(163899) 2003 SD₂₂₀

(163899) 2003 SD₂₂₀
	The orbit of 2003 SD220 extends slightly outside of the orbit of Earth.
Discovery
Discovered by	LONEOS
Discovery site	Anderson Mesa Stn.
Discovery date	29 September 2003
Designations
MPC designation	(163899) 2003 SD220
Alternative designations	2003 SD220 · 2000 AD229
Minor planet category	NEO · PHA · Aten
Orbital characteristics
	Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5)
	Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc	15.96 yr (5,828 days)
Aphelion	1.0019 AU
Perihelion	0.6533 AU
Semi-major axis	0.8276 AU
Eccentricity	0.2106
Orbital period	0.75 yr (275 days)
Mean anomaly	322.67°
Mean motion	1° 18m 33.12s / day
Inclination	8.4591°
Longitude of ascending node	274.05°
Argument of perihelion	326.47°
Earth MOID	0.0174 AU · 6.8 LD
Physical characteristics
Mean diameter	0.80±0.02 km; 1.03 km (calculated)
Rotation period	285±5 h; 11.9±0.2 days
Geometric albedo	0.20 (assumed); 0.31±0.04
Spectral type	S (assumed)
Absolute magnitude (H)	17.3 · 17.36

(163899) 2003 SD₂₂₀ is a sub-kilometer asteroid and tumbling slow rotator, classified as near-Earth object and potentially hazardous asteroid of the Aten group, which orbit the Sun between Venus and Earth. Its orbital period of 0.75 years means that it orbits the sun about 4 times for every 3 of the Earth. It was discovered on 29 September 2003, by astronomers of the Lowell Observatory Near-Earth-Object Search at Anderson Mesa Station near Flagstaff, Arizona.^[2]

Earth flybys 2015–2027[]

Minimum distances from 2009 to 2027

It passed about 28 lunar distances (LD) from the Earth on 25 December 2015. It came within about 7 LD (0.0189 AU) on 22 December 2018. Its peak brightness was about 13.13 magnitude on 16 December 2018.

Observations are planned for favorable flybys in 2021, 2024, and 2027. It will pass with 14 LD (0.0363 AU) on 17 December 2021, and 34 LD (0.0884 AU) on 2 December 2024, and 54 LD (0.1382 AU) on 12 November 2027.^[1]

Patrick Taylor of Arecibo Observatory suggested it could be a target for a future robotic mission.^[6]

Closest flyby 2018[]

2003 SD₂₂₀ passed its closest distance of 7.34 LD (0.01899 AU) on 22 December 2018. It was on the list of Goldstone targets for December 2018 ^[7] to gain more information for the (NHATS).^[8]

Asteroid 2003 SD220 radar images (15–17 December 2018)^[9]

Its peak brightness was about 13.1 magnitude on 16 December 2018, moving south from Ursa major and Boötes into Ophiuchus at closest approach and into Sagittarius.

The daily motion of *(163899) 2003 SD220* in December 2018

2015[]

It was observed in December 2015 at a distance of 28.3 lunar distances (0.07296 AU) on December 24, and its brightest was 15.22 magnitude on December 16. It showed an elongated shape, up to 2 km wide, described as being shaped like a sweet potato.

GDSCC		Arecibo Observatory
17 December 2015	22 December 2015	3–16 December 2015

Path of asteroid during December 2015 (3 day motion)

2021[]

2003 SD₂₂₀ will pass at a distance of 14.1 lunar distances (0.03628 AU) on December 17, 2021.

Notes[]

^ Lightcurve plot of (163899) 2003 SD₂₂₀, by Brian Warner, Palmer Divide Station, California (2015). Rotation period of 285±5 hours with a brightness amplitude of 2.2±0.1 mag. Quality Code 2+. Summary figures at the LCDB

References[]

^ Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 163899 (2003 SD220)" (2015-12-21 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 22 November 2017.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c "163899 (2003 SD220)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 22 November 2017.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c Nugent, C. R.; Mainzer, A.; Bauer, J.; Cutri, R. M.; Kramer, E. A.; Grav, T.; et al. (September 2016). "NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year Two: Asteroid Diameters and Albedos". The Astronomical Journal. 152 (3): 12. arXiv:1606.08923. Bibcode:2016AJ....152...63N. doi:10.3847/0004-6256/152/3/63. S2CID 119289027.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c ^d "LCDB Data for (163899)". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 22 November 2017.
^ Warner, Brian D. (April 2016). "Near-Earth Asteroid Lightcurve Analysis at CS3-Palmer Divide Station: 2015 October-December". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 43 (2): 143–154. Bibcode:2016MPBu...43..143W. ISSN 1052-8091. PMC 7243997. PMID 32455373.
^ Silent Night: Asteroid 2003 SD220 Sleighs by Earth on Christmas Eve Archived 2016-08-10 at the Wayback Machine Arecibo Observatory
^ https://echo.jpl.nasa.gov/asteroids/goldstone_asteroid_schedule.html
^ https://cneos.jpl.nasa.gov/nhats/intro.html
^ Agle, DC; Brown, Dwayne; Wendel, JoAnna; Blue, Charles; Correa, Ricardo (21 December 2018). "Holiday Asteroid Imaged with NASA Radar". NASA. Retrieved 21 December 2018.

