1905 Spanish general election

1905 Spanish general election

← 1903 10 September 1905 (Congress) 24 September 1905 (Senate) 1907 →
All 404 seats in the Congress of Deputies and 180 (of 360) seats in the Senate 203 seats needed for a majority in the Congress of Deputies
First party Second party Third party   Leader Eugenio Montero Ríos Antonio Maura Nicolás Salmerón Party Liberal Conservative PUR Leader since 1902 1905 1903 Leader's seat Senator for life Palma Barcelona Last election 116 seats[a][b] 216 seats[b] 30 seats Seats won 223 107 27 Seat change 107 109 3
Prime Minister before election Eugenio Montero Ríos Liberal Prime Minister after election Eugenio Montero Ríos Liberal

The 1905 Spanish general election was held on Sunday, 10 September and on Sunday, 24 September 1905, to elect the 12th Restoration Cortes of the Kingdom of Spain. All 404 seats in the Congress of Deputies were up for election, as well as 180 of 360 seats in the Senate.^[1]

Overview[]

Background[]

The Spanish Constitution of 1876 enshrined Spain as a constitutional monarchy, awarding the King power to name senators and to revoke laws, as well as the title of commander-in-chief of the army. The King would also play a key role in the system of El Turno Pacífico (the Peaceful Turn) by appointing and toppling governments and allowing the opposition to take power. Under this system, the Conservative and Liberal parties alternated in power by means of election rigging, which they achieved through the encasillado, using the links between the Ministry of Governance, the provincial civil governors, and the local bosses (caciques) to ensure victory and exclude minor parties from the power sharing.^[2]

Electoral system[]

The Spanish Cortes were envisaged as "co-legislative bodies", based on a nearly perfect bicameralism. Both the Congress of Deputies and the Senate had legislative, control and budgetary functions, sharing equal powers except for laws on contributions or public credit, where the Congress had preeminence.^[3][4] Voting for the Cortes was on the basis of universal manhood suffrage, which comprised all national males over twenty-five, having at least a two-year residency in a municipality and in full enjoyment of their civil rights.^[5]

For the Congress of Deputies, 98 seats were elected using a partial block voting in 28 multi-member constituencies, with the remaining 306 being elected under a one-round first-past-the-post system in single-member districts. Candidates winning a plurality in each constituency were elected. In constituencies electing eight seats or more, electors could vote for no more than three candidates less than the number of seats to be allocated; in those with more than four seats and up to eight, for no more than two less; in those with more than one seat and up to four, for no more than one less; and for one candidate in single-member districts. The Congress was entitled to one member per each 50,000 inhabitants, with each multi-member constituency being allocated a fixed number of seats: 8 for Madrid, 7 for Barcelona, 5 for Palma and Seville, 4 for Cartagena and 3 for Alicante, Almería, Badajoz, Burgos, Cádiz, Córdoba, Granada, Huelva, Jaén, Jerez de la Frontera, Las Palmas, La Coruña, Lugo, Málaga, Murcia, Oviedo, Pamplona, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Santander, Tarragona, Valencia, Valladolid and Zaragoza. The law also provided for by-elections to fill seats vacated throughout the legislature.^{[3][6][7][8][9][10][11]}

For the Senate, 180 seats were indirectly elected, with electors voting for delegates instead of senators. Elected delegates—equivalent in number to one-sixth of the councillors in each municipal corporation—would then vote for senators using a write-in, two-round majority voting system. The provinces of Barcelona, Madrid and Valencia were allocated four seats each, whereas each of the remaining provinces was allocated three seats, for a total of 150. The remaining 30 were allocated to a number of institutions, electing one seat each—the Archdioceses of Burgos, Granada, Santiago de Compostela, Seville, Tarragona, Toledo, Valencia, Valladolid and Zaragoza; the Royal Spanish Academy; the Royal Academies of History, Fine Arts, Sciences, Moral and Political Sciences and Medicine; the Universities of Madrid, Barcelona, Granada, Oviedo, Salamanca, Santiago, Seville, Valencia, Valladolid and Zaragoza; and the Economic Societies of Friends of the Country from Madrid, Barcelona, León, Seville and Valencia. An additional 180 seats comprised senators in their own right—the Monarch's offspring and the heir apparent once coming of age; Grandees of Spain of the first class; Captain Generals of the Army and the Navy Admiral; the Patriarch of the Indies and archbishops; as well as other high-ranking state figures—and senators for life (who were appointed by the Monarch).^[12]

Election date[]

The term of each House of the Cortes—the Congress and one-half of the elective part of the Senate—expired five years from the date of their previous election, unless they were dissolved earlier. The Monarch had the prerogative to dissolve both Houses at any given time—either jointly or separately—and call a snap election.^[3][6][12]

Results[]

Congress of Deputies[]

← Summary of the 10 September 1905 Congress of Deputies election results →

Parties and coalitions			Seats
			Seats	+/−
		Liberal Party (Ministerials) (PL)	223	+107
		Liberal Party–Monarchist Democratic Party (PL–PDM)1	216	+106
		Puigcerverist Liberals (L.puig)	4	+1
		Basque Dynastics (Din.v)	3	±0
Total Liberals			223	+107
		Liberal Conservative Party (PLC)	107	–109
		Villaverdist Conservatives (V)	16	+16
		Liberal Reformist Party (PLR)	7	±0
		Tetuanist Conservatives (T)	0	–6
Total Conservatives			130	–99
		Republican Union Party (PUR)	27	–3
		Federal Democratic Republican Party (PRDF)	4	–3
Total Republicans			31	–6
		Traditionalist Communion (CT)	4	–3
		Independent Catholics (Cató.i)	3	–2
		Integrist Party (PI)	2	+1
Total Carlists and Traditionalists			9	–4
	Regionalist League (LR)		7	+2
	Independents (Indep)		4	+1
Total			404	+1
Sources[13][14]
Footnotes: 1 Liberal Party results are compared to the combined totals of the Liberal Party and Monarchist Democratic Party in the 1903 election.

Notes[]

Bibliography[]

• Carreras de Odriozola, Albert; Tafunell Sambola, Xavier (2005) [1989]. Estadísticas históricas de España, siglos XIX-XX (PDF) (in Spanish). Vol. 1 (II ed.). Bilbao: Fundación BBVA. pp. 1072–1097. ISBN 84-96515-00-1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 September 2015.

References[]

External links[]

• Historical archive of deputies (1810–1977) from www.congreso.es, the official Congress of Deputies web portal (in Spanish)
• Elections in the Sexenio Revolucionario and the Restoration at www.historiaelectoral.com (in Spanish/Catalan)