1914 United States Senate elections

1914 United States Senate elections

← 1912/13 November 3, 1914 1916 →
32 of the 96 seats in the United States Senate 49 seats needed for a majority
Majority party Minority party   Leader John W. Kern[a] Jacob H. Gallinger[b] Party Democratic Republican Leader since March 4, 1911 March 4, 1911 Leader's seat Indiana New Hampshire Seats before 53 42 Seats after 56 39 Seat change 3 3 Seats up 17 16 Races won 20 13   Third party   Party Progressive Seats before 1 Seats after 1 Seat change Seats up 0 Races won 0
Results of the elections:      Democratic gain      Democratic hold      Republican hold      No election
Majority conference chairman before election John W. Kern Democratic Elected Majority conference chairman John W. Kern Democratic

The 1914 United States Senate elections, with the ratification of the 17th Amendment in 1913, were the first time that all seats up for election were popularly elected instead of chosen by their state legislatures. These elections occurred in the middle of Democratic President Woodrow Wilson's first term.

Gains and losses[]

Three seats held by Republicans were won by Democrats:

• California: Republican George Clement Perkins retired and was replaced by Democrat James D. Phelan.
• South Dakota: Republican Coe I. Crawford lost renomination and was replaced by Democrat Edwin S. Johnson.
• Wisconsin: Republican Isaac Stephenson retired and was replaced by Democrat Paul O. Husting.

One incumbent senator, not up for re-election, later changed from Progressive to Republican.

Senate Party Division, 64th Congress (1915–1917)[]

• Majority Party: Democratic (55 seats)
• Minority Party: Republican (41 seats)
• Other Parties: 0
• Total Seats: 96

Change in composition[]

Before the elections[]

		D1	D2	D3	D4	D5	D6	D7	D8
D18	D17	D16	D15	D14	D13	D12	D11	D10	D9
D19	D20	D21	D22	D23	D24	D25	D26	D27	D28
D38 Ariz. Ran	D37 Ala. (sp) Died Ala. (reg) Retired	D36	D35	D34	D33	D32	D31	D30	D29
D39 Ark. Ran	D40 Colo. Ran	D41 Fla. Ran	D42 Ga. (reg) Ran	D43 Ga. (sp) Retired	D44 Ind. Ran	D45 Ky. (sp) Ran Ky. (reg) Retired	D46 La. Retired	D47 Md. Ran	D48 Mo. Ran
Majority →									D49 Nev. Ran
R39 Utah Ran	R40 Vt. Ran	R41 Wash. Ran	R42 Wisc. Ran	P1	D53 S.C. Ran	D52 Ore. Ran	D51 Okla. Ran	D50 N.C. Ran
R38 S.D. Ran	R37 Pa. Ran	R36 Ohio Retired	R35 N.D. Ran	R34 N.Y. Retired	R33 N.H. Ran	R32 Kan. Ran	R31 Iowa Ran	R30 Ill. Ran	R29 Idaho Ran
R19	R20	R21	R22	R23	R24	R25	R26	R27 Calif. Retired	R28 Conn. Ran
R18	R17	R16	R15	R14	R13	R12	R11	R10	R9
		R1	R2	R3	R4	R5	R6	R7	R8

Elections results[]

		D1	D2	D3	D4	D5	D6	D7	D8
D18	D17	D16	D15	D14	D13	D12	D11	D10	D9
D19	D20	D21	D22	D23	D24	D25	D26	D27	D28
D38 Ariz. Re-elected	D37 Ala. (sp) Hold Ala. (reg) Hold	D36	D35	D34	D33	D32	D31	D30	D29
D39 Ark. Re-elected	D40 Calif. Gain	D41 Colo. Re-elected	D42 Fla. Re-elected	D43 Ga. (reg) Re-elected	D44 Ga. (sp) Hold	D45 Ind. Re-elected	D46 Ky. (sp) Elected[c] Ky. (reg) Hold	D47 La. Hold	D48 Md. Re-elected
Majority →									D49 Mo. Re-elected
R39 Wash. Re-elected	P1	D56 Wisc. Gain	D55 S.D. Gain	D54 S.C. Re-elected	D53 Ore. Re-elected	D52 Okla. Re-elected	D51 N.C. Re-elected	D50 Nev. Re-elected
R38 Vt. Re-elected	R37 Utah Re-elected	R36 Pa. Re-elected	R35 Ohio Hold	R34 N.D. Re-elected	R33 N.Y. Hold	R32 N.H. Re-elected	R31 Kan. Hold	R30 Iowa Re-elected	R29 Ill. Re-elected
R19	R20	R21	R22	R23	R24	R25	R26	R27 Conn. Re-elected	R28 Idaho Re-elected
R18	R17	R16	R15	R14	R13	R12	R11	R10	R9
		R1	R2	R3	R4	R5	R6	R7	R8

Beginning of the next Congress[]

		D1	D2	D3	D4	D5	D6	D7	D8
D18	D17	D16	D15	D14	D13	D12	D11	D10	D9
D19	D20	D21	D22	D23	D24	D25	D26	D27	D28
D38	D37	D36	D35	D34	D33	D32	D31	D30	D29
D39	D40	D41	D42	D43	D44	D45	D46	D47	D48
Majority →									D49
R39	R40 Gain[d]	D56	D55	D54	D53	D52	D51	D50
R38	R37	R36	R35	R34	R33	R32	R31	R30	R29
R19	R20	R21	R22	R23	R24	R25	R26	R27	R28
R18	R17	R16	R15	R14	R13	R12	R11	R10	R9
		R1	R2	R3	R4	R5	R6	R7	R8

Key	D# Democratic P# Progressive R# Republican V# Vacant

Summary of races[]

Special elections during the 63rd Congress[]

In these special elections, the winners were seated once elected and qualified; ordered by election date.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
	Senator	Party	Electoral history
Alabama (Class 3)	Vacant			Joseph F. Johnston (D) died August 8, 1913. New senator elected May 11, 1914. Democratic hold.	▌Y Francis S. White (Democratic) Unopposed
Georgia (Class 2)	William West	Democratic	1914 (Appointed)	Appointee retired. New senator elected November 3, 1914. Democratic hold.	▌Y Thomas W. Hardwick (Democratic) 68.96% ▌ (Progressive) 31.04%[1]
Kentucky (Class 3)	Johnson N. Camden Jr.	Democratic	1914 (Appointed)	Interim appointee elected November 3, 1914. Winner did not run for the next term, see below.	▌Y Johnson N. Camden Jr. (Democratic) 53.98% ▌William Marshall Bullitt (Republican) 40.43%[2]

Races leading to the 64th Congress[]

In these general elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1915; ordered by state.

