1892 and 1893 United States Senate elections

1892 and 1893 United States Senate elections
29 of the 88 seats in the United States Senate (as well as special elections); 45 seats needed for a majority
Majority Party before election; ; Republican	Elected Majority Party ; ; Democratic

The 1892 and 1893 United States Senate elections were elections which, corresponding with former Democratic President Grover Cleveland's return to power, had the Republican Party lose nine seats in the United States Senate and lose its majority to the Democratic Party. The Democratic majority, however, was minimal and didn't last past the next Congress.

As these elections were prior to ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment, Senators were chosen by state legislatures.

Results summary[]

Senate Party Division, 53rd Congress (1893–1895)

Majority Party: Democratic (43)
Minority Party: Republican (37)
Other Parties: Populist (3); Silver (1)
Vacant: 4
Total Seats: 88

Change in Senate composition[]

Before the elections[]

						D₁	D₂	D₃	D₄
D₁₄	D₁₃	D₁₂	D₁₁	D₁₀	D₉	D₈	D₇	D₆	D₅
D₁₅	D₁₆	D₁₇	D₁₈	D₁₉	D₂₀	D₂₁	D₂₂	D₂₃	D₂₄
D₃₄ Ran	D₃₃ Ran	D₃₂ Ran	D₃₁ Ran	D₃₀ Ran	D₂₉	D₂₈	D₂₇	D₂₆	D₂₅
D₃₅ Ran	D₃₆ Ran	D₃₇ Ran	D₃₈ Ran	D₃₉ Unknown	D₄₀ Retired	P₁	P₂	R₄₆ Wis. Retired	R₄₅ Retired
Majority →									R₄₄ Retired
R₃₅ Ran	R₃₆ Ran	R₃₇ Ran	R₃₈ Ran	R₃₉ Ran	R₄₀ Ran	R₄₁ Unknown	R₄₂ Unknown	R₄₃ Retired	R₄₄ Retired
R₃₄ Ran	R₃₃ Ran	R₃₂ Ran	R₃₁ Ran	R₃₀ Ran	R₂₉ Ran	R₂₈	R₂₇	R₂₆	R₂₅
R₁₅	R₁₆	R₁₇	R₁₈	R₁₉	R₂₀	R₂₁	R₂₂	R₂₃	R₂₄
R₁₄	R₁₃	R₁₂	R₁₁	R₁₀	R₉	R₈	R₇	R₆	R₅
						R₁	R₂	R₃	R₄

Result of the elections[]

						D₁	D₂	D₃	D₄
D₁₄	D₁₃	D₁₂	D₁₁	D₁₀	D₉	D₈	D₇	D₆	D₅
D₁₅	D₁₆	D₁₇	D₁₈	D₁₉	D₂₀	D₂₁	D₂₂	D₂₃	D₂₄
D₃₄ Re-elected	D₃₃ Re-elected	D₃₂ Re-elected	D₃₁ Re-elected	D₃₀ Re-elected	D₂₉	D₂₈	D₂₇	D₂₆	D₂₅
D₃₅ Re-elected	D₃₆ Re-elected	D₃₇ Re-elected	D₃₈ Hold	D₃₉ Hold	D₃₀ Gain	D₄₁ Gain	D₄₂ Gain	D₄₃ Wis. Gain	V₄ D loss
Majority with vacancies ↑									V₃ R loss
R₃₅ Re-elected	R₃₆ Re-elected	R₃₇ Hold	SR₁ Gain	P₁	P₂	P₃ Gain	V₁ R loss	V₂ R loss	V₃ R loss
R₃₄ Re-elected	R₃₃ Re-elected	R₃₂ Re-elected	R₃₁ Re-elected	R₃₀ Re-elected	R₂₉ Re-elected	R₂₈	R₂₇	R₂₆	R₂₅
R₁₅	R₁₆	R₁₇	R₁₈	R₁₉	R₂₀	R₂₁	R₂₂	R₂₃	R₂₄
R₁₄	R₁₃	R₁₂	R₁₁	R₁₀	R₉	R₈	R₇	R₆	R₅
						R₁	R₂	R₃	R₄

Beginning of the next Congress[]

