Ṭha (Indic)

Ṭha
Ṭha
Example glyphs
Bengali
Tibetan	ཋ
Thai	ฐ
Malayalam	ഠ
Sinhala	ට
Ashoka Brahmi
Devanagari
Cognates
Hebrew	ט
Greek	Θ
Cyrillic	Ѳ
Properties
Phonemic representation	/ʈʰ/ /tʰ/
IAST transliteration	ṭh Ṭh
ISCII code point	BE (190)
	; ^B in most non-Indian languages

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Ṭha (also romanized as Ttha) is a consonant of Indic abugidas. In modern Indic scripts, Ṭha is derived from the early "Ashoka" Brahmi letter after having gone through the Gupta letter . As with the other cerebral consonants, ṭha is not found in most scripts for Tai, Sino-Tibetan, and other non-Indic languages, except for a few scripts, which retain these letters for transcribing Sanskrit religious terms.

Āryabhaṭa numeration[]

Aryabhata used Devanagari letters for numbers, very similar to the Greek numerals, even after the invention of Indian numerals. The values of the different forms of ठ are:^[1]

ठ [ʈʰə] = 12 (१२)
ठि [ʈʰɪ] = 1,200 (१२००)
ठु [ʈʰʊ] = 120,000 (१ २० ०००)
ठृ [ʈʰri] = 12,000,000 (१ २० ०० ०००)
ठॢ [ʈʰlə] = 1,200,000,000 (१ २० ०० ०० ०००)
ठे [ʈʰe] = 12×10¹⁰ (१२×१०^��०)
ठै [ʈʰɛː] = 12×10¹² (१२×१०^१२)
ठो [ʈʰoː] = 12×10¹⁴ (१२×१०^१४)
ठौ [ʈʰɔː] = 12×10¹⁶ (१२×१०^१६)

Historic Ttha[]

There are three different general early historic scripts - Brahmi and its variants, Kharoṣṭhī, and Tocharian, the so-called slanting Brahmi. Ttha as found in standard Brahmi, was a simple geometric shape, and did not vary much throughout the centuries. The Tocharian Ttha did not have an alterante Fremdzeichen form. The third form of ttha, in Kharoshthi () was probably derived from Aramaic separately from the Brahmi letter.

Brahmi Ttha[]

The Brahmi letter , Ttha, is probably derived from the altered Aramaic Teth , and is thus related to the modern Greek Theta.^[2] Several identifiable styles of writing the Brahmi Ttha can be found, most associated with a specific set of inscriptions from an artifact or diverse records from an historic period.^[3] As the earliest and most geometric style of Brahmi, the letters found on the Edicts of Ashoka and other records from around that time are normally the reference form for Brahmi letters, with vowel marks not attested until later forms of Brahmi back-formed to match the geometric writing style.

Brahmi Ttha historic forms
Ashoka (3rd-1st c. BCE)	Girnar (~150 BCE)	Kushana (~150-250 CE)	Gujarat (~250 CE)	Gupta (~350 CE)

Tocharian Ttha[]

The Tocharian letter is derived from the Brahmi , but does not have an alternate Fremdzeichen form.

Tocharian Ttha with vowel marks
Ttha	Tthā	Tthi	Tthī	Tthu	Tthū	Tthr	Tthr̄	Tthe	Tthai	Ttho	Tthau	Tthä

Kharoṣṭhī Ttha[]

The Kharoṣṭhī letter is generally accepted as being derived from the altered Aramaic Taw , and is thus related to T and Tau.^[2]

Devanagari Ṭha[]

Ṭha (ठ) is a consonant of the Devanagari abugida. It ultimately arose from the Brahmi letter , after having gone through the Gupta letter . Letters that derive from it are the Gujarati letter ઠ, and the Modi letter

B

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[2]

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