All of the elections involved the Class 3 seats.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
	Senator	Party	Electoral history
Alabama	Francis S. White	Democratic	1914 (Special)	Incumbent retired. New senator elected. Democratic hold.	▌Y Oscar Underwood (Democratic) 90.2% ▌ (Republican) 6.8% ▌ (Progressive) 2.35% ▌ (Socialist) 0.64%[3]
Arizona	Marcus A. Smith	Democratic	1912	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Marcus A. Smith (Democratic) 53.23% ▌Don Lorenzo Hubbell (Republican) 18.95% ▌Eugene W. Chafin (Prohibition) 15.05% ▌ (Socialist) 7.39% ▌ (Progressive) 5.38%[4]
Arkansas	James Paul Clarke	Democratic	1903 1909	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y James Paul Clarke (Democratic) 74.88% ▌ (Republican) 25.12%[5]
California	George Clement Perkins	Republican	1893 (Appointed) 1895 (Special) 1897 1903 1909	Incumbent retired. New senator elected. Democratic gain.	▌Y James D. Phelan (Democratic) 31.59% ▌ Francis J. Heney (Progressive) 28.81% ▌Joseph R. Knowland (Republican) 28.69% ▌Ernest Untermann (Socialist) 6.41% ▌ (Prohibition) 4.51%[6]
Colorado	Charles S. Thomas	Democratic	1913 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Charles S. Thomas (Democratic) 40.3% ▌Hubert Work (Republican) 38.99% ▌ (Progressive) 10.69% ▌ (Socialist) 5.51% ▌George J. Kindel (Independent) 4.52%[7]
Connecticut	Frank B. Brandegee	Republican	1905 (Special) 1909	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Frank B. Brandegee (Republican) 49.77% ▌Simeon Eben Baldwin (Democratic) 42.08% ▌ Herbert Smith (Progressive) 3.79% ▌ (Socialist) 3.26% ▌ (Prohibition) 0.75% ▌ (Socialist Labor) 0.36%[8]
Florida	Duncan U. Fletcher	Democratic	1909 (Appointed) 1909 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Duncan U. Fletcher (Democratic) Unopposed[9]
Georgia	M. Hoke Smith	Democratic	1911 (Special).	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y M. Hoke Smith (Democratic) 68.48% ▌ (Republican) 31.52%[10]
Idaho	James H. Brady	Republican	1913 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y James H. Brady (Republican) 43.89% ▌James H. Hawley (Democratic) 38.14% ▌ (Progressive) 9.54% ▌ (Socialist) 7.29% ▌ (Prohibition) 1.14%[11]
Illinois	Lawrence Y. Sherman	Republican	1913 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Lawrence Sherman (Republican) 38.46% ▌Roger Charles Sullivan (Democratic) 36.76% ▌ Raymond Robins (Progressive) 19.99% ▌ (Socialist) 3.93% ▌ (Prohibition) 0.66% ▌John M. Francis (Socialist Labor) 0.21%[12]
Indiana	Benjamin F. Shively	Democratic	1909	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Benjamin F. Shively (Democratic) 42.14% ▌ (Republican) 35.1% ▌ Albert J. Beveridge (Progressive) 16.81% ▌ (Socialist) 3.36% ▌ (Prohibition) 2.15% ▌James Matthews (Socialist Labor) 0.45%[13]
Iowa	Albert B. Cummins	Republican	1908 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Albert B. Cummins (Republican) 48.19% ▌Maurice Connolly (Democratic) 39.16% ▌ (Independent) 5.73% ▌ (Progressive) 3.53% ▌ (Socialist) 1.98% ▌ (Prohibition) 1.41%[14]
Kansas	Joseph L. Bristow	Republican	1909	Incumbent lost renomination. New senator elected.[15] Republican hold.	▌Y Charles Curtis (Republican) 35.53% ▌George A. Neeley (Democratic) 34.77% ▌ Victor Murdock (Progressive) 22.94% ▌ (Socialist) 4.82% ▌ (Prohibition) 1.94%[16]
Kentucky	Johnson N. Camden Jr.	Democratic	1914 (Appointed) 1914 (Special)	Interim appointee retired. New senator elected. Democratic hold.	▌Y J. C. W. Beckham (Democratic) 51.89% ▌Augustus E. Willson (Republican) 42.53% ▌ (Progressive) 4.15% ▌ (Socialist) 1.44%[17]
Louisiana	John Thornton	Democratic	1910 (Special)	Incumbent retired. New senator had already been elected early May 21, 1912. Democratic hold.	▌Y Robert F. Broussard (Democratic) Unopposed[18][19]
Maryland	John W. Smith	Democratic	1908 (Special) 1908	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y John W. Smith (Democratic) 50.99% ▌ (Republican) 43.89% ▌ (Progressive) 1.71% ▌ (Socialist) 1.51% ▌ (Prohibition) 1.46% ▌ (Labor) 0.45%[20]
Missouri	William J. Stone	Democratic	1903 1909	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y William J. Stone (Democratic) 50.41% ▌ (Republican) 41.58% ▌ Arthur N. Sager (Progressive) 4.47% ▌ (Socialist) 2.76% ▌ (Prohibition) 0.59% ▌ (Socialist Labor) 0.2%[21]
Nevada	Francis G. Newlands	Democratic	1909	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Francis G. Newlands (Democratic) 37.46% ▌ (Republican) 37.27% ▌ (Socialist) 25.28%[22]
New Hampshire	Jacob Gallinger	Republican	1891 1897 1903 1909	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Jacob Gallinger (Republican) 51.66% ▌Raymond Stevens (Democratic) 44.63% ▌ (Prohibition) 2.38% ▌ (Socialist) 1.34%[23]
New York	Elihu Root	Republican	1909	Incumbent retired. New senator elected. Republican hold.	▌Y James W. Wadsworth (Republican) 47.04% ▌James W. Gerard (Democratic) 42.06% ▌ Bainbridge Colby (Progressive) 4.56% ▌Charles Edward Russell (Socialist) 4.07% ▌ (Prohibition) 2.05% ▌ (Socialist Labor) 0.23%
North Carolina	Lee Slater Overman	Democratic	1903 1909	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Lee Slater Overman (Democratic) 58.1% ▌ (Republican) 41.7% ▌ (Socialist) 0.2%[24]
North Dakota	Asle Gronna	Republican	1911 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Asle Gronna (Republican) 55.82% ▌William E. Purcell (Democratic) 33.95% ▌W. H. Brown (Socialist) 7.14% ▌ (Independent) 3.1%[25]
Ohio	Theodore E. Burton	Republican	1909	Incumbent retired. New senator elected. Republican hold.	▌Y Warren G. Harding (Republican) 49.16% ▌Timothy S. Hogan (Democratic) 39.6% ▌ Arthur Lovett Garford (Progressive) 6.31% ▌ (Socialist) 4.93%[26]
Oklahoma	Thomas Gore	Democratic	1907 (New state) 1909	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Thomas Gore (Democratic) 47.98% ▌John B. Campbell (Republican) 29.44% ▌ (Socialist) 20.99% ▌ (Prohibition) 1.59%[27]
Oregon	George Chamberlain	Democratic	1909	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y George Chamberlain (Democratic) 45.5% ▌ (Republican) 35.95% ▌ Bill Hanley (Progressive) 10.68% ▌ (Socialist) 4.34% ▌ (Prohibition) 3.52%[28]
Pennsylvania	Boies Penrose	Republican	1897 1903 1909	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Boies Penrose (Republican) 46.76% ▌ Gifford Pinchot (Progressive) 24.22% ▌A. Mitchell Palmer (Democratic) 23.97% ▌ (Socialist) 3.41% ▌ (Prohibition) 1.58% ▌ (Socialist Labor) 0.06%[29]
South Carolina	Ellison D. Smith	Democratic	1909	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Ellison D. Smith (Democratic) 99.7% ▌ (Socialist) 0.3%
South Dakota	Coe I. Crawford	Republican	1909	Incumbent lost renomination. New senator elected. Democratic gain.	▌Y Edwin S. Johnson (Democratic) 48.32% ▌Charles H. Burke (Republican) 44.47% ▌ (Socialist) 2.69% ▌ (Prohibition) 2.42% ▌ (Independent) 2.11%[30]
Utah	Reed Smoot	Republican	1903 1909	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Reed Smoot (Republican) 49.08% ▌James Moyle (Democratic) 46.33% ▌ (Socialist) 4.59%[31]
Vermont	William P. Dillingham	Republican	1900 (Special) 1902 1908	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y William P. Dillingham (Republican) 56.05% ▌Charles A. Prouty (Democratic) 42.69% ▌ (Socialist) 1.23%[32]
Washington	Wesley Livsey Jones	Republican	1909	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Wesley Livsey Jones (Republican) 37.79% ▌William W. Black (Democratic) 26.57% ▌ Ole Hanson (Progressive) 24.12% ▌ (Socialist) 8.76% ▌ (Prohibition) 2.77%[33]
Wisconsin	Isaac Stephenson	Republican	1907 (Special) 1909	Incumbent retired. New senator elected. Democratic gain.	▌Y Paul O. Husting (Democratic) 43.82% ▌Francis E. McGovern (Republican) 43.5% ▌Emil Seidel (Socialist) 9.67% ▌Charles L. Hill (Prohibition) 3.01%[34]