						D₁	D₂	D₃	D₄
D₁₄	D₁₃	D₁₂	D₁₁	D₁₀	D₉	D₈	D₇	D₆	D₅
D₁₅	D₁₆	D₁₇	D₁₈	D₁₉	D₂₀	D₂₁	D₂₂	D₂₃	D₂₄
D₃₄	D₃₃	D₃₂	D₃₁	D₃₀	D₂₉	D₂₈	D₂₇	D₂₆	D₂₅
D₃₅	D₃₆	D₃₇	D₃₈	D₃₉	D₄₀	D₄₁	D₄₂	D₄₃	D₄₄ Appointed
Majority with vacancies →									D₄₄ Appointed
R₃₅	R₃₆	R₃₇	SR₁	P₁	P₂	P₃	V₁	V₂	V₃
R₃₄	R₃₃	R₃₂	R₃₁	R₃₀	R₂₉	R₂₈	R₂₇	R₂₆	R₂₅
R₁₅	R₁₆	R₁₇	R₁₈	R₁₉	R₂₀	R₂₁	R₂₂	R₂₃	R₂₄
R₁₄	R₁₃	R₁₂	R₁₁	R₁₀	R₉	R₈	R₇	R₆	R₅
						R₁	R₂	R₃	R₄

Key:

D_#	Democratic
P_#	Populist
R_#	Republican
SR_#	Silver Republican
V_#	Vacant

Race summaries[]

Elections during the 52nd Congress[]

In these special elections the winners were seated during the 52nd Congress in 1892 or in 1893 before March 4; ordered by election date.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results	Candidates
Maryland (Class 3)	Charles Hopper Gibson	Democratic	1891 (Appointed)	Interim appointee elected January 21, 1892.^[1]	▌Y Charles Hopper Gibson (Democratic) 93 votes ▌John Walter Smith (Democratic) 21 votes ▌Elihu E. Jackson (Democratic) 20 votes ▌ (Republican) 16 votes ▌John B. Brown (Democratic) 14 votes ▌James A. Pearce (Democratic) 14 votes ▌ (Unknown) 12 votes ▌ (Republican) 2 votes^[2]
Texas (Class 1)	Horace Chilton	Democratic	1891 (Appointed)	Interim appointee lost election. New senator elected March 22, 1892.^[3] Democratic hold.	▌Y Roger Q. Mills (Democratic) 123 votes ▌ (Unknown) 3 votes ▌Horace Chilton (Democratic) 3 votes ▌ (Unknown) 2 votes ▌David B. Culberson (Democratic) 1 vote ▌ (Independent) 1 vote ▌Joseph D. Sayers (Democratic) 1 vote^[3]
Vermont (Class 1)	Redfield Proctor	Republican	1891 (Appointed)	Interim appointee elected October 18, 1892.^[4]^[3] Winner was also elected at the same time to the next term.	▌Y Redfield Proctor (Republican) 124 votes ▌^[c] (Democratic) 35 votes^[3]
West Virginia (Class 2)	John E. Kenna	Democratic	1883 1889	Incumbent died January 11, 1893. New senator elected January 24, 1893. Democratic hold.	▌Y Johnson N. Camden (Democratic) 59 votes ▌ (Republican) 33 votes ▌ (Populist) 1 vote^[5]
Kentucky (Class 2)	John G. Carlisle	Democratic	1890 (Special)	Incumbent resigned February 4, 1893. New senator elected February 15, 1893.^[6]^[7] Democratic hold.	▌Y William Lindsay (Democratic) 79 votes ▌Augustus E. Willson (Republican) 17 votes^[6]

In this special election, the winner was seated in the 53rd Congress, starting March 4, 1893.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results	Candidates
Kansas (Class 2)	Bishop W. Perkins	Republican	1892 (Appointed)	Interim appointee retired. New senator elected on January 25, 1893 but didn't qualify until the next Congress on March 4, 1893. Democratic gain. Immediately thereafter another joint convention elected , but that contest of Martin's election was "soon abandoned."^[8]	▌Y John Martin (Democratic) 86 votes ▌ (Unknown) 4 votes ▌ (Unknown) 1 vote ▌ (Unknown) 1 vote ▌ (Unknown) 1 vote^[8]

In this early regular election, the winner was seated in the 54th Congress, starting March 4, 1895.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results	Candidates
Mississippi	Edward C. Walthall	Democratic	1885 (Appointed) 1886 (Special) 1889	Incumbent re-elected early on January 19, 1892 for the term beginning 1895.^[9] Walthall, however, had already been re-elected to next term.^[10]	▌Y Edward C. Walthall (Democratic) 135 votes ▌Clarke Lewis (Democratic) 21 votes ▌Charles E. Hooker (Democratic) 4 votes^[9]

Races leading to the 53rd Congress[]

In these regular elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1893; ordered by state.

