1911 New Zealand general election
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All 80 seats in the New Zealand House of Representatives 41 seats were needed for a majority | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Turnout | 83.5% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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![]() Results of the election. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The New Zealand general election of 1911 was held on Thursday, 7 and 14 December in the general electorates, and on Tuesday, 19 December in the Māori electorates to elect a total of 80 MPs to the 18th session of the New Zealand Parliament. A total number of 590,042 (83.5%) voters turned out to vote.[2] In two seats (Eastern Maori and Gisborne)[3] there was only one candidate (not one seat, as in Wilson [4]).
Outcome[]
The result was that the Liberal Party, which had won a majority of seats (50 of 80) in Parliament, lost 17 seats and its majority, winning only 33. The Reform Party gained 9 to obtain a plurality (37) of seats.[5] Liberal Prime Minister Joseph Ward was able to retain office, but in 1912, Reform Party founder William Massey formed a new government.[6]
Joseph Ward hoped to remain in power with the support of independents and Labour Party members. Several candidates before the election made commitments to support the Ward Government in the event of a no-confidence motion in the House of Representatives. Ward considered delaying a new session of the house, perhaps for six months until June 1912, but following some tough talking from the Governor-General John Dickson-Poynder, he set the date as 15 February.[7] To speed up the negotiating process, Ward promised to resign as Prime Minister after the Reform Party's no-confidence motion was defeated. The end result was even at 39 all, with the Speaker casting the deciding vote in favour of the Ward Government. Joseph Ward then resigned as Prime Minister on 28 March 1912. He was succeeded by Thomas Mackenzie and his new Cabinet was sworn in. The Mackenzie Government lasted only two months and was defeated by a no-confidence motion, 41 votes to 33 on 5 July 1912.[6]
The Second Ballot Act 1908 provided for second or runoff ballots between the top two candidates where the top candidate did not get an absolute majority. The second ballot was held seven days after the first ballot except in ten large rural seats, where fourteen days was allowed. At the 1911 election, all 30 second ballots were held seven days later. Two 1913 by-elections (Grey and Lyttelton) also required second ballots.
The Second Ballot Act did not apply to the Maori electorates, and was used only in 1908 and 1911, as it was repealed in 1913.
In 1911 were the first triennial national referendum on prohibition of alcohol. Referendums were subsequently held in conjunction with each general election (except for 1931 and 1951) until they were abolished in 1989.
Summary of results[]
Party totals[]
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Election results | |||||
Party | Candidates | Total votes | Percentage | Seats won | |
Reform | 64 | 159,309 | 33.37 | 37 | |
Liberal | 89 | 163,401 | 34.23 | 33 | |
Labour | 20 | 35,869 | 7.51 | 4 | |
Socialist | 8 | 9,091 | 1.90 | 0 | |
Independent | 59 | 109,666 | 22.97 | 6 | |
240 | 477,336 | 80 |
Votes summary[]
Results[]
The following are the results of the 1911 general election:
Key
Reform | Liberal | Labour | Independent Liberal | Independent Labour |
Socialist | Liberal–Labour | Independent | Affiliation unknown |
Electorate | Incumbent | Winner | Majority | Runner up | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
General electorates[nb 1] | |||||||
Ashburton | William Nosworthy | 913† | John Kennedy | ||||