External links[]

Radar Images of a Christmas-Eve Asteroid: An Early Gift for Astronomers Goldstone, JPL, December 23, 2015
No, a "Massive" Asteroid Passing Earth on Thursday Will Not Cause Earthquakes By Phil Plait, December 21, 2015
Mission Opportunities for Human Exploration of Nearby Planetary Bodies Cyrus Foster, Matthew Daniels (2016)
(163899) 2003 SD220 at NeoDyS-2, Near Earth Objects—Dynamic Site
- Ephemeris · Obs prediction · Orbital info · MOID · Proper elements · Obs info · Close · Physical info · NEOCC
(163899) 2003 SD220 at ESA–space situational awareness
- Ephemerides · Observations · Orbit · Physical Properties · Summary
(163899) 2003 SD220 at the JPL Small-Body Database
- Close approach · Discovery · Ephemeris · Orbit diagram · Orbital elements · Physical parameters

[lightcurve-plot-Warner-6] Lightcurve plot of (163899) 2003 SD₂₂₀, by Brian Warner, Palmer Divide Station, California (2015). Rotation period of 285±5 hours with a brightness amplitude of 2.2±0.1 mag. Quality Code 2+. Summary figures at the LCDB

[jpldata-1] Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 163899 (2003 SD220)" (2015-12-21 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 22 November 2017.

[MPC-object-2] Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c "163899 (2003 SD220)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 22 November 2017.

[Nugent-2016-3] Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c Nugent, C. R.; Mainzer, A.; Bauer, J.; Cutri, R. M.; Kramer, E. A.; Grav, T.; et al. (September 2016). "NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year Two: Asteroid Diameters and Albedos". The Astronomical Journal. 152 (3): 12. arXiv:1606.08923. Bibcode:2016AJ....152...63N. doi:10.3847/0004-6256/152/3/63. S2CID 119289027.

[lcdb-4] Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c ^d "LCDB Data for (163899)". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 22 November 2017.

[Warner-2016e-5] Warner, Brian D. (April 2016). "Near-Earth Asteroid Lightcurve Analysis at CS3-Palmer Divide Station: 2015 October-December". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 43 (2): 143–154. Bibcode:2016MPBu...43..143W. ISSN 1052-8091. PMC 7243997. PMID 32455373.

[7] Silent Night: Asteroid 2003 SD220 Sleighs by Earth on Christmas Eve Archived 2016-08-10 at the Wayback Machine Arecibo Observatory

[8] ttps://echo.jpl.nasa.gov/asteroids/goldstone_asteroid_schedule.html

[9] ttps://cneos.jpl.nasa.gov/nhats/intro.html

[NASA-20181221-10] Agle, DC; Brown, Dwayne; Wendel, JoAnna; Blue, Charles; Correa, Ricardo (21 December 2018). "Holiday Asteroid Imaged with NASA Radar". NASA. Retrieved 21 December 2018.

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Discovery^[1]^[2]
The orbit of 2003 SD₂₂₀ extends slightly outside of the orbit of Earth.
Discovered by	LONEOS
Discovery site	Anderson Mesa Stn.
Discovery date	29 September 2003
Designations
MPC designation	(163899) 2003 SD₂₂₀
Alternative designations	2003 SD₂₂₀ · 2000 AD₂₂₉
Minor planet category	NEO · PHA · Aten^[1]^[2]
Orbital characteristics^[1]
Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc	15.96 yr (5,828 days)
Aphelion	1.0019 AU
Perihelion	0.6533 AU
Semi-major axis	0.8276 AU
Eccentricity	0.2106
Orbital period	0.75 yr (275 days)
Mean anomaly	322.67°
Mean motion	1° 18^m 33.12^s / day
Inclination	8.4591°
Longitude of ascending node	274.05°
Argument of perihelion	326.47°
Earth MOID	0.0174 AU · 6.8 LD
Physical characteristics
Mean diameter	0.80±0.02 km^[3] 1.03 km (calculated)^[4]
Rotation period	285±5 h^[5]^[a] 11.9±0.2 days
Geometric albedo	0.20 (assumed)^[4] 0.31±0.04^[3]
Spectral type	S (assumed)^[4]
Absolute magnitude (H)	17.3^[1]^[4] · 17.36^[3]

(163899) 2003 SD220