Closest races[]

Nineteen races had a margin of victory under 10%:

State	Party of winner	Margin
Nevada	Democratic	0.19%
Wisconsin	Democratic (flip)	0.31%
Kansas	Republican	0.77%
Colorado	Democratic	1.31%
Illinois	Republican	1.70%
Utah	Republican	2.75%
California	Democratic (flip)	2.78%
South Dakota	Democratic (flip)	3.85%
New York	Republican	4.98%
Idaho	Republican	5.75%
New Hampshire	Republican	7.03%
Indiana	Democratic	7.04%
Maryland	Democratic	7.10%
Connecticut	Republican	7.69%
Missouri	Democratic	8.83%[e]
Iowa	Republican	9.03%
Kentucky (regular)	Democratic	9.36%
Oregon	Democratic	9.55%
Ohio	Republican	9.57%

Alabama[]

Democrat Joseph F. Johnston died August 8, 1913. Democrat Henry D. Clayton was appointed August 12, 1913, but his appointment was challenged and withdrawn. Democrat Franklin P. Glass was appointed November 17, 1913, but the Senate refused to seat him.^[35]

Alabama (Special)[]

Alabama special election

← 1907 May 11, 1914 1914 →

Nominee Francis S. White Party Democratic Popular vote 102,326 Percentage 99.94%

U.S. senator before election Joseph F. Johnston Democratic Elected U.S. senator Francis S. White Democratic

Democrat Francis S. White was elected May 11, 1914 to finish the current term that would end in 1915.

Alabama special election

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Francis S. White	102,326	99.94
		Others	58	0.06
Majority			102,268	99.89
Total votes			102,384	100.00
	Democratic hold

Alabama (Regular)[]

Alabama election

← 1914 (special) 1920 →

Nominee Oscar Underwood Alex C. Birch Party Democratic Republican Popular vote 163,338 12,320 Percentage 90.20% 6.80%

U.S. senator before election Francis S. White Democratic Elected U.S. senator Oscar Underwood Democratic

After White retired, House Majority Leader Oscar Underwood was elected to a new term.

