153 (number)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

← 152 153 154 →
← 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 →
List of numbers — Integers
← 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 →
Cardinalone hundred fifty-three
Ordinal153rd
(one hundred fifty-third)
Factorization32 × 17
Divisors1, 3, 9, 17, 51, 153
Greek numeralΡΝΓ´
Roman numeralCLIII
Binary100110012
Ternary122003
Octal2318
Duodecimal10912
Hexadecimal9916

153 (one hundred [and] fifty-three) is the natural number following 152 and preceding 154.

Mathematical properties[]

The number 153 is the 17th triangular number. The colours show that 153 is also the sum of the first five positive factorials.

The number 153 is associated with the geometric shape known as the Vesica Piscis or Mandorla. Archimedes, in his Measurement of a Circle, referred to this ratio (153/265), as constituting the "measure of the fish", this ratio being an imperfect representation of 1/√3.

As a triangular number, 153 is the sum of the first 17 integers, and is also the sum of the first five positive factorials:.[1]

The number 153 is also a hexagonal number, and a truncated triangle number, meaning that 1, 15, and 153 are all triangle numbers.

The distinct prime factors of 153 add up to 20, and so do the ones of 154, hence the two form a Ruth-Aaron pair.

Since , it is a 3-narcissistic number, and it is also the smallest three-digit number which can be expressed as the sum of cubes of its digits.[2] Only five other numbers can be expressed as the sum of the cubes of their digits: 0, 1, 370, 371 and 407.[3] It is also a Friedman number, since 153 = 3 × 51, and a Harshad number in base 10, being divisible by the sum of its own digits.

The Biggs–Smith graph is a symmetric graph with 153 edges, all equivalent.

Another feature of the number 153 is that it is the limit of the following algorithm:[4][5][6]

  1. Take a random positive integer, divisible by three
  2. Split that number into its base 10 digits
  3. Take the sum of their cubes
  4. Go back to the second step

An example, starting with the number 84:

In the Bible[]

Appearance on Lake Tiberias by Duccio, 14th century, showing Jesus and the 7 fishing disciples (with Saint Peter leaving the boat).

The Gospel of John (chapter 21:1–14) includes the narrative of the miraculous catch of 153 fish as the third appearance of Jesus after his resurrection.[7]

The precision of the number of fish in this narrative has long been considered peculiar, and many scholars, throughout history, have argued that 153 has some deeper significance. Jerome, for example, wrote that Oppian's Halieutica listed 153 species of fish, although this could not have been the intended meaning of the Gospel writer because Oppian composed Halieutica after the Gospel text was written, and at any rate never gave a list of fish species that clearly adds up to 153.[8][9]

Cornelius à Lapide writes that the "multitude of fishes mystically represents the multitude of the faithful which Peter and the Apostles afterwards caught by the net of evangelical preaching, and converted to Christ".[10]

Augustine of Hippo argued that the significance lay in the fact that 153 is the sum of the first 17 integers (i.e. 153 is the 17th triangular number), with 17 representing the combination of divine grace (the seven gifts of the Holy Spirit) and law (the Ten Commandments).[11][12] Theologian D. A. Carson discusses this and other interpretations and concludes that "if the Evangelist has some symbolism in mind connected with the number 153, he has hidden it well",[13] while other scholars note that "no symbolic significance for the number of 153 fish in John 21:11 has received widespread support."[14]

Writers claiming a major role for Mary Magdalene have noted that in Greek isopsephy her epithet "η Μαγδαληνή" bears the number 8 + 40 + 1 + 3 + 4 + 1 + 30 + 8 + 50 + 8 = 153, thus, it is suggested, revealing her importance.[15] Similarly, the phrase "τὸ δίκτυον" (the net) used in the passage bears the number 1224 = 8 × 153,[15] as do some other phrases. The significance of this is unclear, given that Koine Greek provides a choice of several noun endings[16] with different isopsephy values.[17] The number 153 has also been related to the vesica piscis, with the claim that Archimedes used 153 as a "shorthand or abbreviation"[15] for the square root of 3 in his On the Measurement of the Circle. However, examination of that work [18] shows this to be only partly correct.[4]

Evagrius Ponticus referred to the catch of 153 fish, as well as to the mathematical properties of the number (153 = 100 + 28 + 25, with 100 a square number, 28 a triangular number and 25 a circular number) when describing his 153-chapter work on prayer.[19] Louis de Montfort, in his fifth method of saying the Rosary, connects the catch of 153 fish with the number of Hail Marys said (3 plus 15 sets of 10),[20] while St Paul's School in London was founded in 1512 by John Colet to teach 153 poor men's children, also in reference to the catch.[21]

In the military[]

