Gregory V.^{[citation needed]}

The Patriarch had already excommunicated the revolution three times, so after he assured Haci Halil that the clerics and himself had nothing to do with the revolt, he begged him to protect them.^{[citation needed]}

Haci Halil asked for the Sultan to separate the innocent from the guilty, as it was written in the Quran, and denied to approve the fatwa. Then the Sultan, enraged, removed Haci Halil from his position and banned him to the island of Lemnos.^{[citation needed]}

However, before his departure he was tortured and bled to death, leaving his last breath in Constantinople (Istanbul).^{[citation needed]}

References[]

• Uzundal, Edip (November 2018). "Osmanlı İlmiye Teşkilatından Bir Portre: Şeyhülislam Halil Efendi ve Terekesi" [A Portrait from Ottoman Science Organisation: Halil Efendi the Şeyhulislam and His Assets] (PDF). (in Turkish). 10 (8): 177–196. doi:10.9737/hist.2018.669. ISSN 1309-4173. - English abstract included

Notes[]

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