Alabama election

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Oscar Underwood	163,338	90.20
	Republican	Alex C. Birch	12,320	6.80
	Progressive	Adolphus P. Longshore	4,263	2.35
	Socialist	S. F. Hinton	1,159	0.64
Majority			151,018	83.40
Total votes			181,080	100.00
	Democratic hold

Arizona[]

Arizona election

← 1912 1920 →

Nominee Marcus A. Smith Don Lorenzo Hubbell Party Democratic Republican Popular vote 25,800 9,183 Percentage 53.23% 18.95%   Nominee Eugene W. Chafin Bert Davis Party Prohibition Socialist Popular vote 7,293 3,582 Percentage 15.05% 7.39%   Nominee J. Bernard Nelson Party Progressive Popular vote 2,608 Percentage 5.38%

U.S. senator before election Marcus A. Smith Democratic Elected U.S. senator Marcus A. Smith Democratic

Incumbent Democrat Marcus A. Smith was elected in 1912 with 50% of the vote and sought re-election. Although he easily defeated his primary challenger, he faced a large field of candidates in the general election. State Senator and trader Don Lorenzo Hubbell was the Republican nominee. Third party candidates included Eugene W. Chafin of the Prohibition Party, who ran for president under the party's nomination, as well as Socialist Bert Davis and Progressive J. Bernard Nelson.

Smith received over half of the vote, defeating each candidate by a wide margin. He was elected to his second term.

Arizona election

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Marcus A. Smith (incumbent)	25,800	53.23
	Republican	Don Lorenzo Hubbell	9,183	18.95
	Prohibition	Eugene W. Chafin	7,293	15.05
	Socialist	Bert Davis	3,582	7.39
	Progressive	J. Bernard Nelson	2,608	5.38
Majority			16,617	34.29
Total votes			48,466	100.00
	Democratic hold

Arkansas[]

Arkansas election

← 1909 1916 (special) →

Nominee James P. Clarke Harry H. Myers Party Democratic Republican Popular vote 33,449 11,222 Percentage 74.88% 25.12%

U.S. senator before election James P. Clarke Democratic Elected U.S. senator James P. Clarke Democratic

Arkansas general election

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	James P. Clarke (incumbent)	33,449	74.88
	Republican	Harry H. Myers	11,222	25.12
Majority			22,227	49.76
Total votes			44,671	100.00
	Democratic hold

California[]

California election

← 1909 1920 →

Nominee James Duval Phelan Francis J. Heney Party Democratic Progressive Popular vote 279,896 255,232 Percentage 31.59% 28.81%   Nominee Joseph R. Knowland Ernest Untermann Party Republican Socialist Popular vote 254,159 56,805 Percentage 28.69% 6.41%

U.S. senator before election George Clement Perkins Republican Elected U.S. senator James Duval Phelan Democratic

Incumbent Republican George Clement Perkins was first elected in an 1895 special election and was re-elected for three more terms. He did not seek re-election.

U.S. Representative Joseph R. Knowland was the Republican nominee for this seat in 1914. He was challenged by the Democratic nominee, former mayor of San Francisco James Duval Phelan, and the Progressive nominee Francis J. Heney, the former attorney general of the Arizona Territory.

Phelan defeated Heney and Knowland by slim margins and less than a third of the vote.

California election

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	James Duval Phelan	279,896	31.59
	Progressive	Francis J. Heney	255,232	28.81
	Republican	Joseph R. Knowland	254,159	28.69
	Socialist	Ernest Untermann	56,805	6.41
	Prohibition	Frederick F. Wheeler	39,921	4.51
Majority			24,664	2.78
Total votes			886,013	100.00
	Democratic gain from Republican

Colorado[]

Colorado election

← 1913 (special) 1920 →

Nominee Charles S. Thomas Hubert Work Party Democratic Republican Popular vote 102,037 98,728 Percentage 40.30% 38.99%   Nominee Benjamin Griffith James C. Griffiths Party Progressive Socialist Popular vote 27,072 13,943 Percentage 10.69% 5.51%

U.S. senator before election Charles S. Thomas Democratic Elected U.S. senator Charles S. Thomas Democratic

Colorado election

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Charles S. Thomas (incumbent)	102,037	40.30
	Republican	Hubert Work	98,728	38.99
	Progressive	Benjamin Griffith	27,072	10.69
	Socialist	James C. Griffiths	13,943	5.51
	Independent	George J. Kindel	11,433	4.52
Majority			3,309	1.31
Total votes			253,213	100.00
	Democratic hold

Connecticut[]

Connecticut election

← 1909 1920 →

Nominee Frank B. Brandegee Simeon Eben Baldwin Party Republican Democratic Popular vote 89,983 76,081 Percentage 49.77% 42.08%

U.S. senator before election Frank B. Brandegee Republican Elected U.S. senator Frank B. Brandegee Republican

Connecticut election

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Frank B. Brandegee (incumbent)	89,983	49.77
	Democratic	Simeon Eben Baldwin	76,081	42.08
	Progressive	Herbert Smith	6,853	3.79
	Socialist	George Spiess	5,890	3.26
	Prohibition	Frederick Platt	1,356	0.75
	Socialist Labor	Clarence Warner	650	0.36
Majority			13,902	7.69
Total votes			180,813	100.00
	Republican hold

Florida[]

Florida election

← 1909 (special) 1920 →

Nominee Duncan U. Fletcher Party Democratic Popular vote 22,761 Percentage 100.00%

U.S. senator before election Duncan U. Fletcher Democratic Elected U.S. senator Duncan U. Fletcher Democratic

Incumbent Democrat Duncan Fletcher was elected in a special election after being appointed when William Hall Milton retired after a year in office. He sought re-election to a full term, facing competition only in the primary.