All of the elections involved the Class 1 seats.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results	Candidates
California	Charles N. Felton	Republican	1891 (Special)	Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 18, 1893. Democratic gain.	▌Y Stephen M. White (Democratic)[?] ▌Charles N. Felton (Republican) 11 votes ▌Perkins (Republican) 12 votes ▌ (Unknown) 9 votes ▌Cator^[d] (Populist) 7 votes^[11]
Connecticut	Joseph Roswell Hawley	Republican	1881 1887	Incumbent re-elected January 18, 1893.^[11]	▌Y Joseph Roswell Hawley (Republican) 138 votes ▌Carlos French (Democratic) 114 votes ▌ (Prohibition) 1 vote^[12]
Delaware	George Gray	Democratic	1885 (Special) 1887	Incumbent re-elected January 17, 1893.	▌Y George Gray (Democratic) 28 votes Unopposed^[8]
Florida	Samuel Pasco	Democratic	1887	Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election. Legislature failed to elect. Democratic loss. Incumbent was later appointed and then elected, see below.	[data unknown/missing]
Indiana	David Turpie	Democratic	1863 (Special) 1863 (Retired) 1887	Incumbent re-elected January 18, 1893.	▌Y David Turpie (Democratic) 98 votes ▌Charles W. Fairbanks (Republican) 50 votes^[8]
Maine	Eugene Hale	Republican	1881 1887	Incumbent re-elected January 17, 1893.	▌Y Eugene Hale (Republican) 123 votes ▌Arthur Sewall (Democratic) 42 votes^[8]
Maryland	Arthur P. Gorman	Democratic	1880 1886	Incumbent re-elected January 19, 1892.^[9]	▌Y Arthur P. Gorman (Democratic) 100 votes ▌Lloyd Lowndes (Republican) 9 votes^[9]
Massachusetts	Henry L. Dawes	Republican	1881 1887	Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 17, 1893. Republican hold.	▌Y Henry Cabot Lodge (Republican) 190 votes ▌Patrick A. Collins (Democratic) 82 votes^[8]
Michigan	Francis B. Stockbridge	Republican	1887	Incumbent re-elected January 17, 1893.	▌Y Francis B. Stockbridge (Republican) 86 votes ▌Campau^[d] (Democratic) 37 votes ▌ (Populist) 5 votes^[8]
Minnesota	Cushman Davis	Republican	1886	Incumbent re-elected January 18, 1893 on the second ballot.^[8]	▌Y Cushman Davis (Republican) 86 votes ▌Daniel W. Lawler (Democratic) 48 votes ▌ (Populist) 23 votes^[8]
Mississippi	James Z. George	Democratic	1880 1886	Incumbent re-elected January 19, 1892.^[9]^[10]	▌Y James Z. George (Democratic) 101 votes ▌Ethelbert Barksdale (Democratic) 53 votes ▌James L. Alcorn (Republican) 1 vote^[9]
Missouri	Francis Cockrell	Democratic	1874 1881 1887	Incumbent re-elected January 18, 1893.^[13]	▌Y Francis Cockrell (Democratic) 129 votes ▌Chauncey I. Filley (Republican) 49 votes^[8]
Montana	Wilbur F. Sanders	Republican	1890	Incumbent lost re-election. Legislature failed to elect.^[14] Republican loss.	▌William A. Clark (Democratic) ▌Wilbur F. Sanders (Republican) [data unknown/missing]
Nebraska	Algernon S. Paddock	Republican	1875 1880 (Lost) 1886	Incumbent retired. New senator elected February 7, 1893 on the seventh ballot.^[15] Populist gain.	▌Y William V. Allen (Populist) 70 votes ▌Algernon S. Paddock (Republican) 59 votes^[15]
Nevada	William Stewart	Republican	1887	Incumbent re-elected as a Silver Republican January 24, 1893.^[15] Silver Republican gain.	▌Y William Morris Stewart (Silver Republican) [data unknown/missing]
New Jersey	Rufus Blodgett	Democratic	1886	Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 24, 1893.^[16] Democratic hold.	▌Y James Smith Jr. (Democratic) 55 votes ▌William J. Sewell (Republican) 26 votes^[15]
New York	Frank Hiscock	Republican	1887	Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected January 17, 1893. Democratic gain.	▌Y Edward Murphy, Jr. (Democratic) 90 votes ▌Frank Hiscock (Republican) 74 votes ▌Whitelaw Reid (Republican) 1 vote^[15]
North Dakota	Lyman R. Casey	Republican	1889	Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected February 20, 1893 on the sixty-first ballot.^[17]^[18] Democratic gain.	▌Y William N. Roach (Democratic) 50 votes ▌Lyman R. Casey (Republican) 23 votes ▌ (Democratic) eliminated ▌ (Independent) eliminated^[17]
Ohio	John Sherman	Republican	1861 (Special) 1866 1872 1877 (Resigned) 1881 1886	Incumbent re-elected January 12, 1892.^[9]	▌Y John Sherman (Republican) 111 votes ▌James E. Neal (Democratic) 37 votes^[19]
Pennsylvania	Matthew Quay	Republican	1887	Incumbent re-elected January 17, 1893.	▌Y Matthew Quay (Republican) 64.96% ▌George Ross (Democratic) 31.50% Others, see below
Rhode Island	Nelson W. Aldrich	Republican	1881 (Special) 1886	Incumbent re-elected June 14, 1892.	▌Y Nelson W. Aldrich (Republican) 64 votes 38 votes^[3]
Tennessee	Washington C. Whitthorne	Democratic	1887	Unknown if incumbent retired or lost renomination. New senator elected January 17, 1893. Democratic hold.	▌Y William B. Bate (Democratic) 89 votes ▌ (Republican) 31 votes ▌ (Popoulist) 6 votes^[20]
Texas	Roger Q. Mills	Democratic	1892 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected January 24, 1893.	▌Y Roger Q. Mills (Democratic) 143 votes ▌ (Populist) 9 votes ▌ (Republican) 1 vote^[20]
Vermont	Redfield Proctor	Republican	1891 (Appointed)	Interim appointee elected October 18, 1892. Winner was also elected at the same time to finish the current term.	▌Y Redfield Proctor (Republican) 124 votes ▌^[c] (Democratic) 35 votes^[3]
Virginia	John W. Daniel	Democratic	1887	Incumbent had already been re-elected early December 16, 1891.
Washington	John B. Allen	Republican	1889	Incumbent lost re-election. Legislature failed to elect after one hundred one ballots on March 9, 1893.^[21] Republican loss.	▌John B. Allen (Republican) ▌Turner^[d] (Republican) ▌Griggs^[d] (Democratic) ▌Teats^[d] (Populist)^[21]
West Virginia	Charles J. Faulkner	Democratic	1887	Incumbent re-elected January 24, 1893.	▌Y Charles J. Faulkner (Democratic) 59 votes ▌Stephen B. Elkins (Republican) 32 votes ▌ (Populist) 2 votes^[5]
Wisconsin	Philetus Sawyer	Republican	1887	Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 27, 1893. Democratic gain.	▌Y John L. Mitchell (Democratic) 83 votes ▌John C. Spooner (Republican) 49 votes ▌Edward S. Bragg (Democratic) 1 vote^[5]
Wyoming	Francis E. Warren	Republican	1890	Incumbent lost re-election. Legislature failed to elect.^[5] Republican loss.	▌Francis E. Warren (Republican) ▌Clarence D. Clark (Republican)

