Samar

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Samar

Panapukan Beach in Tarangnan, Samar
Location within the Philippines
Geography
Coordinates	12°00′N 125°00′E / 12.000°N 125.000°E / 12.000; 125.000Coordinates: 12°00′N 125°00′E / 12.000°N 125.000°E / 12.000; 125.000
Archipelago	Visayas
Adjacent bodies of water	Leyte Gulf Philippine Sea Samar Sea San Bernardino Strait San Juanico Strait
Area	13,428.8 km2 (5,184.9 sq mi)[1]
Area rank	63rd
Coastline	800.6 km (497.47 mi)[2]
Highest elevation	890 m (2920 ft)
Highest point
Administration
Philippines
Region	Eastern Visayas
Provinces	Eastern Samar Northern Samar (Western) Samar
Largest settlement	Calbayog (pop. 183,851)
Demographics
Population	1,880,020 (2015) [3]
Pop. density	140/km2 (360/sq mi)
Ethnic groups	Visayans (Waray-Waray)

Samar (/ˈsɑːmɑːr/ SAH-mar) is the third-largest island in the Philippines. It is located in the eastern Visayas, which are in the central Philippines. The island is divided into three provinces: Samar (which consists of the western two-fifths of the island of Samar), Northern Samar, and Eastern Samar. These three provinces, along with the provinces on the nearby islands of Leyte and Biliran, are part of the Eastern Visayas region.

About a third of the island of Samar is protected as a natural park, known as the Samar Island Natural Park.

On June 19, 1965, through Republic Act No. 4221, Samar was divided into three provinces: Northern Samar, Western Samar and Eastern Samar. The capitals of the provinces are, respectively, Catarman, Catbalogan City, and Borongan City.^[4] In commemoration of the establishment of these provinces, June 19 is celebrated as an annual holiday and many have the day off from work.

Geography[]

Samar is the third-largest island in the Philippines by area, after the islands of Luzon and Mindanao. is Samar’s highest point, with an elevation of 2,920 ft (890 m).^{[citation needed]}

Samar is the easternmost island in the Visayas. It lies to the northeast of Leyte, separated from it only by the San Juanico Strait, which at its narrowest point is only about 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) across; the strait is spanned by the San Juanico Bridge. And it lies to the southeast of the Bicol Peninsula on Luzon, separated from it only by the San Bernardino Strait.

To the south is the Leyte Gulf, the site of one of the most consequential naval battles of World War II. And to the north and east of Samar lies the Philippine Sea, part of the Pacific Ocean.

History[]

Spanish contact[]

Samar was the first island of the Philippines sighted by the Spanish expedition led by Ferdinand Magellan. He sighted it on 16 March 1521, having sailed there from the Mariana Islands. Realizing he had arrived at an archipelago, he charted the islands, and called them San Lazaro (Saint Lazarus in English) because they were sighted on Lazarus Saturday. The Spaniards later called the island Filipinas, while the Portuguese called it Lequios. Although Samar was the first island of the Philippines sighted by Magellan, he did not land there. He continued south, weighed anchor at Suluan Island, and then finally, on 17 March 1521, he landed on Homonhon Island.^[5]

Years later, other Spanish expeditions arrived. The historian William Henry Scott wrote that a "Samar datu by the name of Iberein was rowed out to a Spanish vessel anchored in his harbor in 1543 by oarsmen collared in gold; while wearing on his own person earrings and chains." Scott recounted a local saga, which the inhabitants called siday, about Bingi of Lawan, a prosperous Lakanate in Samar, and he also recorded that Datu Hadi Iberein came from the Lakanate of Lawan.^[6]

Philippine-American War[]

The final campaign of the Philippine–American War (1899-1902) took place in Samar and is one of the best known, and most notorious, of the entire war. A combination of factors resulted in particularly violent clashes.

On September 28, 1901, Eugenio Daza, Area Commander of Southeastern Samar and Valeriano Abanador, the town's police chief, launched an attack on U.S. Army Company C 9th Infantry Regiment who were occupying Balangiga. The Filipino Forces brought one of the only Filipino victories of the war and the worst American defeat in decades.

In 1989, "Balangiga Encounter Day" was established as a provincial holiday in Eastern Samar to celebrate the Balangiga Encounter victory.^[7][8]

The Balangiga Encounter resulted in the brutal March across Samar.

"I want no prisoners. I wish you to kill and burn; the more you kill and burn, the better it will please me ... The interior of Samar must be made a howling wilderness ..." — Gen. Jacob H. Smith

Thousands of Filipinos were slaughtered by American Marines.

In his history of the war,^[9] Brian McAllister Linn asserts "Samar cast a pall on the army's achievement and, for generations, has been associated in the public mind as typifying the Philippine War."

World War II[]

The waters off the east side of the island also hosted the Battle off Samar on October 25, 1944, wherein a small, unarmored force of United States Navy escorts fought off the center force of the Imperial Japanese Navy, including the Japanese battleship Yamato.

Demographics[]

References[]

External links[]

• Media related to Samar Island at Wikimedia Commons
• Samar Island travel guide from Wikivoyage