Democratic primary

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Duncan U. Fletcher (incumbent)	32,042	59.59
	Democratic	J. N. C. Stockton	21,733	40.42
Majority			10,309	19.17
Total votes			53,775	100.00

Georgia[]

There were two elections due to the February 14, 1914 death of Democrat Augustus Octavius Bacon. It was the first time that both of Georgia's Senate seats have been up for election at the same time.

Georgia (Special)[]

Georgia special election

← 1913 1918 →

Nominee Thomas W. Hardwick Rufe G. Hutchens Party Democratic Progressive Popular vote 62,589 28,169 Percentage 68.96% 31.04%

U.S. senator before election William S. West Democratic Elected U.S. senator Thomas W. Hardwick Democratic

Democrat William West was appointed to continue the term pending a special election, in which he was not a candidate.

Democrat Thomas W. Hardwick was elected November 3, 1914 to finish the term that would end in 1919 and served until losing renomination in 1918.

Georgia election

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Thomas W. Hardwick	62,589	68.96
	Progressive	Rufe G. Hutchens	28,169	31.04
Majority			34,420	37.93
Total votes			90,758	100.00
	Democratic hold

Georgia (Regular)[]

Georgia election

← 1911 (special) 1920 →

Nominee M. Hoke Smith C. W. McClure Party Democratic Progressive Popular vote 61,789 28,441 Percentage 68.48% 31.52%

U.S. senator before election M. Hoke Smith Democratic Elected U.S. senator M. Hoke Smith Democratic

Democrat M. Hoke Smith, who had first won in a 1911 special election, was re-elected and would serve until his 1920 renomination loss.

Georgia election

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	M. Hoke Smith (incumbent)	61,789	68.48
	Progressive	C. W. McClure	28,441	31.52
Majority			33,348	36.96
Total votes			90,230	100.00
	Democratic hold

Idaho[]

Idaho election

← 1913 (special) 1918 (special) →

Nominee James H. Brady James H. Hawley Party Republican Democratic Popular vote 47,486 41,266 Percentage 43.89% 38.14%   Nominee Paul Clagstone Calistus Cooper Party Progressive Socialist Popular vote 10,321 7,888 Percentage 9.54% 7.29%

U.S. senator before election James H. Brady Republican Elected U.S. senator James H. Brady Republican

Idaho election

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	James H. Brady (incumbent)	47,486	43.89
	Democratic	James H. Hawley	41,266	38.14
	Progressive	Paul Clagstone	10,321	9.54
	Socialist	Calistus Cooper	7,888	7.29
	Prohibition	W. M. Duthie	1,237	1.14
Majority			6,220	5.75
Total votes			108,198	100.00
	Republican hold

Illinois[]

Illinois election

← 1913 (special) 1920 →

Nominee Lawrence Y. Sherman Roger C. Sullivan Party Republican Democratic Popular vote 390,661 373,403 Percentage 38.46% 36.76%   Nominee Raymond Robins Party Progressive Popular vote 203,027 Percentage 19.99%

U.S. senator before election Lawrence Y. Sherman Republican Elected U.S. senator Lawrence Y. Sherman Republican

1914 United States Senate election in Illinois^[36]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Lawrence Y. Sherman (incumbent)	390,661	38.46
	Democratic	Roger C. Sullivan	373,403	36.76
	Progressive	Raymond Robins	203,027	19.99
	Socialist	Adolph Germer	39,889	3.93
	Prohibition	George W. Woolsey	6,750	0.67
	Socialist Labor	John M. Frances	2,078	0.21
Majority			17,258	1.70
Total votes			1,015,808	100.00
	Republican hold

Indiana[]

Indiana election

← 1909 1916 (special) →

Nominee Benjamin F. Shively Hugh Thomas Miller Party Democratic Republican Popular vote 272,249 226,766 Percentage 42.14% 35.10%   Nominee Albert J. Beveridge Party Progressive Popular vote 108,581 Percentage 16.81%

U.S. senator before election Benjamin F. Shively Democratic Elected U.S. senator Benjamin F. Shively Democratic

Indiana election

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Benjamin F. Shively (incumbent)	272,249	42.14
	Republican	Hugh Thomas Miller	226,766	35.10
	Progressive	Albert J. Beveridge	108,581	16.81
	Socialist	Stephen N. Reynolds	21,719	3.36
	Prohibition	Sumner W. Haynes	13,860	2.15
	Socialist Labor	James Matthews	2,884	0.45
Majority			45,483	7.04
Total votes			646,059	100.00
	Democratic hold

Iowa[]

Iowa election

← 1909 1920 →

Nominee Albert B. Cummins Maurice Connolly Party Republican Democratic Popular vote 205,832 167,251 Percentage 48.19% 39.16%   Nominee Otis Spurgeon Party Independent Popular vote 24,490 Percentage 5.73%

U.S. senator before election Albert B. Cummins Republican Elected U.S. senator Albert B. Cummins Republican

Iowa election

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Albert B. Cummins (incumbent)	205,832	48.19
	Democratic	Maurice Connolly	167,251	39.16
	Independent	Otis Spurgeon	24,490	5.73
	Progressive	Casper Schenk	15,058	3.53
	Socialist	I. S. McCullis	8,462	1.98
	Prohibition	M. L. Christian	6,009	1.41
Majority			36,581	9.03
Total votes			427,102	100.00
	Republican hold

Kansas[]

Kansas election

← 1908 1920 →

Nominee Charles Curtis George A. Neeley Party Republican Democratic Popular vote 180,823 176,929 Percentage 35.53% 34.77%   Nominee Victor Murdock Party Progressive Popular vote 116,755 Percentage 22.94%

U.S. senator before election Joseph Little Bristow Republican Elected U.S. senator Charles Curtis Republican

Kansas election

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Charles Curtis	180,823	35.53
	Democratic	George A. Neeley	176,929	34.77
	Progressive	Victor Murdock	116,755	22.94
	Socialist	Christian B. Hoffman	24,502	4.82
	Prohibition	Earle R. Delay	9,885	1.94
Majority			3,894	0.77
Total votes			508,894	100.00
	Republican hold

Kentucky[]

There were 2 elections to the same seat due to the May 23, 1914 death of one-term Republican William O. Bradley.