Elections during the 53rd Congress[]

In these elections, the winners were elected in 1893 after March 4, and seated in the 53rd Congress.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results	Candidates
Florida (Class 1)	Samuel Pasco	Democratic	1887 1893 (Legislature failed to elect) 1893 (Appointed)	Interim appointee elected April 20, 1893.	▌Y Samuel Pasco (Democratic) [data unknown/missing]
Virginia (Class 2)	Eppa Hunton	Democratic	1892 (Appointed)	Interim appointee elected December 19, 1893.^[22]^[23]	▌Y Eppa Hunton (Democratic) [data unknown/missing]

In this election, the winner was seated in the 54th Congress, starting March 4, 1895.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results	Candidates
Virginia (Class 2)	Eppa Hunton	Democratic	1892 (Appointed)	Interim appointee retired. New senator elected early on December 19, 1893 for the term beginning 1895.^[23] Democratic hold.	▌Y Thomas S. Martin (Democratic) [data unknown/missing]

California[]

Connecticut[]

Delaware[]

Florida[]

Florida (Regular)[]

Florida (Special)[]

Indiana[]

Kansas (Special)[]

Kentucky (Special)[]

Maine[]

Maryland[]

Maryland (Regular)[]

Maryland (Special)[]

Massachusetts[]

Michigan[]

Minnesota[]

Mississippi[]

Mississippi (Regular, class 1)[]

Mississippi (Regular, class 2)[]

Early election for the term beginning in 1895.