Auckland Central | Albert Glover | 2,261 | Michael Joseph Savage | ||||
Auckland East | Arthur Myers | 1,993 | Arthur Withy | ||||
Auckland West | Charles Poole | James Bradney | 1,577 | Charles Poole | |||
Avon | George Warren Russell | 271† | James McCombs | ||||
Awarua | Joseph Ward | 628 | John Hamilton | ||||
Bay of Islands | Vernon Reed | 183 | George Wilkinson[9] | ||||
Bay of Plenty | William MacDonald | 535 | Harry De Lautour | ||||
Bruce | James Allen | 675 | Parker McKinlay | ||||
Buller | James Colvin | 150 | |||||
Chalmers | Edward Henry Clark | 326† | John Thomas Johnson | ||||
Christchurch East | Thomas Davey | 1181† | Henry Thacker | ||||
Christchurch North | Leonard Isitt | 749† | John Hall | ||||
Christchurch South | Harry Ell | 631 | Gains Whiting | ||||
Clutha | Alexander Malcolm | 375 | George Livingstone[10] | ||||
Dunedin Central | James Arnold | Charles Statham | 1544 | James Arnold | |||
Dunedin North | George Thomson | 759† | Robert Douglas | ||||
Dunedin South | Thomas Sidey | 745 | John McManus | ||||
Dunedin West | John A. Millar | 639† | Harry Bedford | ||||
Eden | John Bollard | 663 | William Speight | ||||
Egmont | Bradshaw Dive | Thomas Mackenzie | 327 | Bradshaw Dive | |||
Ellesmere | Heaton Rhodes | 1581 | George Armstrong | ||||
Franklin | William Massey | 1963 | John McLarin[11] | ||||
Gisborne | James Carroll | Uncontested | |||||
Grey | Arthur Guinness | 1138 | Paddy Webb | ||||
Grey Lynn | George Fowlds | John Payne | 38† | George Fowlds | |||
Hawke's Bay | Alfred Dillon | Hugh Campbell | 1107† | Horace Simson | |||
Hurunui | George Forbes | 939 | David Macfarlane | ||||
Hutt | Thomas Wilford | 1931 | Michael Reardon | ||||
Invercargill | Josiah Hanan | 667† | Thomas Fleming | ||||
Kaiapoi | David Buddo | 209† | Richard Moore | ||||
Kaipara | John Stallworthy | Gordon Coates | 572† | John Stallworthy | |||
Lyttelton | George Laurenson | 2079 | Colin Cook | ||||
Manukau | Frederic Lang | 2307 | Ralph Stewart | ||||
Marsden | Francis Mander | 544 | Edmund Purdie | ||||
Masterton | Alexander Hogg | George Sykes | 581† | Alexander Hogg | |||
Mataura | George Anderson | 857 | John MacGibbon | ||||
Motueka | Roderick McKenzie | 1104 | Frederick Smith | ||||
Napier | Vigor Brown | 1064 | Henry Hill[12] | ||||
Nelson | John Graham | Harry Atmore | 1516† | Walter Moffatt | |||
Oamaru | Thomas Young Duncan | Ernest Lee | 1364 | Thomas Young Duncan | |||
Ohinemuri | Hugh Poland | 1207† | Pat Hickey | ||||
Oroua | David Guthrie | 1092 | Robert Hornblow | ||||
Otago Central | New electorate | Robert Scott | 1810 | William Mason | |||
Otaki | William Hughes Field | John Robertson | 21† | William Hughes Field | |||
Pahiatua | Robert Ross | James Escott | 573† | Robert Ross | |||
Palmerston | David Buick | 832 | Robert McNab | ||||
Parnell | Frank Lawry | James Samuel Dickson | 438† | John Findlay | |||
Patea | George Pearce | 960 | Patrick O'Dea | ||||
Raglan | New electorate | Richard Bollard | 919† | Allen Bell | |||
Rangitikei | Robert William Smith | Edward Newman | 1028 | William Meldrum | |||
Riccarton | George Witty | 1373† | Charles Ensor | ||||
Selwyn | Charles Hardy | William Dickie | 271 | Charles Hardy | |||
Stratford | John Hine | 730 | Joseph McCluggage | ||||
Taranaki | Henry Okey | 754 | Charles Bellringer | ||||
Taumarunui | William Thomas Jennings | Charles Wilson | 125 | William Thomas Jennings | |||
Tauranga | William Herries | 1941 | Robert King | ||||
Temuka | New electorate | Thomas Buxton | 1372 | William Jeffries | |||
Thames | Edmund Taylor | Thomas William Rhodes | 66 | Edmund Taylor | |||
Timaru | James Craigie | 1226 | Joseph Moore | ||||
Waikato | Henry Greenslade | Alexander Young | 1128 | Henry Greenslade | |||
Waimarino | New electorate | Robert William Smith | 480† | Frank Hockly | |||