Kentucky (Special)[]

Kentucky special election

← 1908 1914 →

Nominee Johnson N. Camden Jr. William Marshall Bullitt Party Democratic Republican Popular vote 177,797 133,139 Percentage 53.99% 40.43%

U.S. senator before election Johnson N. Camden Jr. Democratic Elected U.S. senator Johnson N. Camden Jr. Democratic

Democrat Johnson N. Camden was appointed June 16, 1914 to continue Bradley's term, pending a special election. He was challenged by U.S. Solicitor General William Marshall Bullitt.

Camden was elected in November to finish the term ending 1915.

Kentucky special election

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Johnson N. Camden Jr. (incumbent)	177,797	53.99
	Republican	William Marshall Bullitt	133,139	40.43
	Progressive	George Nicholas	13,641	4.14
	Socialist	Frank E. Seeds	4,770	1.45
Majority			44,658	13.56
Total votes			329,347	100.00
	Democratic hold

Kentucky (Regular)[]

Kentucky election

← 1914 (special) 1920 →

Nominee John C. W. Beckham Augustus E. Willson Party Democratic Republican Popular vote 176,605 144,758 Percentage 51.89% 42.53%

U.S. senator before election Johnson N. Camden Jr. Democratic Elected U.S. senator John C. W. Beckham Democratic

Democratic appointee Johnson N. Camden was not a candidate for the next term, instead returning to agricultural activities on a farm.

In this race, two former governors of Kentucky fought for the seat. The Democratic nominee was John C. W. Beckham, who was sworn in after the assassination of William Goebel in 1900. The Republican nominee was Augustus E. Willson, who flipped the seat in 1907 after Beckham's term ended.

Beckham won the election, and would continue to serve until his re-election loss.

Kentucky election

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	J. C. W. Beckham	176,605	51.89
	Republican	Augustus E. Willson	144,758	42.53
	Progressive	Burton Vance	14,108	4.15
	Socialist	H. J. Robertson	4,890	1.44
Majority			31,847	9.36
Total votes			340,361	100.00
	Democratic hold

Louisiana[]

Louisiana election

← 1910 (special) 1918 (special) →

Nominee Robert F. Broussard Party Democratic

U.S. senator before election John Thornton Democratic Elected U.S. senator Robert F. Broussard Democratic

Senator Robert F. Broussard had already been elected on May 21, 1912 indirectly by the state legislature.

Maryland[]

Maryland election

← 1908 1920 →

Nominee John Walter Smith Edward Carrington Party Democratic Republican Popular vote 110,204 94,864 Percentage 50.99% 43.89%

U.S. senator before election John Walter Smith Democratic Elected U.S. senator John Walter Smith Democratic

Maryland elections

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	John Walter Smith (incumbent)	110,204	50.99
	Republican	Edward Carrington	94,864	43.89
	Progressive	V. Milton Reichard	3,697	1.71
	Socialist	Charles E. Develin	3,255	1.51
	Prohibition	Richard Henry Holme	3,144	1.46
	Labor	Robert W. Stevens	969	0.45
Majority			15,340	7.10
Total votes			216,133	100.00
	Democratic hold

Missouri[]

Missouri election

← 1909 1918 (special) →

Nominee William J. Stone Thomas Akins Party Democratic Republican Popular vote 311,616 257,054 Percentage 50.41% 41.58%

U.S. senator before election William J. Stone Democratic Elected U.S. senator William J. Stone Democratic

Missouri election

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	William J. Stone (incumbent)	311,616	50.41
	Republican	Thomas Akins	257,054	41.58
	Progressive	Arthur N. Sager	27,609	4.47
	Socialist	Thomas E. Greene	17,061	2.76
	Prohibition	Orange J. Hill	3,636	0.59
	Socialist Labor	J. W. Molineaux	1,251	0.20
Majority			54,562	8.83
Total votes			618,227	100.00
	Democratic hold

Nevada[]

Nevada election

← 1909 1918 (special) →

Nominee Francis G. Newlands Samuel Platt Party Democratic Republican Popular vote 8,078 8,038 Percentage 37.46% 37.27%   Nominee Ashley Miller Party Socialist Popular vote 5,451 Percentage 25.28%

U.S. senator before election Francis G. Newlands Democratic Elected U.S. senator Francis G. Newlands Democratic

Nevada election

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Francis G. Newlands (incumbent)	8,078	37.46
	Republican	Samuel Platt	8,038	37.27
	Socialist	Ashley G. Miller	5,451	25.28
Majority			40	0.19
Total votes			21,567	100.00
	Democratic hold

New Hampshire[]

New Hampshire election

← 1909 1918 (special) →

Nominee Jacob H. Gallinger Raymond B. Stevens Party Republican Democratic Popular vote 42,113 36,382 Percentage 51.66% 44.63%

U.S. senator before election Jacob H. Gallinger Republican Elected U.S. senator Jacob H. Gallinger Republican

New Hampshire election

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Jacob Harold Gallinger (incumbent)	42,113	51.66
	Democratic	Raymond Bartlett Stevens	36,382	44.63
	Prohibition	Benjamin F. Grier	1,938	2.38
	Socialist	William H. Wilkins	1,089	1.34
Majority			5,731	7.03
Total votes			81,522	100.00
	Republican hold

New York[]

New York election

← 1909 1920 →

Nominee James W. Wadsworth James W. Gerard Party Republican Democratic Popular vote 639,112 571,419 Percentage 47.04% 42.06

U.S. senator before election Elihu Root Republican Elected U.S. senator James W. Wadsworth Republican

New York election

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	James Wolcott Wadsworth Jr.	639,112	47.04
	Democratic	James Watson Gerard	571,419	42.06
	Progressive	Bainbridge Colby	61,977	4.56
	Socialist	Charles Edward Russell	55,266	4.07
	Prohibition	Francis E. Baldwin	27,813	2.05
	Socialist Labor	Erwin A. Aucher	3,064	0.23
Majority			67,693	4.98
Total votes			1,358,651	100.00
	Republican hold