Missouri[]

Montana[]

Nebraska[]

Nevada[]

New Jersey[]

New York[]

The New York election was held on January 18, 1893, by the New York State Legislature.

Republican Frank Hiscock had been elected to this seat in 1887, and his term would expire on March 3, 1893.

At the controversial State election in November 1891, 17 Democrats, 14 Republicans and 1 Independent were elected for a two-year term (1892-1893) in the State Senate. This was the only time a Democratic majority was seated in the State Senate between 1874 and 1910. At the State election in November 1892, 74 Democrats and 54 Republicans were elected for the session of 1893 to the Assembly. The 116th New York State Legislature met from January 3 to April 20, 1893, at Albany, New York.

The Democratic caucus met on January 10. 90 State legislators attended, only Assemblyman John Cooney, of Brooklyn, was absent due to illness. State Senator Amasa J. Parker, Jr. presided. Edward Murphy, Jr., a wealthy brewer of Troy, and Chairman of the Democratic State Committee, was nominated by a large majority. The New York Times had suggested earlier to nominate Carl Schurz, a former Republican U.S. Senator from Missouri and U.S. Secretary of the Interior, who lived now in New York City,^[24] but the political machines of upstate boss David B. Hill and Tammany Hall chose a loyal party machine man rather than an Ex-Republican advocate of civil service reform. Even President-elect Grover Cleveland had voiced his disapproval of Murphy, to no avail.^[25]

**1893 Democratic caucus**
Candidate	First ballot
Y Edward Murphy, Jr.	85
W. Bourke Cockran	5

The Republican caucus met on January 11. State Senator Thomas Hunter presided. They re-nominated the incumbent U.S. Senator Frank Hiscock by acclamation.

Edward Murphy, Jr., was the choice of both the Assembly and the State Senate, and was declared elected. State Senator James T. Edwards (32nd D.), of Randolph, voted for the defeated Republican vice presidential candidate of 1892, Whitelaw Reid.

**1893 United States Senator election**
House	Democratic		Republican		Republican
State Senate (32 members)	Y Edward Murphy, Jr.	17	Frank Hiscock	12	Whitelaw Reid	1
State Assembly (128 members)	Y Edward Murphy, Jr.	73	Frank Hiscock	52

Note: The votes were cast on January 17, but both Houses met in a joint session on January 18 to compare nominations, and declare the result.

When Murphy took his seat, for the first time since 1849 New York was represented by two Democrats in the U.S. Senate. Murphy served a single term, remaining in the U.S. Senate until March 3, 1899. In January 1899, Murphy was defeated for re-election by Republican Chauncey M. Depew.

North Dakota[]

Ohio[]

Pennsylvania[]

The election in Pennsylvania was held January 17, 1893. Incumbent Matthew Quay was re-elected by the Pennsylvania General Assembly.^[26]

State Legislature Results^[26]^[27]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Matthew Quay (Incumbent)	165	64.96
	Democratic	George Ross	80	31.50
	Republican	John Dalzell	1	0.39
	Democratic	William F. Harrity	1	0.39
	Democratic	William Mutchler	1	0.39
	N/A	Not voting	6	2.36
Totals			254	100.00%

Rhode Island[]

Tennessee[]

Texas[]

Texas (Regular)[]

Texas (Special)[]

Vermont[]

Vermont (Regular)[]

Vermont (Special)[]

Virginia[]

Virginia (Regular, class 1)[]

Democratic incumbent John W. Daniel (who had been first ) was re-elected in 1893.

Virginia (Regular, class 2)[]

Democratic incumbent John S. Barbour Jr. died May 14, 1892. Democrat Eppa Hunton was appointed May 28, 1892 to continue until a special election.

Hunton was elected early December 19, 1893 to the term that would begin in 1895.

Virginia (Special)[]