HMAS Stuart (FFH 153) in 2006
  • HMAS Stuart (FFH 153) is an Anzac-class frigate of the Royal Australian Navy
  • HMAS Whyalla (J153) was a Bathurst-class corvette of the Royal Australian Navy during World War II
  • JDS Yūgiri (DD-153) is an Asagiri-class destroyer of the Japanese Maritime Self-Defense Force
  • USNS Cumberland (T-AO-153) was a United States Navy auxiliary ship during the Vietnam War
  • USS Asphalt (IX-153) was a United States Navy Trefoil-class concrete barge during World War II
  • USS Bernadou (DD-153) was a United States Navy Wickes-class destroyer during World War II
  • USS Buoyant (AM-153) was a United States Navy Admirable-class minesweeper during World War II
  • USS Compass Island (AG-153) was a United States Navy naval fighting ship during World War II
  • USS General R. M. Blatchford (AP-153) was a United States Navy General G. O. Squier-class transport ship during World War II
  • USS Laurens (APA-153) was a United States Navy Haskell-class attack transport during World War II
  • USS Reuben James (DE-153) was a United States Navy Buckley-class destroyer escort during World War II
  • USS S-42 (SS-153) was a United States Navy S-class submarine during World War II
  • The 153d Airlift Wing is a unit of the United States Air Force, located at Cheyenne Regional Airport, Cheyenne, Wyoming.
  • The 153d Air Refueling Squadron is a unit of the Mississippi Air National Guard, flying the KC-135 Stratotanker
  • The 153rd Illinois Volunteer Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War
  • The Russian Soviet Polikarpov I-153 Chaika ("Seagull") was a late 1930s biplane fighter which saw combat during World War II

In transportation[]

  • British Rail Class 153 is a single-car diesel multiple unit train
  • Caledonian Airways Flight 153 from Douala International Airport, Douala, Cameroon crashed on March 4, 1962
  • The Peugeot Type 153 car, produced between 1913 and 1925
  • 153rd Street station on Metra's SouthWest Service in Orland Park, Illinois

In sports[]

  • Australian rules footballer Scott Hodges had a SANFL season goal kicking record of 153 in 1990

In radio and TV[]

Donebach's radio masts in 2004.

In other fields[]

153 is also:

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ Wells, D. The Penguin Dictionary of Curious and Interesting Numbers London: Penguin Group. (1987): 140–141.
  2. ^ Gupta, Shayam Sunder. "Curious Properties of 153". Retrieved June 26, 2009.
  3. ^ OEIS:A046197
  4. ^ Jump up to: a b Catch of the Day (153 Fishes) at mathpages.com.
  5. ^ OEIS:A165330
  6. ^ OEIS:A346630
  7. ^ Biblegateway John 21:1–14
  8. ^ Grant, Robert McQueen (1999). Early Christians and Animals. Routledge. p. 23. ISBN 0-415-20204-3.
  9. ^ Grant, Robert M. (October 1949). "One Hundred Fifty-Three Large Fish (John 21:11)". Harvard Theological Review. 42 (4): 273–275. doi:10.1017/s0017816000024329. JSTOR 1508507.
  10. ^ The Great Biblical Commentary of Cornelius à Lapide.
  11. ^ Jason Byassee, Praise Seeking Understanding: Reading the Psalms with Augustine, Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 2007, p. 130, ISBN 0-8028-4012-4.
  12. ^ John E. Rotelle (ed) and Edmund Hill (tr), The works of Saint Augustine: A Translation for the 21st Century, Part 3, Volume 7 (Sermons: On the Liturgical Seasons), p. 112, ISBN 1-56548-059-7.
  13. ^ D. A. Carson, The Gospel According to John (Pillar Commentaries Series), Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 1991, p. 673, ISBN 0-85111-749-X.
  14. ^ Leland Ryken, Jim Wilhoit, Tremper Longman, Colin Duriez, Douglas Penney, and Daniel G. Reid, Dictionary of Biblical Imagery (Fish), InterVarsity Press, 1998, p. 290, ISBN 0-8308-1451-5.
  15. ^ Jump up to: a b c Margaret Starbird, Magdalene's Lost Legacy: Symbolic Numbers and the Sacred Union in Christianity, Inner Traditions / Bear & Company, 2003, pages 49 and 139, ISBN 1-59143-012-7.
  16. ^ J.W. Wenham, The Elements of New Testament Greek, Cambridge University Press, 1965.
  17. ^ For example, ἰχθύς (fish) has isopsephy values of 1219, 1069, 1289, 1029, 1224, 1220, 1869, 1229, and 1279 with the different noun endings on p. 124 of Wenham, and a further range of possibilities when the definite article is added.
  18. ^ Heath, Thomas Little (1897), The Works of Archimedes, Cambridge University, pp. lxxvii , 50, retrieved January 30, 2010
  19. ^ William Harmless, Desert Christians: An Introduction to the Literature of Early Monasticism, Oxford University Press, 2004, pp. 320–341, ISBN 0-19-516222-6.
  20. ^ Montfort.org.uk Archived December 9, 2009, at the Wayback Machine, "its fruitfulness as shown in the net that St. Peter by order of Our Lord threw into the sea and which though filled with 153 fish did not break."
  21. ^ Peter Cunningham, Modern London; or, London as it is, 1851, p. 193.
  22. ^ Table of transmission frequencies
  23. ^ World-airport-coedes.com
  24. ^ 153 Chymical Aphorisms.

External links[]

Retrieved from ""