North Carolina[]

North Carolina election

← 1909 1920 →

Nominee Lee S. Overman A. A. Whitener Party Democratic Republican Popular vote 121,342 87,101 Percentage 58.10% 41.70%

U.S. senator before election Lee S. Overman Democratic Elected U.S. senator Lee S. Overman Democratic

North Carolina election

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Lee S. Overman (incumbent)	121,342	58.10
	Republican	Adolphus A. Whitener	87,101	41.70
	Socialist	Henry J. Oliver	425	0.20
Majority			34,241	16.39
Total votes			208,868	100.00
	Democratic hold

North Dakota[]

North Dakota election

← 1911 (special) 1920 →

Nominee Asle Gronna William E. Purcell Party Republican Democratic Popular vote 48,732 29,640 Percentage 55.82% 33.95   Nominee W. H. Brown Party Socialist Popular vote 6,231 Percentage 7.14

U.S. senator before election Asle Gronna Republican Elected U.S. senator Asle Gronna Republican

North Dakota election

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Asle Gronna (incumbent)	48,732	55.82
	Democratic	William E. Purcell	29,640	33.95
	Socialist	W. H. Brown	6,231	7.14
	Independent	Sever Serumgard	2,707	3.10
Majority			19,092	21.87
Total votes			87,310	100.00
	Republican hold

Ohio[]

Ohio election

← 1909 1920 →

Nominee Warren G. Harding Timothy S. Hogan Party Republican Democratic Popular vote 526,115 423,742 Percentage 49.16% 39.60%   Nominee Arthur L. Garford Party Progressive Popular vote 67,509 Percentage 6.31%

County results

U.S. senator before election Theodore E. Burton Republican Elected U.S. senator Warren G. Harding Republican

Republican nominee Warren G. Harding, future President of the United States, defeated Democratic nominee Timothy S. Hogan to succeed retiring incumbent Republican Senator Theodore E. Burton.^[37]

Initially, Harding was not interested in running for U.S. Senate, due to the divisive remnants of the 1912 elections between the conservative and progressive factions of the Republican party. Harry Daugherty, an Ohio political boss, was interested in running for the seat himself upon learning of incumbent Senator Theodore Burton's plans to retire upon the expiration of his term, but party leaders advised him not to run. Instead, Daugherty unsuccessfully attempted to stage a draft movement to convince Harding to run for the seat. After the death of Amos Kling, the father of Harding's wife Florence, she encouraged her husband to run. The precise reasoning for this is unknown, but some in Marion, the Hardings' home town, believe that Harding had agreed not to seek higher office as part of a reuniting "truce" between Florence and her father, or that Kling had convinced Harding that it would behoove him to further his business rather than run for public office.^[38]

Although Daugherty claimed it was him who had convinced Harding to run for the Senate, Harding's friend and attorney Hoke Donithen, who eventually became Harding's campaign manager, may have played a role in his decision to run. Retiring Senator Theodore Burton also claimed credit, saying to his biographer that Daugherty did not agree to throw his support behind Harding until after learning he had backed him.^[38]

The Republican primary was a three-way contest between Harding, former U.S. Senator and ex-mentor Joseph B. Foraker^[39] and Ralph Cole. Rather than antagonizing his opponents, Harding notably tried to keep and make friends within the Republican party, to the frustration of those running against him. Ralph Cole, in his frustration, said, "If he is not going to fight someone, why did he enter the contest?"^[38] Harding eventually defeated both of his opponents in the primary, garnering 88,540 votes. Foraker finished in second with 76,817 votes, ahead of Cole with 52,237.^[38]

In the general election campaign, Harding faced Democratic nominee Timothy Hogan and Progressive candidate Arthur Garford. Hogan was subject to anti-Catholic sentiment among voters, which Harding himself did not exhibit during the course of the election. Harding's supporters accused Hogan of wanting to "deliver Ohio to the Pope."^[40] Harding downplayed the issue of World War I, despite the fact that the election took place just after the outbreak of the war, due to the high German immigrant population. Harding ultimately won the election and subsequently became the first United States Senator from Ohio to be popularly elected, following the passage of the 17th Amendment to the Constitution.^[39]

Harding's victory in his bid for the Senate seat raised speculation that he would seek higher office, specifically the Presidency, although Harding himself did not show any interest in doing so at the time. He told family and friends after being elected to the Senate that he would return to his previous career in newspaper publishing at The Marion Daily Star after serving in the Senate.^[38]

Ohio election

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Warren G. Harding	526,115	49.16
	Democratic	Timothy S. Hogan	423,742	39.60
	Progressive	Arthur Lovett Garford	67,509	6.31
	Socialist	F. K. Hitchens	52,803	4.93
Majority			102,373	9.57
Total votes			1,070,169	100.00
	Republican hold

Oklahoma[]

Oklahoma election

← 1909 1920 →

Nominee Thomas Gore John H. Burford Party Democratic Republican Popular vote 119,443 73,292 Percentage 47.98% 29.44%   Nominee Patrick S. Nagle Party Socialist Popular vote 52,259 Percentage 20.99%

U.S. senator before election Thomas Gore Democratic Elected U.S. senator Thomas Gore Democratic

Oklahoma election

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Thomas Gore (incumbent)	119,443	47.98
	Republican	John H. Burford	73,292	29.44
	Socialist	Patrick S. Nagle	52,259	20.99
	Progressive	W. O. Cromwell	3,966	1.59
Majority			46,151	18.54
Total votes			248,960	100.00
	Democratic hold

Oregon[]

Oregon election

← 1909 1920 →

Nominee George E. Chamberlain R. A. Booth Party Democratic Republican Popular vote 111,748 88,297 Percentage 45.50% 35.95%   Nominee Bill Hanley Party Progressive Popular vote 26,220 Percentage 10.68%

U.S. senator before election George E. Chamberlain Democratic Elected U.S. senator George E. Chamberlain Democratic

