1460s in England

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Events from the 1460s in England.

Incumbents[]

  • Monarch – Henry VI (until 4 March 1461), then Edward IV
  • Parliament – (starting 7 October 1460, until c. 4 March 1461), (starting 4 November 1461, until 6 May 1462), (starting 29 April 1463, until 28 March 1465), (starting 3 June 1467, until 7 June 1468)

Events[]

  • 1460
    • 15 January – Wars of the Roses: Yorkists raid Sandwich, Kent and capture the royal fleet during the Battle of Sandwich.[1]
    • 26 June – Wars of the Roses: Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick and Edward, Earl of March (eldest son of Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York) land at Sandwich with an army and march on London. Here the Earl of Salisbury remains and, with the support of the citizens, besieges the Tower of London whose Lancastrian commander, Lord Scales, on 4 July turns its weapons against the city.[2]
    • 10 July – Wars of the Roses: At the Battle of Northampton, Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick and Edward, Earl of March defeat a Lancastrian army and seize King Henry VI.[3] Queen Margaret escapes with her son, Edward, across Cheshire to Harlech Castle.
    • 19 July – Lord Scales surrenders the Tower of London to the Yorkists; he is subsequently murdered by a mob.[2]
    • 10 October – Richard of York claims the throne in London.[1]
    • 25 October – Parliament passes the Act of Accord, proclaiming Richard of York as the heir to the throne, disinheriting the King's son Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales.[1]
    • 30 December – Wars of the Roses: At the Battle of Wakefield, a decisive Lancastrian victory under Henry Beaufort, Duke of Somerset and Henry Percy, Earl of Northumberland, is won and Richard of York and his son, Edmund, Earl of Rutland, are both killed, the latter murdered after the battle,[3] while Warwick's father, the Earl of Salisbury, is beheaded the following day. York's son Edward, Earl of March becomes leader of the Yorkist faction.
  • 1461
  • 1462
    • April – Queen Margaret, with her son Edward, makes her way from Edinburgh via Bamburgh and Sluis to the court of France, where on 23 June she secretly offers the surrender of Calais in return for aid and on 28 June secures agreement for a French-supported expedition to England.[5]
    • 25 October – Queen Margaret leads an invasion of Northumberland with French forces under Pierre de Brézé. Picking up Henry VI in Scotland, they land at Bamburgh and briefly take Alnwick for the Lancastrians before being forced by an advancing Yorkist army and the wrecking of their fleet to take refuge at Berwick Castle, which is itself recaptured by Yorkists by Christmas.[1]
  • 1463
    • August – Queen Margaret leaves Scotland for France. She will never see her husband again and will not return to England until 1471.
    • 8 October – ends French support for the Lancastrians.[1]
    • Importation of foreign playing cards banned to protect English manufacturers.[1]
  • 1464
    • 25 April – Wars of the Roses: At the Battle of Hedgeley Moor, Yorkist forces under John Neville defeat Lancastrians under Sir Ralph Percy, who is killed.[1]
    • 1 May – Edward IV secretly marries Elizabeth Woodville. He keeps the marriage a secret until 14 September.[1]
    • 15 May – Wars of the Roses: At the Battle of Hexham, Neville defeats the Lancastrian army. This marks the end of organized Lancastrian resistance for several years.
    • 1 June – Fifteen year-truce with Scotland signed by the Treaty of York.[1]
  • 1465
    • c. March – Re-foundation of Queens' College, Cambridge by Elizabeth Woodville.[1]
    • 26 May – Coronation of Elizabeth Woodville as Queen Consort.[1]
    • 13 July – Former King Henry VI is captured by Yorkist forces at Waddington, Lancashire, and imprisoned in the Tower of London.[3]
    • Reform of the coinage, including introduction of the Angel and the Rose Noble.[1]
  • 1466
  • 1467
  • 1468
    • 3 July – Marriage of Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy to Margaret of York, sister of Edward IV.[3]
    • 29 July – Hansa merchants expelled from London; Anglo-Hanseatic War breaks out with the Hanseatic League[1] in 1469.
    • November – First recorded English use of the rack in torture.[1]
  • 1469

Births[]

  • 1460
  • 1461
    • Nicholas West, bishop and diplomat (died 1533)
  • 1462
    • Edmund Dudley, minister of Henry VII (died 1510)
  • 1465
    • William Cornysh, composer (died 1523)
  • 1466
    • 11 February – Elizabeth of York, queen of Henry VII (died 1503)
  • 1467
    • January – John Colet, churchman and educational pioneer (died 1519)
    • 11 August – Mary of York, daughter of King Edward IV (died 1482)
    • John Bourchier, 2nd Baron Berners, translator (died 1553)
    • John Yonge, ecclesiastic and diplomatist (died 1516)
    • William Latimer, churchman and scholar (died 1545)
  • 1469

Deaths[]

References[]

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x Palmer, Alan; Palmer, Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd. pp. 128–131. ISBN 0-7126-5616-2.
  2. ^ a b Bennett, Vanora. "London and the Wars of the Roses". Archived from the original on 2013-09-14. Retrieved 2013-08-16.
  3. ^ a b c d e Williams, Hywel (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp. 183–185. ISBN 0-304-35730-8.
  4. ^ a b Penguin Pocket On This Day. Penguin Reference Library. 2006. p. 90. ISBN 0-14-102715-0.
  5. ^ Dunn, Diana E. S. (2004). "Margaret (1430–1482)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/18049. Retrieved 2016-03-16. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
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