Waipawa | Charles Hall | George Hunter | 569 | Albert Jull | |||
Wairarapa | Walter Clarke Buchanan | 125 | J. T. Marryat Hornsby | ||||
Wairau | John Duncan | Richard McCallum | 142† | John Duncan | |||
Waitaki | William Steward | Francis Henry Smith | 84† | John Macpherson | |||
Waitemata | Leonard Phillips | James Samuel Dickson | 407† | William Joseph Napier | |||
Wakatipu | William Fraser | 91 | James Horn | ||||
Wallace | John Charles Thomson | 1962 | Alan Carmichael | ||||
Wanganui | James Thomas Hogan | Bill Veitch | 1156† | James Thomas Hogan | |||
Wellington East | David McLaren | Alfred Newman | 65† | David McLaren | |||
Wellington Central | Francis Fisher | 131† | Robert Fletcher | ||||
Wellington North | Alexander Herdman | 1807 | Arnold Woolford Izard | ||||
Wellington South | Robert Wright | Alfred Hindmarsh | 254† | Robert Wright | |||
Wellington Suburbs and Country | John Luke | William Henry Dillon Bell | 399 | Frank Moore | |||
Westland | Tom Seddon | 271 | Henry Michel | ||||
Māori electorates[nb 2] | |||||||
Eastern Maori | Āpirana Ngata | Uncontested | |||||
Northern Maori | Te Rangi Hīroa | 405 | Riapo Timoti Puhipi | ||||
Southern Maori | Tame Parata | Taare Parata | 31 | Hopere Uru | |||
Western Maori | Henare Kaihau | Māui Pōmare | 565 | Henare Kaihau |
Table footnotes:
- ^ † in Majority column depicts electorates in which a second ballot was held.
- ^ The affiliation of many of the Maori candidates is unknown or uncertain; note that the Second Ballot Act 1908 did not apply to Maori constituencies.
Summary of changes[]
A boundary redistribution resulted in the abolition of four electorates:[13]
- Geraldine, held by Thomas Buxton
- Manawatu, held by Edward Newman
- Taieri, held by Thomas Mackenzie
- Tuapeka, held by Robert Scott
- Wellington Suburbs, held by John Luke
At the same time, four new electorates came into being:[14][15]
- Otago Central, first formed through the 1911 electoral redistribution
- Raglan, previously abolished in 1870
- Temuka, first formed through the 1911 electoral redistribution
- Waimarino, first formed through the 1911 electoral redistribution
- Wellington Suburbs and Country, first formed through the 1911 electoral redistribution
Notes[]
- ^ Jump up to: a b c Bassett 1982, p. 5.
- ^ "General elections 1853-2005 - dates & turnout". Elections New Zealand. Archived from the original on 14 November 2014. Retrieved 12 January 2011.
- ^ Bassett 1982, p. 66.
- ^ Wilson 1985, p. 286.
- ^ "General elections 1890-1993 - seats won by party" Archived 2011-11-09 at the Wayback Machine, Elections.org
- ^ Jump up to: a b Bassett 1982, p. 3-14.
- ^ Bassett 1982, p. 5-6.
- ^ "The General Election, 1911". National Library. 1912. pp. 1–14. Retrieved 1 August 2013.
- ^ "Political Gossip". The Marlborough Express. C (266). 16 November 1914. p. 3. Retrieved 26 April 2015.
- ^ "Clutha". Otago Witness (3008). 8 November 1911. p. 37. Retrieved 1 August 2020.
- ^ "Electoral district of Franklin: nominations". Auckland Star. XLII (290). 6 December 1911. p. 16. Retrieved 1 August 2020.
- ^ Matthews, Kay Morris. "Henry Hill". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Ministry for Culture and Heritage. Retrieved 10 October 2015.
- ^ McRobie 1989, pp. 71–76.
- ^ McRobie 1989, pp. 75f.
- ^ Wilson 1985, pp. 269–273.
References[]
- Bassett, Michael (1982). Three Party Politics in New Zealand 1911–1931. Auckland: Historical Publications. ISBN 0-86870-006-1.
- McRobie, Alan (1989). Electoral Atlas of New Zealand. Wellington: GP Books. ISBN 0-477-01384-8.
- Wilson, James Oakley (1985) [First published in 1913]. New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1984 (4th ed.). Wellington: V.R. Ward, Govt. Printer. OCLC 154283103.
- 1911 New Zealand general election