Oregon election

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	George E. Chamberlain (incumbent)	111,748	45.50
	Republican	R. A. Booth	88,297	35.95
	Progressive	Bill Hanley	28,220	10.68
	Socialist	Benjamin Franklin Ramp	10,666	4.34
	Prohibition	H. S. Stine	8,649	3.52
Majority			23,451	9.55
Total votes			245,580	100.00
	Democratic hold

Pennsylvania[]

Pennsylvania election

← 1909 1920 →

Nominee Boies Penrose Gifford Pinchot Party Republican Progressive Popular vote 519,810 269,265 Percentage 46.75% 24.22%   Nominee Alexander M. Palmer Party Democratic Popular vote 266,436 Percentage 23.96%

U.S. senator before election Boies Penrose Republican Elected U.S. senator Boies Penrose Republican

Pennsylvania election

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Boies Penrose (incumbent)	519,810	46.75
	Progressive	Gifford Pinchot	269,265	24.22
	Democratic	Alexander Mitchell Palmer	266,436	23.96
	Socialist	Fred W. Whiteside	37,950	3.41
	Prohibition	Madison F. Larkin	17,685	1.59
		A. S. Landis	680	0.06
	Write-in		106	0.01
Majority			250,545	22.53
Total votes			1,111,932	100.00
	Republican hold

South Carolina[]

South Carolina election

← 1909 1920 →

Nominee Ellison D. Smith Party Democratic Popular vote 32,950 Percentage 99.73%

U.S. senator before election Ellison D. Smith Democratic Elected U.S. senator Ellison D. Smith Democratic

South Carolina election

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Ellison D. Smith (incumbent)	32,950	99.73
	Socialist	J. H. Roberts	89	0.27
Majority			32,861	99.46
Total votes			33,039	100.00
	Democratic hold

South Dakota[]

South Dakota election

← 1909 1920 →

Nominee Edwin S. Johnson Charles H. Burke Party Democratic Republican Popular vote 48,076 44,244 Percentage 48.32% 44.47%

U.S. senator before election Coe I. Crawford Republican Elected U.S. senator Edwin S. Johnson Democratic

South Dakota election

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Edwin S. Johnson	48,076	48.32
	Republican	Charles H. Burke	44,244	44.47
	Socialist	E. P. Johnson	2,674	2.69
	Prohibition	O. W. Butterfield	2,406	2.42
	Independent	H. L. Loucks	2,104	2.11
Majority			3,832	3.85
Total votes			99,504	100.00
	Democratic gain from Republican

Utah[]

Utah election

← 1909 1920 →

Nominee Reed Smoot James Moyle Party Republican Democratic Popular vote 56,281 53,128 Percentage 49.08% 46.33%

U.S. senator before election Reed Smoot Republican Elected U.S. senator Reed Smoot Republican

Utah election

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Reed Smoot (incumbent)	56,281	49.08
	Democratic	James Moyle	53,128	46.33
	Socialist	J. F. Parsons	5,257	4.59
Majority			3,163	2.75
Total votes			114,666	100.00
	Republican hold

Vermont[]

Vermont election

← 1908 1920 →

Nominee William P. Dillingham Charles A. Prouty Party Republican Democratic Popular vote 35,137 26,763 Percentage 56.05% 42.69%

U.S. senator before election William P. Dillingham Republican Elected U.S. senator William P. Dillingham Republican

Vermont election

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	William P. Dillingham (incumbent)	35,137	56.05
	Democratic	Charles A. Prouty	26,763	42.69
	Socialist	James H. Canfield	772	1.23
	Write-in		20	0.03
Majority			8,374	13.36
Total votes			62,692	100.00
	Republican hold

Washington[]

Washington election

← 1909 1920 →

Nominee Wesley L. Jones William W. Black Party Republican Democratic Popular vote 130,479 91,733 Percentage 37.79% 26.57%   Nominee Ole Hanson Adam H. Barth Party Progressive Socialist Popular vote 83,282 30,234 Percentage 24.12% 8.76%

U.S. senator before election Wesley L. Jones Republican Elected U.S. senator Wesley L. Jones Republican

Washington election

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Wesley Livsey Jones (incumbent)	130,479	37.79
	Democratic	William Wilson Black	91,733	26.57
	Progressive	Ole Hanson	83,282	24.12
	Socialist	Adam H. Barth	30,234	8.76
	Prohibition	Arthur S. Caton	9,551	2.77
Majority			38,746	11.22
Total votes			345,279	100.00
	Republican hold

Wisconsin[]

Wisconsin election

← 1909 1918 (special) →

Nominee Paul O. Husting Francis E. McGovern Party Democratic Republican Popular vote 134,925 133,969 Percentage 43.81% 43.50%   Nominee Emil Seidel Party Socialist Popular vote 29,774 Percentage 9.67%

U.S. senator before election Isaac Stephenson Republican Elected U.S. senator Paul O. Husting Democratic

Wisconsin election

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Paul O. Husting	134,925	43.81
	Republican	Francis E. McGovern	133,969	43.50
	Socialist	Emil Seidel	29,774	9.67
	Prohibition	Charles L. Hill	9,276	3.01
	Write-in		58	0.02
Majority			956	0.31
Total votes			308,002	100.00
	Democratic gain from Republican

See also[]

• 1914 United States elections
  • 1914 United States House of Representatives elections
• 63rd United States Congress
• 64th United States Congress

Notes[]

References[]

Bibliography[]

• "Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present". United States Senate – via Senate.gov.
• "United States Senators Chosen, 1912". The Tribune Almanac and Political Register 1913. New York: The Tribune Association. 1913. p. 457 – via Hathi Trust Digital Library.
• Byrd, Robert C. (October 1, 1993). Wolff, Wendy (ed.). The Senate, 1789-1989: Historical Statistics, 1789-1992. United States Senate Historical Office (volume 4 Bicentennial ed.). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. ISBN 9780160632563 – via Google Books.
• Cox, Harold (January 31, 2007). "Pennsylvania Election Statistics: 1682-2006". The Wilkes University Election Statistics Project. Wilkes University.